UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

PESHAWAR

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ASSIGNMENT #01

AUTOCAD (ME-213 CAD-1)

SECTION: C

THIRD SEMESTER

SUBMITTED BY:

MUHAMMAD BILAL GHOURI

SUBMITTED TO:

ENG NUMAN KHAN

 QUESTION #01

ENGINEERING DRAWING:
Definition: A language of Engineers to describe shape, size, fit, finish, production process and
specification, function and assembly.

Universal Language of Engineers:

Engineering drawing is a graphical language of an engineer to convey one’s ideas most

effectively, easily, conveniently and with high speed.

A drawing drawn by an engineer having engineering knowledge for the drawing purposes is an
engineering drawing. It is meant for communicating his ideas, thoughts and designs to others.
Engineering drawing is a starting point of all engineering branches such as Mechanical,
Production, Civil, Electrical, Electronics, Computer science, Chemical etc. It is spoken, read, and
written in its own way. Engineering drawing has its own grammar in the theory of projections, its
idioms in conventional practices, its punctuations in the types of lines, its abbreviations, symbols
and its descriptions in the constructions.

It is spoken, read, and written in its own way. Engineering drawing has its own grammar in terms
of projections, conventional representations, types of lines, abbreviations, symbols and various
geometric constructions.

QUESTION #02

DRAWING INSTRUMENTS:
Instruments used in drawings are called drawing Instrument.

Drawing instruments are used to prepare drawings easily and accurately. The accuracy of the
drawings depends largely on the quality of instruments. With instruments of good quality,
desirable accuracy can be attained with ease. It is, therefore, essential to procure instruments of
as superior quality as possible.

Names of Drawing Instruments:

Some of drawing instruments are as follow

1. Drawing board

2. T-square

3. Set-squares - 45° and 30°- 60°

4. Drawing instrument box, containing:

(I) Large-size compass with inter-changeable pencil and pen legs

(ii) Lengthening bar

(iii) Small bow compass

(iv) Large-size divider

(v) Small bow divider

(vi) Small bow ink-pen

(vii) Inking pen

5. Scales

6. Protractor

7. French curves

8. Drawing papers

9. Drawing pencils

10. Sand-paper block

11. Eraser (Rubber)

12. Drawing pins, clips or adhesive tapes

13. Duster

14. Drafting machine

15. Roll-n-draw.
 QUESTION #03

AUTOCAD:
Abbreviation: AutoCAD stands for Automatical Computer Aided Design.

Definition: AutoCAD is computer-aided design (CAD) software that architects, engineers, and
construction professionals rely on to create precise 2D and 3D drawings.

Advantages of AutoCAD:

AutoCAD is one of the most widely-used pieces of design software. Some of its advantages are
as fellow

❖ Draw to Scale:
One of the main benefits of AutoCAD is that it allows you to draw to scale.
You start by choosing the appropriate units of measurement. Then, you can draw your
model at 1:1 scale.
This allows you to easily determine the actual size of the product you’re drawing. You
can also adjust the scale to see how it would look in different sizes without having to
adjust the drawing itself.

❖ Easy Layout and Viewing:

When you’re using AutoCAD, it’s easy to zoom in and out and pan to other areas of the
drawing. This is particularly useful when you’re working on large or complicated
designs.
The interface is easy to navigate, with various tools enabling you to view your drawing
from different distances and perspectives.

❖ Draw Accurately:
AutoCAD makes it easy to draw objects accurately, with various options to set the exact
size and alignment that you need.
On your screen, there’s a rectangular grid. You can click on any interval on the grid to
locate the point that you need. If this isn’t accurate enough for you, you can use your
keyboard to enter the exact coordinates of the location at which you want to start
drawing.
The object snap tool allows you to snap to any location on your drawing. It will
automatically locate points such as the center of a circle or the end or center point of a
line. This means that you don’t have to measure the lines yourself to find these points.

❖ Make Changes Easily and Reduce Risk of Error

In AutoCAD, you don’t have to go through a long process just to adjust your drawing.
You can create designs quickly and easily, using the software’s easy tools to complete
tasks in a fraction of the time it would take via manual drafting.
 It’s also very easy to make changes and adjustments. When you’re designing a prototype,
you’re likely to go through multiple drafts or phases. This will require you to constantly
tweak your drawing until you get the desired product.
Having to re-draw it every time you make a change takes far too much time. With
AutoCAD, you don’t have to. You can simply adjust the original drawing instead,
revisiting it to make modifications at any stage during the design or production process.
The software’s various editing tools mean you never have to redraw an object if you
don’t want to. Instead, you can duplicate, stretch, trim, rotate, scale and move what
you’ve already drawn.
When you’re using this software, your margin for error is greatly reduced. If you make a
mistake, all you have to do is click the ‘undo’ button and start again. It’s that easy!
The interface is easy to navigate, which reduces the likelihood of errors. This speed up
the design process even further.

❖ Identify Design Problems:

With CAD, you can see a 3D image of your drawing. You can rotate it to examine it from
all angles, as well as changing colors and line weight to get the appearance you’re
looking for.
Visualizing your product in this way allows you to identify and solve any problems with
the design before the production process starts.

❖ Calculate Material Quantities for Production:

When you draw a design in AutoCAD, you can use a scanning tool to measure the
quantity of each material you’ll need to use in production.
As well as taking a job off your hands, this also means that you can control and manage
the production process more easily. This is because you can get an accurate specification
of what you’ll need and use it to calculate how much production will cost.

❖ Store and Transfer Data Safely:

If you have a large design team, you may need to have multiple people working on one
project or file at the same time. AutoCAD allows you to do this.
The software creates a database of everything you draw, tracking every single change that
is made to each drawing. Everything is stored securely, so you don’t need to worry about
data loss or corruption.
You can also upload files online and share them between different parties with the click
of a mouse.

❖ Save Time and Money:

One of the main benefits of computer aided design is that it’s incredibly efficient.
All of the above factors contribute to a much quicky and easier design process. This
allows you to finish a project as quickly as possible, saving you time and money.

❖ Commands:
like Fill, Hatch, Section lines, chamfer, and fillet makes AutoCAD one-stop solutions to
many designers as these operations are impossible in manual drafting.
 ❖ Calculation:
The user can calculate Mass, Area, volume, Center of Gravity in no time. This program
has an Auto- Dimensioning feature that helps in designing easy and accurate sketches.
The users can also generate 2D drawings from 3D models.

QUESTION #04

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 1ST ANGLE AND 3RD ANGLE PROJECTION:

S. No 1st Angle of Projection 3rd Angle of Projection

1. The object is kept in the first quadrant. The object is assumed to be kept in the
third quadrant.
2. The object lies between the observer and The plane of projection lies between the
the plane of projection. observer and the object.
3. The plane of projection is assumed to be The plane of projection is assumed to be
non-transparent. transparent.
4. In this method, when the views are In this method, when the views are drawn
drawn in their relative positions, · the in their relative positions, the plan, comes
plan tomes below the elevation, the above the elevation, left hand side view is
view of the object as observed from the drawn to the left-hand side of the
left-side is drawn to the right of elevation.
elevation.
5. This method of projection is now This method of projection is used in
recommended by the "Bureau of Indian U.S.A. and also in other countries.
Standards' from 1991.

Symbols for methods of projection:

For every drawing it is absolutely essential to indicate the method of projection adopted. This is
done by means of a symbolic figure drawn within the title block on the drawing sheet.

The symbolic figure for the first-angle projection method is shown in figure, while that for the
third-angle projection method is shown in figure which are self-explanatory.
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