Krisha Louise P.

Molecular formula:
C21H30O2

Structural formula:
1. Cannabis
(Marijuana)

Effects
There are different ways of using cannabis, and the method can determine the
effects of the drug.
• Smoking or inhaling: A sense of elation can start within minutes and peak
after 10–30 minutes. The feeling will typically wear off after about 2 hours.
Sources:
• Ingesting: If a person consumes products containing cannabis by mouth, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/article
they will usually feel the effects within 1 hour, and the sensations will peak s/246392#cbd-and-thc
after 2.5–3.5 hours. One study suggests that the type of edible affects the
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https
time it takes to feel the effect, with hard candies kicking in quicker. %3A%2F%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2Ftrees%2
• Topical: Transdermal patches allow the ingredients to enter the body over Fcomments%2F35aux0%2Fthc_molecule_wall
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a prolonged period. This steady infusion can benefit people who are using =AOvVaw3zGKGoCsWJWMn5vMGgEPvd&us
cannabis to treat pain and inflammation. t=1620962614065000&source=images&cd=vf
e&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCKiOoYvuxfACFQAA
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 Molecular formula:
C17H21NO4
Structural formula:
2.
Cocaine

Effects
Cocaine has a very powerful stimulating effect on the nervous system. It raises levels
of dopamine, a neurotransmitter linked to pleasure, movement, and the brain’s
reward circuit.
Normally, neurons release dopamine in response to a pleasurable stimulus, such as Sources:
the smell of good food. Once the dopamine has passed on its message, it returns https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/article
inside the neuron, and the signal stops. s/234239#effects
Cocaine stops the dopamine from getting back into the neuron, so it accumulates
and continues to send the pleasurable message to the brain. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https
%3A%2F%2Fwww1.udel.edu%2Fchem%2FC46
The excess dopamine gives the user a feeling of enhanced well-being, euphoria, 5%2Fsenior%2Ffall00%2FDrugAddiction%2FCo
alertness, motor activity, and energy. caine.html&psig=AOvVaw2e_l-
The effects generally last between 15 and 30 minutes, but shorter with crack. Uc4SXElgMSGlvYNe8&ust=1620970247073000
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 Molecular formula:
C₁₁H₁₅NO₂
Structural formula:
3.
MDMA/
Ecstasy
Effects
MDMA is an illegal drug that has stimulant effects. It can also cause hallucinations.
Long-term effects
MDMA causes a surge of serotonin, after which the body will experience a depletion of this
“feel-good” neurotransmitter.
The brain can take days or weeks to replenish the serotonin. Side effects of moderate use can Sources:
persist for a week after using it. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/article
Some users continue to use the drug despite experiencing negative consequences. This s/297064
suggests MDMA has addiction potential, although researchers have not yet confirmed this.
Animal studies show that MDMA in moderate to high doses can damage nerve cells in the https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https
%3A%2F%2Fwww.shutterstock.com%2Fsearch
brain. %2Fmethylenedioxymethamphetamine&psig
Due to the altered sense of reality caused by MDMA use, people who have taken it can =AOvVaw3oyIHD9pkugvuMlRbSjRn-
make poor, risky, or even dangerous decisions without concern for the consequences. &ust=1620972146202000&source=images&cd
The often-added impurities, combined with the physical rigor of an all-night dance party =vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCLDNu6P-
experience, makes taking any form of MDMA significantly dangerous. xfACFQAAAAAdAAAAABAK
 Molecular formula:
C4H8O3
Structural formula:
4. GHB
(Gamma-
hydroxybutyric
acid)

Effects
GHB slows activity in the central nervous system, making users feel
groggy, sleepy, and potentially confused.
At low doses, GHB can cause nausea and vomiting. At higher doses, it
can cause loss of consciousness, seizures, difficulty seeing, and the Sources:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/article
inability to recall what happened when drugged. s/320409#types
GHB is easy to overdose on and is often manufactured in home “labs.” https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https
Consequently, victims may become extremely sick after being %3A%2F%2Fwww.shutterstock.com%2Fsearch
%2Fghb&psig=AOvVaw3EZNrTFst0Zxci_xWwq
drugged with GHB and it can be fatal. e3U&ust=1620972563486000&source=images
GHB is a colorless, odorless liquid so a victim may have no idea they &cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJiphNP_xfA
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have been drugged.
 Molecular formula:
C20H25N3O
Structural formula:
5. Lysergic
acid
diethylamide
(LSD)

Effects
Tolerance, or a need to increase the dose to achieve the desired response,
happens quickly. If a specific dose is taken every day for 3 consecutive days, by
the third day no reaction will occur.
LSD is not physically addictive, so physical withdrawal symptoms do not occur Sources:
after stopping use, but psychological addiction can develop. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/article
s/295966#long-term-effects
One of the dangers is that LSD can trigger a long-term psychotic state or induce
schizophrenia in susceptible individuals. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https
%3A%2F%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2FAmoled
Flashbacks, also known as hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD), backgrounds%2Fcomments%2Ffx7gls%2Flsd_
and severe disorientation can happen after only one dose. chemical_structure_1440x2560%2F&psig=AO
The reasons for this are unknown. vVaw3GhsmhJCWB3fYddoQqCah4&ust=162
0973643866000&source=images&cd=vfe&ve
d=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCMCnpcGExvACFQAAAA
AdAAAAABAD
 Molecular formula:
C21H24ClNO5
Structural formula:
6.
Heroin
What Are the Effects of Heroin? Long-term heroin use can lead to:
Short-term effects of heroin include: • Collapsed veins
• Euphoria • Insomnia
• A dry mouth • Infections of your heart lining and
• Warm, flushed skin valves
• Arms and legs that feel heavy • Skin infections like abscesses Sources:
https://www.webmd.com/mental-
• Upset stomach and vomiting and cellulitis
health/addiction/heroin-use
• Itching • A higher chance of getting HIV/AIDS,
• A fuzzy brain hepatitis B, and hepatitis C https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https
• Switching in and out of drowsiness • Liver and kidney disease %3A%2F%2Fwww.shutterstock.com%2Fsearch
(this is often called being “on the • Mental disorders %2Fdiacetylmorphine&psig=AOvVaw2RDyyIf
U5PESeGH4qwtKw5&ust=1620974950574000&
nod”) • Lung diseases like pneumonia and
source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFw
tuberculosis oTCKiPz_CIxvACFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
• Menstrual problems and miscarriage
 Molecular formula:
C17H19NO3
Structural formula:
7.
Morphine

Effects
As a narcotic drug, morphine is often abused for its pleasurable
effects. Those suffering from chronic pain have the potential to
misuse their medication, which increases their likelihood of
developing a substance use disorder. Sources:
https://www.addictioncenter.com/opiates/morphine/#:
Common effects of morphine include: ~:text=Morphine%20Effects%20and%20Abuse&text=Com
Euphoria mon%20effects%20of%20morphine%20include,Sleepiness
%20or%20unusual%20drowsiness
Pain relief
Sleepiness or unusual drowsiness https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2F
www.shutterstock.com%2Fsearch%2Fmorphine%2Bstruct
Reduced anxiety ure&psig=AOvVaw1gYK17Yk7RY2aHq-
False or unusual sense of well-being pG2zjO&ust=1620977284332000&source=images&cd=vf
Relaxed or calm feeling e&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCLD4qtqRxvACFQAAAAAdAAA
AABAD
 Molecular formula:
C13H16ClNO
Structural formula:
8.
Ketamine

Effects
Ketamine is an anesthetic that acts quickly to cause feelings of
relaxation. Victims may lose consciousness or be confused and
compliant. They might not remember what happened while under the
influence of the drug. Sources:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320409#si
Unlike most other date rape drugs, ketamine acts almost immediately. A gns-and-symptoms
victim may not have time to realize they have been drugged.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2F
At high doses, ketamine can cause breathing problems that may be www.istockphoto.com%2Fphoto%2Fstructural-model-of-
fatal. ketamine-gm636091416-
112651563&psig=AOvVaw0UnPUO7oAy60C7ee_7NIeZ&u
Ketamine comes as a white powder that may change the taste of st=1620977957144000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0C
someone’s drink. Consequently, perpetrators sometimes use it in strong- AIQjRxqFwoTCOCXnuGTxvACFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
tasting alcoholic beverages that may disguise the drug’s presence.
 Molecular formula:
C10H15N
Structural formula:
9.
Methamphetamine

Effects
People take methamphetamine for its pleasurable effects.
These include:
• increased attention
• higher levels of activity and talkativeness
• decreased appetite Sources:
• reduced fatigue https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/309287#w
hat-is-it
• a feeling of power and self-control
• a pleasurable sense of well-being or euphoria https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Ft
• There may also be: eens.drugabuse.gov%2Fblog%2Fpost%2Fmethampheta
mine-meth-just-
• faster breathing facts&psig=AOvVaw3M4Qs_ZaqTeng3ZpStqmyx&ust=16
• a fast or irregular heartbeat 20978797898000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjR
xqFwoTCNDG_eKWxvACFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
• higher blood pressure
• raised body temperature
 Molecular formula:
C19H28O2
Structural formula:
10.
Steroids
Possible Health Effects of Steroid Use:
• Increased risk of liver, kidney, and prostate cancer
• High blood pressure, which increases the chance of heart attack and stroke
• Abnormal cholesterol levels, which increase the chance of heart attack and
blood vessel disease
• Premature stopping of bone development and linear growth (height)
• Damage to the liver, including the formation of blood filled liver cysts that can Sources:
rupture, causing death https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-
• Acne hormones/steroid-and-hormone-abuse/health-effects-
of-steroids
• Increased risk of HIV and hepatitis because of risks from sharing needles
• In males: Baldness, breast formation, shrunken testicles, and the temporary https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2F
inability to father a child www.thoughtco.com%2Fsteroids-molecular-structures-
• In females: Decreased breast size, irregular menstrual cycles, and masculine 4054184&psig=AOvVaw3giSHhM_HtB9oR6ivPfs_i&ust=162
0979313489000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRx
appearance, particularly an enlarged clitoris, facial and body hair, and a deep qFwoTCKiS2JCZxvACFQAAAAAdAAAAABAb
voice