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Condensation Unit

This lab manual summarizes an experiment on a condensation unit conducted by Miss Atiya Sadiq at HITEC University in Taxila. The objectives are to study how boiling temperature changes with pressure, the effect of pressure on evaporation, and different types of condensation on different materials. The experiment measures temperatures, flow rates, and calculates heat transfer values during film condensation on copper and droplet condensation on gold surfaces.

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Muhammad Bin Riaz
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126 views7 pages

Condensation Unit

This lab manual summarizes an experiment on a condensation unit conducted by Miss Atiya Sadiq at HITEC University in Taxila. The objectives are to study how boiling temperature changes with pressure, the effect of pressure on evaporation, and different types of condensation on different materials. The experiment measures temperatures, flow rates, and calculates heat transfer values during film condensation on copper and droplet condensation on gold surfaces.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Bin Riaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab Manual

STUDY OF CONDENSATION UNIT


MISS ATIYA SADIQ

HITEC UNIVERSITY TAXILA 

Thermodynamics Lab ManualPrepared By: Miss Atiya Sadiq


HITEC University Taxila
Department Of Mechanical Engineering
Lab Manual

Study of Condensation Unit

Objectives:
a) Change in boiling temperature of a same fluid at different pressures.

b) Effect of pressure on vigorousness of evaporation process

c) Different type of condensation at different materials.

i. Drop condensation
ii. Film condensation
d) Calculating the Heat Flow Rate, Heat Flow Density and Coefficient of Heat
Transfer.

Theory:
 Condensation:
Condensation is the change of the physical state of matter from
gas phase into liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization. It can also be defined as
the change in the state of water vapor to liquid water when in contact with any
surface. When the transition happens from the gaseous phase into the solid phase
directly, the change is called deposition.
Condensation is initiated by the formation
of atomic/molecular clusters of that species within
its gaseous volume—like rain drop or snow-flake
formation within clouds—or at the contact
between such gaseous phase and a liquid or solid
surface.

Thermodynamics Lab ManualPrepared By: Miss Atiya Sadiq


Condensation commonly occurs when a vapor is cooled and/or compressed to
its saturation limit when the molecular density in the gas phase reaches its maximal
threshold. Vapor cooling and compressing equipment that collects condensed liquids
is called a "condenser”.

Condensation is of two types:


1. Film Condensation
2. Drop Condensation

 Film Condensation:
In film condensation, the surface is blanketed by a liquid film of
increasing thickness, and this “liquid wall” between solid surface and the vapor serves
as a resistance to heat transfer.

Thermal resistance is reduced through use of short vertical surfaces and horizontal
cylinders.

 Drop Condensation:
In drop wise condensation, however, the droplets slide down when
they reach a certain size, clearing the surface and exposing it to vapor. There is no
liquid film in this case to resist heat transfer.

As a result, heat transfer rates are more than 10 times larger in drop wise
condensation.

Thermodynamics Lab ManualPrepared By: Miss Atiya Sadiq


Apparatus:
 WL 230 Condensation unit.

Thermodynamics Lab ManualPrepared By: Miss Atiya Sadiq


Procedure:

1. Set the apparatus and turn on the machine.

2. Check all the things are in place and the instruments are clean and working.

3. Set the heater 2 to 90°C and the water jet pump to 0.3 bar.

4. Fully open cooling water valve.

5. Switch on heater and water jet pump.

6. Water temperature rises. And as due to water jet pump pressure decreases and
water starts boiling.

7. Keep the temperature so that water doesn’t boils excessively.

Thermodynamics Lab ManualPrepared By: Miss Atiya Sadiq


8. Cold water flow through the condensers pipes (4) and the steam when comes in
contact with them it loses its heat to the pipes and condenses with the pipes.

9. The type of condensation whether film or drop wise depends on the type of
material used.

10. We are using here copper and gold platted material, on copper Film type
condensation is observed while on gold drop wise condensation is seen.

11. Note down the temperatures, the flow rate of water for both condenser pipes
and the heat contents.

12. We are to calculate the heat flow rate (Q˙), heat flux (q˙) and the co-efficient of
heat transfer (α).

Observations and Calculations:


COPPER GOLD

Inlet temperature of cold water T1 T4

Outlet temperature of cold T2 T5


water
Surface temperature T3 T6

Flow rate of water F1 F2

 Steam temperature = T7
 Pressure = ____ Bar
 Heat Transfer = Q̇ = ṁ*Cp*ΔT (W)
 Heat Flux = q̇ = Q̇/A (W/m2)
 Heat Transfer Coefficient = α = Q·/[A(T7 – T3)] (kW/Km2)

Thermodynamics Lab ManualPrepared By: Miss Atiya Sadiq

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