Tapped Line Application
www.siemens.com/siprotec5
SIPROTEC 5 Application
Tapped Line Application
SIPROTEC 5 Application
Tapped Line Application
APN-003, Edition 1
Content
1 Tapped Line Application ......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Summary ................................................................................................................................................................ 3
1.2 Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.3 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................ 10
APN-003 2 Edition 1
SIPROTEC 5 Application
Tapped Line Application
1 Tapped Line Application
1.1 Summary
In order to supply small communities or facilities in sparsely populated, remote rural areas, tapped transmission lines
provide an attractive solution to the challenge to provide connections at minimum cost. Using a tapped line saves the
costs of building a sub-station at the point of connection together with those associated with the need to break the line.
Tapped line with transformer
Tapped line
Figure 1: Tapped lines (standard and with transfomer
Unfortunately a tap in the line greatly complicates the protection. Classical protection methods are less sensitive and less
selective. Distance protection cannot cover 100% of the line by zone adaptation. Even underreach teleprotection schemes
can initiate fast tripping for parts of the line.
Differential protection covers 100% of the line but is less sensitive because of tap load.
The situation is further complicated by the increasing use of distributed generation which can be connected to the system.
New protection technologies as well as advanced communication features provide intelligent solutions for this kind of
application. Full selectivity, a maximum of sensitivity, fast tripping and dissimilar redundancy are guaranteed.
1.2 Solution
Communication and local measurement
The key for an intelligent solution to protect a tapped line is communication between all corresponding line ends and
local measurement at the tapped line end.
SIPROTEC 5 devices support protection data interfaces which can be applied for differential protection
and distance protection as well.
Various Plug In modules and external converters offer communication via all kind of media (fiber optic,
communication networks, pilot wires).
Secure communication is ensured on all kind of media by various supervision features.
Ring topologies offer communication redundancy for higher availability
Edition 1 3 APN-003
SIPROTEC 5 Application
Tapped Line Application
Figure 2: Tapped lines with communication and local measurement
Reduced investment
A tapped line has to be covered by 3 measuring points. The number of line ends and therefore the number of required
protection devices depends on the distances between the measuring points. Two measuring points can be covered by one
SIPROTEC 5 device if the distance between both is below 500 meter. Thus only two SIPROTEC 5 devices are needed to
cover the protected area. The cost reduction is achieved by the integrated measurement of two 3-phase current inputs in
one device. Local current summation by internal measurement knots (see fig.) simplifies measurement of the differential
and summation currents for both protection principles (differential, distance)
Figure 3: Local measurement of two line ends with one device
APN-003 4 Edition 1
SIPROTEC 5 Application
Tapped Line Application
Busbar 1 Application: 1,5 circuit breaker scheme with tapped line
- Redundant line protection by distance (21+85) and differential element (87L)
- Local measurement of two line ends with one SIPROTEC 5 device
Tapped line Modular SW structure of SIPROTEC 5
V1
V2
Com.
MP
V3
VT-1ph 1
I1 FG Line FG Circuit breaker A-QA
I2 MP
I-3ph Σ V-1ph 25
I3 CT-3ph 1
A-QA
87 21 67N 50HS V-3ph
I4 STUB
52
87L 85 68 FL 50/51 I-3ph 50BF
V1
27 59 81 79
V2 MP
V-3ph
V3 VT-3ph 1
V4 Ctrl
B-QA
52 BI
CB
CI PI BO
I1
I2 MP
I3 CT-3ph 2
I4 FG Circuit breaker B-QA
MP
V4 V-1ph 25
VT-1ph 2
V-3ph
C-QA I-3ph 50BF
52
79
Teleprotection (85) can use
conventional signalling or serial Ctrl
protection interface
BI
CB
Power line 2 BO
SIPROTEC 5
FG Function group 21 Distance protection
MP Measuring point 25 Synchrocheck, synchronizing function
Busbar 2 PI Protection interface 27 Undervoltage protection
CI Communication interface 50/51 Overcurrent protection, phases, ground
CB Circuit breaker 50HS High speed instantaneous overcurrent protection
Σ Summation of currents 50BF Circuit-breaker failure protection
BI Binary input 59 Overvoltage protection
BO Binary output 67N Directional overcurrent protection for ground
faults in grounded systems
68 Power-swing blocking
79 Automatic reclosing
81 Frequency protection
85 Teleprotection schemes for 21 and/or 67N
87L Differential protection, line
87STUB STUB Differential protection
Ctrl Control
FL Fault locator
Figure 4: Application template of SIPROTEC 5 for breaker-and-a-half schemes with tapped line
Tapped line protected by differential protection (87)
Applying differential protection an 100% line coverage is ensured by the protection principle which needs CTs only (Fig.2
and Fig.3). The protected area is defined by the position of the CTs. The principle is stable under all kind of in-feed
conditions at the line ends. Clear decisions regarding external and internal faults are guaranteed even if faults occur close
to the CTs.
High speed tripping
The SIPROTEC 5 differential protection provides high speed tripping down to 9ms (50Hz) using high speed contacts
(option). Line faults can be cleared by 1-pole or 3-pole tripping (depends on device type).
Edition 1 5 APN-003
SIPROTEC 5 Application
Tapped Line Application
Maximum of sensitivity and stability
The maximum of sensitivity is kept by the “Adaptive Algorithm” which compensates CT errors and influences caused by
the communication. Even with integrated measurement of two 3-phase current inputs in one device the maximum of
stability is achieved by compensation of errors for each CT separately.
High capacitive charging currents on long lines and cables (option, VTs needed) can be compensated by the “Capacitive
Charging Current Compensation”. This optional sub function of the differential protection can be selected within the
function library in DIGSI. Note: This option will be charged by function points.
Tapped line with transformer
Extended investment in separate transformer protection devices can be saved just by selecting the sub function
“Transformer in the protection zone” (option of differential protection) within the function library in DIGSI. Only a few
additional transformer settings are necessary (vector group, power, voltage levels). Note: This option will be charged by
function points.
1.2.1 Tapped line protected by differential protection (87)
Applying differential protection an 100% line coverage is ensured by the protection principle which needs CTs only (Fig.2
and Fig.3). The protected area is defined by the position of the CTs. The principle is stable under all kind of in-feed
conditions at the line ends. Clear decisions regarding external and internal faults are guaranteed even if faults occur close
to the CTs.
High speed tripping
The SIPROTEC 5 differential protection provides high speed tripping down to 9ms (50Hz) using high speed contacts
(option). Line faults can be cleared by 1-pole or 3-pole tripping (depends on device type).
Maximum of sensitivity and stability
The maximum of sensitivity is kept by the “Adaptive Algorithm” which compensates CT errors and influences caused by
the communication. Even with integrated measurement of two 3-phase current inputs in one device the maximum of
stability is achieved by compensation of errors for each CT separately.
High capacitive charging currents on long lines and cables (option, VTs needed) can be compensated by the “Capacitive
Charging Current Compensation”. This optional sub function of the differential protection can be selected within the
function library in DIGSI. Note: This option will be charged by function points.
Tapped line with transformer
Extended investment in separate transformer protection devices can be saved just by selecting the sub function
“Transformer in the protection zone” (option of differential protection) within the function library in DIGSI. Only a few
additional transformer settings are necessary (vector group, power, voltage levels). Note: This option will be charged by
function points.
1.2.2 Tapped line protected by distance protection
Applying distance protection for tapped lines an 100% line coverage can be achieved by using distance teleprotection
functions. Please note that VTs are needed for applying distance protection. In most cases a weak in-feed is present at one
line end. Thus weak in-feed elements are needed additionally. Note: Additional weak in-feed elements will be charged by
function points separately.
High speed tripping
The SIPROTEC 5 distance protection provides high speed tripping down to 10ms (50Hz) using high speed contacts
(option). Line faults can be cleared by 1-pole or 3-pole tripping (depends on device type).
APN-003 6 Edition 1
SIPROTEC 5 Application
Tapped Line Application
Applicable teleprotection functions
Two different function principles are recommended. Communication can be applied using the protection data interfaces
as well as power line carrier. If a differential protection is used in parallel please do not use the same protection data
interfaces for the teleprotection to ensure communication redundancy.
1km T 10km
4km
Figure 5: Example: Tapped line protected by distance protection
Blocking
The local trip is initiated by pickup in Z1B (overreach forward zone) when no remote line end detects a reverse failure. The
blocking channel prevents tripping at the remote line end in case of reverse failures.
Tripping at the weak in-feed end can be initiated via receiving a distance protection trip signal from one remote end. This
can be applied by a “weak in-feed trip element” or a “direct trip initiation”. Therefore a second communication channel is
needed.
Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip (POTT)
The local trip is initiated by pickup in Z1B (overreach forward zone) at all line ends. Therefore both remote pickups in Z1B
have to be received to release the local trip (logical AND).
A weak in-feed line end has to apply an “weak in-feed echo element” to release tripping at the remote line ends. If tripping
at the weak in-feed line end is required a “weak in-feed trip element” has to be applied.
Zone settings
The fast tripping zones Z1 and Z1B have to be configured according to the line and its tapped end.
Z1 is the independent tripping zone and has to avoid overreaching.
Recommendation: Z1 = 80% of the shortest remote end.
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SIPROTEC 5 Application
Tapped Line Application
A: 0,8 x (1 + 4) km = 4,0 km
B: 0,8 x (10 + 1) km = 8,8 km
C: 0,8 x (4 + 1) km = 4,0 km
A B
1km 10km
4km
Z1 standard settings
C
Figure 6: Standard settings example for zone Z1 (line partly covered)
Z1B is the fast tripping overreaching zone and has to cover the line including the tapped end.
Recommendation: Z1B = 120% of the most far remote end.
A: 1,2 x (1 + 10) km = 13,2 km
B: 1,2 x (10 + 4) km = 16,8 km
C: 1,2 x (4 + 10) km = 16,8 km
APN-003 8 Edition 1
SIPROTEC 5 Application
Tapped Line Application
A B
1km 10km
4km
Z1B standard settings
C
Figure 7: Standard settings example for zone Z1B (line fully covered)
1.2.3 Dissimilar redundancy by the 2in1 principle
A big commercial factor is the high availability of energy support. According to this redundant systems are required to
handle disturbances in the primary system and in the protection equipment.
Dissimilar redundancy can be achieved by two main protection functions based on different measurements, different
algorithms and different communication media. Both main functions are operating independently like two separate
devices. 7SL86 (3-pole tripping) and 7SL87 (1/3-pole tripping) are both 2in1 devices within the SIPROTEC 5 system and
support all functions to protect tapped lines with full redundancy.
Main1 / Main2 tripping modes:
Full parallel operation with concurrent tripping
Full parallel operation but with different tripping priority (CFC logic)
7SL86 (3-pole tripping), 7SL87 (1/3-pole tripping)
High speed tripping (½ power cycle) by Main1 and Main2
100% line coverage by Main1 and Main2
Different algorithms compensate specific weaknesses
Loss of communication link --> distance protection still active
Loss of voltage --> differential protection still active
Edition 1 9 APN-003
SIPROTEC 5 Application
Tapped Line Application
Different communication links guarantee highest availability
Two different protection data interfaces in one device allow differential protection and distance
protection the use of different media in parallel (fiber optic, communication networks, pilot wires).
The distance protection can also use power line carrier while the differential protection is still using the
protection data interface.
1.2.4 High level of functional integration
Another commercial factor is the high level of functional integration.
Protection and control of the tapped line can be applied without using separate devices for the control
functions. All control features are available in each SIPROTEC 5 device.
Various protection functions from the protection library provide comprehensive emergency and backup
protection solutions.
1.2.5 Ordering requirements
Required devices:
Differential protection only: 3-pole: 7SD84, 7SD86, 1/3-pole: 7SD87
Distance protection only: 3-pole: 7SA84, 7SA86, 1/3-pole: 7SA87
2in1: 3-pole: 7SL86 1/3-pole: 7SL87
Ordering code:
Significant feature according to the number of line ends --> ordering code 20th position
Plug In modules for protection data interfaces according to the existing media
Choose a HW option with 8I / 8U for close line ends (e.g. 100m) to save one device.
Assumption: A successful dimensioning of CTs, secondary wires and device burden.
Functional class:
Choose the functional class according to the expected application template and according to the total
scope of required functions.
1.3 Conclusion
SIPROTEC 5 is well suited for tapped line application.
All kinds of tapped lines (even with transformer) can be applied.
Extended hardware features and a various functional scope are saving investments.
Dissimilar redundancy in one device is given by distance and differential protection in parallel.
High level of functional integration provides a maximum of availability, comprehensive emergency and
backup solutions.
Protection and Control complement each other in parallel.
Great variety of communication options offer flexibility and allow cost optimized adaption to exisiting
communication infrastructure.
APN-003 10 Edition 1
SIPROTEC 5 Application
Tapped Line Application
Edition 1 11 APN-003
Published by
Siemens AG 2016
Energy Management Division
Digital Grid
Automation Products
Humboldtstr. 59
90459 Nuremberg, Germany
www.siemens.com/siprotec
For more information,
please contact our
Customer Support Center.
Tel.: +49 180 524 70 00
Fax: +49 180 524 24 71
(Charges depending on provider)
Email: [email protected]
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APN-003 12 Edition 1
