Dr. Ir. Ar. GIOSIA PELE WIDJAJA, ST., MT., IAI.

PROLOG

https://www.slideshare.net/PatrickHeinz/what-is-the-role-of-a-network-architect

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROLOG

https://easynirman.com/posts/qualities-to-search-in-an-architect

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

understanding
 UNDERSTANDING

Architectural programming ?

Architectural programming is the first stage of the architectural design process

in which :
• the relevan values of the client, user, architect, and society are identified;
• important project goal are articulated;
• facts about project are uncovered and
• facility need are made explicit.
Robert G. Hershberger (1999),
Architectural Programming and
Predesign Manager, New York –
McGraw Hill

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 UNDERSTANDING

Architectural programming ?

Architectural programming is the key to successful design.

It is the crucial process of gathering, organizing, and assessing

a client's building-use information.

This process includes :

• design concepts and program objectives ...
• staff and employee projections ...
• current and future space requirements ...
• adjacencies and relationships ...
• equipment and utility requirements ...
• project cost ... and more.
Robert M. Kumlin, (1995),
Architectural Programming: Creative
Techniques for Design Professionals,
New York – McGraw Hill

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 UNDERSTANDING

Architectural programming ?

Architectural programming is the

research and decision-making process
that defines the problem to be solved by design.

Architectural programming began when architecture began

Edith Cherry (1998),
Programming for Design: From
Theory to Practice, New York –
John Wiley & Sons

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 UNDERSTANDING

Architectural programming ?

Architectural programming is a process leading to the statement of

an architectural problem and the requirements
to be met in offering a solution.”

William M. Pena & Steven A. Parshall

(2001), Problem Seeking : An Architectural
Programming Primer, New York – John
Willey & Sons

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 UNDERSTANDING

The way of thinking

Programmer Designer

PROGRAMMING DESIGN

Programming is Design is
PROBLEM SEEKING PROBLEM SOLVING
Stating the problem is the last step in it is also the first step in problem solving
problem seeking

Programming is Design is
ANALYSIS SYNTHESIS
William M. Pena & Steven A. Parshall
(2001), Problem Seeking : An Architectural Successful programming relies on analysis Successful design relies on synthesis
Programming Primer, New York – John
Willey & Sons

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 UNDERSTANDING

The way of thinking

general

Programmer
Vision & Mission
Goals
Performance Requirement
Programming Concept
PROGRAMMING
DESIGN
Design Concepts
Object Specifications

Designer
Material Specifications
Buit Form

specific

Hafsa Ramza Alomari et.a. / Procedia –

Social and Behavioral Sciences 102 (2013)
368-385

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 UNDERSTANDING

Approaches to architectural programming

Design-Based (D-B) Knowledge-Based (K-B)
Architectural Pogramming Architectural Pogramming

• Programming by design • Programming by utilized research in actual programming practice

• Architect & client meet to discuss the client’s design • Especially useful on large, complex, or innovative projects, when no
problem and the architect takes notes as the discussion one has a clear graps of the project requirements (prisons, hospital,
proceeds. airport, research facilty, etc.).
• Architectural problem cannot be fully understood prior to • Bring to bear all currently available knowledge on the design
design; thus any definition of the problem is premature until problem. The information gained from the various research
the design is completed . approaches (systimatical procedures) is assembled that attempts to
cover all of the human requirements.

Agreement-Based (A-B) Value-Based (V-B)

Architectural Pogramming Architectural Pogramming

• Programming by group develop participatory • Programming by the nature of the design problem for importance
• The client, users and architect agree in the nature and scope values in architecture (context, space/environment, climate,
of the problem before design commences. technology, social implication & tradition).
• Use the problem seeking matrix (4 values : function, form • Introduce an examinatiosn of the fundamental nature of the design
economy, time & 5 information areas : goals, facts, problem into the earliest stage of arch. prog.
concepts, needs and problem statement). • The clients and users to set forth both their programmatic and
design ideas for the project so that the designer will have benefit of
their unique perspective.
• Use systematical procedures (from K-B) & The problem seeking
matrix (from A-B)

Robert G. Hershberger (1999), Architectural Programming and Predesign Manager, New York – McGraw Hill

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 UNDERSTANDING

Framework of architectural programming

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

process
 UNDERSTANDING

Note: Flowchart of architectural programming Process

Programming is heuristic :
steps are not rigorously
sequential, and information
is hardly ever precise or
complete. 1.
Researching the
project background Functions &
William M. Pena & Steven A. Parshall Activities
Define
(2001), Problem Seeking : An Architectural Human &
Site & the design Problem
Programming Primer, New York – John Social
2. Context
Willey & Sons Identifying Goals
Facilities Ordinance
Relationship
Requirement of Project
Cost
3.
Gathering & Analyzing
Information
Social Archieving Goal of
Environment Design Principle
4. User &
Identifying Activities Building
Programmatic Strategies Space
User Use for Design
Behavior

5.
Establishing Quantitative Psychological
Requirements Design Solution

Structured & modified based on : 6.

• Edith Cherry (1998), Programming for Synthesizing Design Design Criteria Determining
Design: From Theory to Practice, New Problem Statement Future State
York – John Wiley & Sons.
• www.researchgate.net/figure/General-
concept-of-architectural-programming-
stage

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING
process
Step 1: Researching the project background
 PROCESS

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING This step is necessary if the programmer is working on a project type for the first time.

1.
Researching the
project background The programmer should become familiar with some of the following relevant information:
• The building type
2.
Identifying Goals • The types of spaces frequently included in the building type,
Facilities
• The space criteria (number of square feet per person or unit) for those spaces,
3. • Typical relationships of spaces for these functions,
Gathering & Analyzing
Information • Typical ratios of net assignable square footage (NASF—areas that are assigned to a function)
to gross square footage (GSF—total area to the outside walls) for this building type,
4. • Typical costs per square foot for this building type,
Identifying
Programmatic Strategies • Typical site requirements for the project type,
• Context and Regional issues that might alter the accuracy of the data above in the case of
5. this project, and
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements • Technical, mechanical, electrical, security, or other issues unique to the project type.
• and more…
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement

This information can be obtained from literature on the building type, analysis of plans of existing
Design Criteria projects, expert consultants familiar with the building type, and/or cost estimating services.

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

PROJECT TYPE SPA 4 PROJECT

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
HOTEL
Definisi
Klasifikasi / Tipologi
1. Persyaratan2* Etc.
Researching the
project background • TEORI HOTEL MULTI FUNGSI • PRESEDEN
• N.S.P.M. Definisi • TREND
Fungsi2 kombinasi
2.
Persyaratan2* Etc.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
HOTEL MULTI FUNGSI
BINTANG 2
3. Definisi
Gathering & Analyzing
Information
Persyaratan2* SITE
CONTEXT Pengguna
Kriteria desain
4. Konteks KBU
Identifying Konteks Bandung
Programmatic Strategies Konteks Dago

5.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements

DESIGN
6.
Synthesizing Design
Aspek Geografis & lingkungan
Aspek Tata Ruang
ISSUES
Problem Statement Aspek Kepariwisataan
Aspek Regulasi / Peraturan
Aspek sos-ek-bud
Aspek historis
Design Criteria Aspek psikologis,dll

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS
SPA 4 PROJECT
ARCHITECTURAL Compitetors
PROGRAMMING

1.
Researching the
project background

2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities

3.
Gathering & Analyzing
Information

4.
Identifying
Programmatic Strategies

5.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements

6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement

Design Criteria
Data observation by SPA4 - E Class

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS
SPA 4 PROJECT
ARCHITECTURAL Compitetors
PROGRAMMING

1.
Researching the
project background

2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities

3.
Gathering & Analyzing
Information

4.
Identifying
Programmatic Strategies

5.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements

6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement

Design Criteria

Mapping Analysis by SPA4 - E Class

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

From design issue to design consideration SPA 4 PROJECT

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE 1

1.
my idea is …
Researching the
project background

ACTIVITIES AMENITIES ATMOSFER

2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities

3.
Gathering & Analyzing
Information ADDED (COMBINE) ADDED VALUE DIFFERENTIATION POSITIONING
FACILITIES → (20 room unit + UNIQNESS EXCLUSIVE
4. “HIGH SPEED” facilities → ONE & ONLY Design
Identifying MONEY MACHINE consideration
Programmatic Strategies
MORE EXPENSIVE

5.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements
context
(High) Land Value Competitors
Vs DESIGN
ECONOMIC ISSUES - So many
6. Project type (Low) hotel - Bigger
Synthesizing Design
capacity
ISSUES
(property business) - More complete
Problem Statement
(20 room unit) - More luxurious
site

Design Criteria

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS
SPA 4 PROJECT
ARCHITECTURAL Cultural & Recreational Facilities
PROGRAMMING

1.
Researching the
project background

2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities

3.
Gathering & Analyzing
Information

4.
Identifying
Programmatic Strategies

5.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements

6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement

Design Criteria
Data observation by SPA4 - E Class

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS
SPA 4 PROJECT
ARCHITECTURAL Culinary Facilities
PROGRAMMING

1.
Researching the
project background

2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities

3.
Gathering & Analyzing
Information

4.
Identifying
Programmatic Strategies

a lot of more…
5.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements

6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement

Design Criteria
Data observation by SPA4 - E Class

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

From design issue to design consideration SPA 4 PROJECT

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE 2

1.
my idea is …
Researching the
project background

ACTIVITIES AMENITIES ATMOSFER

2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities

3.
Gathering & Analyzing
Information LINK & MATCH ADDED SELLABLE & HOTEL AS A CULTURAL
FACILITIES PROFITABLE PROMOTION MEDIA
4. to other cultural - cultural – recreational Functionally Design
Identifying recreational facilities Appearance consideration
Programmatic Strategies
facilities in the hotel

5.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements
context
Cultural &
recreational DESIGN Cultural Tourism
CULTURAL-TOURISM promotion
6. Project type facilities as a
Synthesizing Design
tourist attraction
ISSUES
ISSUES weakness
Problem Statement

site

Design Criteria

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

ARCHITECTURAL Research project background

PROGRAMMING
RESULT / FINDINGS
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS DESAIN VISION DESIGN THEME (?)
1.
Researching the
Based on Issue 1:
idea &
project background
SCENARIO
2.
DESIGN APPROACH
Identifying Goals selection
Facilities

Pragmatic Design
3.
Gathering & Analyzing
Information Iconic Design

4.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Analogy Design
Identifying
Programmatic Strategies Based on Issue 2: idea
Canonic Design
5.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements

DESIGN
6.
Synthesizing Design ISSUES
Problem Statement

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Based on Issue etc… idea
Design Criteria Etc… Geoffrey Broadbent (1973), The Design In
Architecture, New York: John Willey & Sons

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

ARCHITECTURAL Research project background DESAIN VISION SPA 4 PROJECT

PROGRAMMING
RESULT / FINDINGS Art gallery
(exhibition)
Sensational &
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Cultural - (Art) theatre
1.
anti-mainstream
Based on Issue 1: Entertainment
Researching the
Economic idea BOUTIQUE
project background Amusement/
property business (HOTEL)
RESORT playground
Added (combine) facilities →
2. “high speed” money machine
Identifying Goals
Facilities Added value Anti-mainstream
(20 room unit + facilities → more expensive Literature Review: luxurious pool
Differentiation • desain unik & out of the
3. Uniqness, one & only box → tidak tipikal hotel
Gathering & Analyzing
Information
Positioning pada umumnya Etnic café
Exclusive • Banyak ditemui di Kawasan
wisata, pusat bisnis dan
4. entertainment kota. Traffic Commercial specialize
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Identifying
idea pengunjung cukup tinggi. culinary resto
Programmatic Strategies Based on Issue 2:
Cultural Tourim • Desainnya lekat dengan
unsur budaya lokal. Co-working space
5. Link & match facilities • Tidak ada standar fasilitas
Establishing Quantitative To other cultural - recreational facilities Convention
yang pasti/rigid.
Requirements
Added sellable & profitable • Menawarkan beragam (seminar/meeting/
Cultural – recreational facilities in the hotel fitur/ fasilitas pendukung Retail & Souvenir ceremonial events)
6.
Hotel as a cultural tourism promotion media lengkap sesuai target shop
Synthesizing Design Functionally, Appearance pengunjung dan momen Tourist information
Problem Statement tertentu. centre / hub
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS • destinasi staycation favorit
Based on Issue etc… idea • Desain instagramable
Etc… • Link industri pariwisata ACTIVITIES AMENITIES
Design Criteria

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

ARCHITECTURAL Research project background DESAIN VISION SPA 4 PROJECT

PROGRAMMING
RESULT / FINDINGS
Sensational &
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
1.
anti-mainstream
Based on Issue 1:
Researching the
Economic idea BOUTIQUE
project background
property business (HOTEL)
Added (combine) facilities → RESORT
2. “high speed” money machine
Identifying Goals
Facilities Added value
(20 room unit + facilities → more expensive Art gallery

Cultural - Entertainment
Differentiation (exhibition room)
3. Uniqness, one & only
Gathering & Analyzing
Positioning (Art) theatre
Information
Exclusive , anti-mainstream
Amusement/
4. playground
Identifying
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Programmatic Strategies Based on Issue 2: idea
Cultural Tourim Anti-mainstream
luxurious pool
5. Link & match facilities
Establishing Quantitative To other cultural - recreational facilities
Requirements Etnic café
Added sellable & profitable
Cultural – recreational facilities in the hotel specialize

Commercial
6.
Hotel as a cultural tourism promotion media culinary resto
Synthesizing Design Functionally, Appearance
Problem Statement Co-working space
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
idea Convention room
Based on Issue etc…
(seminar/meeting/
Design Criteria Etc…
ceremonial events) ATMOSFER Precedents / Trends

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 DESAIN VISION

(functional)
scenario
 PROCESS
SCENARIO

example

Source : Helen Angelica Npm 2016420031, SAA48

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS
SCENARIO

example

Source : Helen Angelica Npm 2016420031, SAA48

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS
SCENARIO

storyline

Source : Helen Angelica Npm 2016420031, SAA48

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

Source : Helen Angelica Npm 2016420031, SAA48

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

Source : Helen Angelica Npm 2016420031, SAA48

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

Source : Helen Angelica Npm 2016420031, SAA48

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

Source : Helen Angelica Npm 2016420031, SAA48

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING
process
Step 2 : Identifying Goals Facilities
 PROCESS

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING

DESAIN VISION
• What major functions will take
1.
Researching the project
place in the building? & • What is the total project budget?
background • How many people are to be • What is the attitude toward initial costs
accommodated? SCENARIO versus long-range operating and
• How might the building design maintenance costs?
enhance or impact occupant • What level of quality is desired (often
2.
Identifying Goals
interactions? stated in relation to other existing
Facilities projects)?
• What is the attitude toward
conservation of resources
• What should be the aesthetic function economic and sustainability (energy, water, etc.)?
3.
Gathering & Analyzing and psychological impact of goals goals
Information the design?
• How should it relate to the
surroundings?
4. • Should its image be similar to
Identifying or distinct from its neighbors?
• When is the project to be
Programmatic Strategies • From other buildings belonging
to the owner that are located
form & image time occupied?
goals goals • What types of changes are
elsewhere?
expected over the next 5, 10,
5. • Are there historic, cultural,
15, and 20 years?
Establishing Quantitative and/or context implications?
Requirements

GOALS
6.
Synthesizing Design
• What are the goals of the FACILITIES These goals are not so much
Problem Statement owners? an issue of the nature of the
• Where do they see their organizational management
project as they are the
organization headed? goals goals circumstances of the owner,
• How does this architectural clients, programmer, or
project fit into this broad architect
Design Criteria picture?

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Function Goal statements
• Multi-function facilities (hotel +
1.
cultural-entertainment + commercial)
Researching the project • Functionally unique, exclussive, anti-
background IDEA & DESIGN
mainstream
CONSIDERATIONS
• Traditional-etnic activities
• etc Added (combine) facilities →
2.
Identifying Goals “high speed” money machine
Facilities
Form Goal statements Added value
(20 room unit + facilities → more expensive
• Formly unique, exclusive,
3. Differentiation
anti-mainstream
Gathering & Analyzing Uniqness, one & only
Information
• Traditional-etnic (cultural)
Positioning
• Greeny (park hotel) Exclusive , anti-mainstream
• Prestigious & Highly aesthetic
4. • Instagramable & Sensational Link & match facilities
Identifying To other cultural - recreational facilities
Programmatic Strategies
atmosfer
• etc Added sellable & profitable
Cultural – recreational facilities in the hotel
Economy Goal statements
5. Hotel as a cultural tourism promotion media
Establishing Quantitative • Business & economically feasible Functionally, Appearance
Requirements • Profitable investment
• Easily rentable Etc…
• Promotable, etc.
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement Time Goal statements
• Changeable follow the trends
• etc
Design Criteria

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING
process
Step 3 : Gathering & Analyzing Information
 PROCESS

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING

Gathering & analyzing

1. Based upon the goals, the categories of relevant information can be determined
Researching the project and researched. INFORMATION
background

Typical categories include:

2.
Identifying Goals • Facility users, activities, and schedules: Who is doing what, how many
Facilities people are doing each activity, and when are they doing it?
• What equipment is necessary for activities to function properly? What is the
3. size of the equipment?
Gathering & Analyzing
Information • What aspects of the project need to be projected into the future? What is
the history of growth of each aspect that requires projection?
4. • What are the space criteria (square feet per person or unit) for the functions
Identifying to take place?
Programmatic Strategies
• What other design criteria may affect architectural programming: access to
daylight, acoustics, accessibility, campus/area design guidelines, historic
5. preservation, etc.?
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements • Are there licensing or policy standards for minimum area for various
functions? What are these standards?
GOALS
6. • What are the energy usage and requirements?
Synthesizing Design FACILITIES
Problem Statement
• What code information may affect programming decisions?

Design Criteria

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING

Duerk, D.P. 1993, Architectural

Sanoff, H 1977, Methods of
Gathering & analyzing programming : information
1.
Researching the project
architectural programming,
Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross,
INFORMATION management for design, Van
Nostrand Reinhold,
background Stroudsburg, PA New York
MODEL
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities

3.
Gathering & Analyzing
Information

4.
Identifying
Programmatic Strategies

5.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements

6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement

Design Criteria

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING

Gathering & analyzing

1. Pena’s
Researching the project INFORMATION
background Model
MODEL
2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities ENVIRONMENT
Name TYPE
Pictures
3. Properties Road
Gathering & Analyzing Location Building
Information Count’ Site
Geometry Natural resource
Area Room
Department
4. Adjacent environment
Identifying Cost (budget)
Programmatic Strategies Growth
Type (exixting, projected)
Users place

5. ACTIVITY
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements HUMAN GROUP
Name
Pictures
Name Scope (existing-projected)
6. Pictures Determinant
Synthesizing Design Properties Facility (s)
Problem Statement Number Security type
Adjacent human groups Adjacent activities
Growth Growth
Type (Client, User) Potential activities to mix with
Physical characteristics Privacy
Design Criteria Intellectual characteristics Segregation (other activities)
Emotional characteristics Users Pena, W and Parshall, S 2001, Problem seeking : an
architectural programming primer, John Wiley, New York

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS
Activity Man (User) Site Standard
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
USER CONTEXT SITE PERFORMANCE
ACTIVITY
Cultural CRITERIA
User Activities Name Climate
Spaces Number Demographic Codes Upper range
Adjacent activities Description Economical Site condition Lower range
1. Ethical
Users Activity analysis Traffic levels Unit
Researching the project Ethnic
Needs Age group
background Historical
Description Anthropometrics NUMERICAL CRITERIA
Disability Political
Env. History Social Simulation diagrams
2. ACTIVITY Number of people Corresponding attributes
Identifying Goals Perceptual abilities
Name
Facilities Personality ENVIRONMENT
Pictures Roles REQUIREMENT
Scope (existing-projected) Rules Name
Determinant Values Type
Pictures
3. Facility (s) Performance criteria
Properties
Gathering & Analyzing Security type description
HUMAN GROUP Location
Information Adjacent activities
Count’
Growth Name SIMULATION
Geometry
Potential activities to mix with Pictures Area
4. Privacy Properties Simulation diagrams
Adjacent environment
Identifying Segregation (other activities) Number Corresponding attributes
Cost (budget)
Programmatic Strategies Users Adjacent human groups Growth
Growth Type (exixting, projected)
Type (Client, User) Users place TYPE
Physical characteristics
5. Intellectual characteristics
Road
Establishing Quantitative Emotional characteristics
Building
Requirements Site
Natural resource
NEED Room
What Department
6.
Synthesizing Design Whom
Problem Statement Why
Where
When
Activity
Requirements
Design Criteria Description

DATA UNITS

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING

1.
Researching the project
background

2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities

3.
Gathering & Analyzing
Information

4.
Identifying
Programmatic Strategies

5.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements

6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement

Design Criteria
Design Criteria

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING • Site analysis: the site is always a major aspect of the design problem and therefore should be
included in the program. Site analysis components that often affect design include:
• Legal description
1. • Zoning, design guidelines, and deed restrictions and requirements
Researching the project
background • Traffic (bus, automobile, and pedestrian) considerations
• Utility availability (a potentially high cost item)
2.
Identifying Goals
• Topography
Facilities • Views
• Built features
3.
Gathering & Analyzing • Climate (if not familiar to the designer)
Information
• Vegetation and wildlife

4.
Identifying • Client's existing facility as a resource
Programmatic Strategies
• If the client is already participating in the activities to be housed in the new facility, it may
be possible to make use of information at hand. Determine if the existing facility is
5. satisfactory or obsolete as a resource.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements • If a floor plan exists, do a square foot take-off of the areas for various functions. Determine
the building efficiency (the ratio of existing net-to-gross area). This ratio is useful in
establishing the building efficiency target for the new facility.
6.
Synthesizing Design • If the client is a repeat builder (school districts, public library, public office building, etc.),
Problem Statement obtain plans and do area take-offs; determine typical building efficiencies.
• Use the existing square footages for comparison when you propose future amounts of
space. People can relate to what they already have. (See illustration above in Step 5,
Design Criteria Determine quantitative requirements.)

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING
process
Step 4 : Identifying Programmatic Strategies
 PROCESS

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING

1.
Researching the project
background

2. Programmatic strategies suggest a way to accomplish the goals given what one now
Identifying Goals knows about the opportunities and constraints.
Facilities

3.
Gathering & Analyzing A familiar example of a programmatic strategy is the relationship or "bubble" diagram.
Information
These diagrams indicate what functions should be near each other in order for the project to function
smoothly.
4.
Identifying
Programmatic Strategies
Relationship diagrams can also indicate :
5. • the desired circulation connections between spaces,
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements • what spaces require security or audio privacy, or
• other aspects of special relationships.
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement

Design Criteria

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Other types of strategies recur in programs for many different types of projects.

1.
Researching the project
background
Common categories of programmatic strategies include:

• Centralization and decentralization: What function components are grouped

2.
Identifying Goals together and which are segregated? For example, in some offices the copying function is
Facilities centralized, while in others there are copiers for each department.

3. • Flexibility: What types of changes are expected for various functions? Do facilities need to
Gathering & Analyzing
Information
change over a period of a few hours? A few days? A summer recess? Or is an addition what is
really needed?
4.
Identifying • Flow: What goods, services, and people move through the project? What is needed at each
Programmatic Strategies step of the way to accommodate that flow?

5. • Priorities and phasing: What are the most important functions of the project? What could
Establishing Quantitative be added later? Are there ongoing existing operations that must be maintained?
Requirements

• Levels of access: Who is allowed where? What security levels are there?
6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement

Ideally, each of the goals and objectives identified in Step 2 will have some sort of
strategy for addressing that goal. Otherwise, either the goal is not very important, or
Design Criteria
more discussion is required to address how to achieve that goal or objective.

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS
SPA 4 PROJECT
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING

1.
Researching the project
background

2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities

3.
Gathering & Analyzing
Information

4.
Identifying
Programmatic Strategies

5.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements

6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement

Alt 1. Presentation Technique Alt 2. Presentation Technique

Design Criteria

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS
SPA 4 PROJECT
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING

1.
Researching the project
background

2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities

3.
Gathering & Analyzing
Information

4.
Identifying
Programmatic Strategies

5.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements

6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement

Design Criteria

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

Transformation from spatial adjacent buble

diagram to spatial structure

Spatial Adjacent Spatial structure Spatial structure + space dimension

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 UNDERSTANDING
Service maintenance
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING Spatial structure
Loundry
Refuse
linen Control
Staff
lockers store
1. /toilet
Researching the project
background office Kitchen Store
Tech
Area
Staff
dinning Staff Kitchen
2.
kitchen
Identifying Goals Maintenance
Facilities

Room

Bedroom
Service
3. service

service
Gathering & Analyzing Privat
Furniture
Information Kitchen & Drink room
Wash up beverage store
service

4. Service
Coffee shop Restaurant banqueting Privat
Identifying lift
room
Programmatic Strategies
Public
lift
bar lounge bar Pre-function bar
5.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements
Cloak

reception
toilet toilet
Bedroom

room
6. admin lobby
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
shop
bag
Public area (Front Of the House)

Service area (Back Of the House)

Design Criteria Guest entrance
Mickey L. Palmer (1981) Architect's Guide to Facility
Programming, New York : A McGraw-Hill publication

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING
process
Step 5 : Establishing Quantitative Requirements
 PROCESS

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Movement comfort Visual comfort Mental comfort
• Activities movement • Natural lighting • Privacy
• Circulation movement • Artificial lighting • Territoriality
1. • etc • Color & texture, etc • Social interaction, etc
Researching the project
background

Audial comfort
2. • Quite / noise Audial comfort
Identifying Goals • Sound isolation
Facilities • Acoustic solution, etc idea
3.
Gathering & Analyzing Thermal comfort
Information • Ventilation Space Design
•
•
Thermal conditioning
etc Requirements
4.
Identifying
Programmatic Strategies
Space dimension
5. components
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements

6.
Synthesizing Design Architectural &
Problem Statement Technical standard

Design Criteria

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS
EXAMPLE : HOTEL FRONT OFFICE
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING

https://setupmyhotel.com/train-my-hotel-staff/front-office-training/778-stages-of-check-in-procedure.html

1.
Researching the project
background

2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities

3.
Gathering & Analyzing
Information

4.
Identifying
Programmatic Strategies

5.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements

6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement

Design Criteria

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

ARCHITECTURAL
EXAMPLE : HOTEL FRONT OFFICE idea
PROGRAMMING
Template
Space Design Requirments Space Area & spatial layout
Space
1. No Activity Human standard
Objects Movement Visual Audial Thermal Mental
Researching the project Requirement Quantitative
background Comfort Comfort Comfort Comfort Comfort
1 Users Furniture

2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities
Number of Utility
People Simulation
L x W x T …m
3. drawing in 2D
Area (…m2)
Gathering & Analyzing & 3D
Information
Aesthetic
Object
4. Characteritic
Identifying
Time
Programmatic Strategies
2
Other activities
5.
Establishing Quantitative 3
Other activities
Requirements
etc
Other activities
6.
Simulation
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement
TOTAL AREA for hotel front office activities drawing for … m2
total spaces

Design Criteria
Repeat this technique for all of Hotel function and activities

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
Summary format example

1.
Researching the project
background

2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities

3.
Gathering & Analyzing
Information

4.
Identifying
Programmatic Strategies

5.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements

6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement

Design Criteria

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING
process
Step 6 : Synthesizing Design Problem Statement
 PROCESS

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING

1.
Researching the project
background

2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities

3.
Gathering & Analyzing
Information

4.
Identifying
Programmatic Strategies

5.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements

6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement

Design Criteria

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 PROCESS

ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING

1.
Researching the project
background

2.
Identifying Goals
Facilities

3.
Gathering & Analyzing
Information

4.
Identifying
Programmatic Strategies

5.
Establishing Quantitative
Requirements

6.
Synthesizing Design
Problem Statement

Design Criteria

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 but….we have to do !!!

Architectural programming is the key to successful design.

Robert M. Kumlin, (1995), Architectural Programming: Creative Techniques for Design Professionals, New York – McGraw Hill

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Architectural Programming: Creative Techniques for Design Professionals by R. Kumlin. New

York, NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1995.
• Architectural Programming, Information Management for Design by D.P. Duerk. New York,
NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993.
• Problem Seeking: An Architectural Programming Primer, 5th Edition by William M. Peña and
Steven A. Parshall. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012.
• Professional Practice in Facility Programming by W.F.E. Preiser. New York, NY: Van Nostrand
Reinhold, 1993.
• Programming for Design : From Theory to Practice by E. Cherry. New York, NY: John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., 1998.
• Programming the Built Environment by W.F.E. Preiser. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold,
1985 ed.
• "Values: A Theoretical Foundation for Architectural Programming" in Programming the Built
Environment by R. Hershberger. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985.

STUDIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR – Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI. / 081388818882 / [email protected]
 STUDIIO PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR 4
Dr. Ir. Ar. Pele Widjaja, ST. MT. IAI.

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