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Chapter 1 Temperature and Thermometers

1. Temperature is a measure of the degree of heat of an object. A thermometer is an instrument used to measure temperature. 2. The Celsius temperature scale is defined using the freezing point of water as 0°C and the boiling point of water as 100°C, with the range divided into 100 equal intervals called degrees Celsius. 3. Thermometers make use of temperature-dependent properties of materials, such as the expansion of liquids or metals. They are calibrated by matching the temperature-dependent readings to known temperatures to establish a linear relationship between the readings and temperature.

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629 views4 pages

Chapter 1 Temperature and Thermometers

1. Temperature is a measure of the degree of heat of an object. A thermometer is an instrument used to measure temperature. 2. The Celsius temperature scale is defined using the freezing point of water as 0°C and the boiling point of water as 100°C, with the range divided into 100 equal intervals called degrees Celsius. 3. Thermometers make use of temperature-dependent properties of materials, such as the expansion of liquids or metals. They are calibrated by matching the temperature-dependent readings to known temperatures to establish a linear relationship between the readings and temperature.

Uploaded by

Zhu Jiankun
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Chapter 1 Temperature and Thermometers

1.1 Temperature and the temperature scale


A Temperature and the temperature scale

1 Temperature is a measure of the degree of _______________ of an object.

2 A _______________ is an instrument to measure temperature.

3 A temperature scale is defined by choosing two temperatures as __________________

and dividing the range in-between into equal divisions called _______________.

4 The __________________ temperature scale is defined as follows:

(a) ____________ point (b) ____________ point


lower fixed point upper fixed point
0 C 100 C
temperature of pure temperature of steam over

____________ ice pure ____________ water

(c) divided into ________ degrees Celsius ( C)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 C

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 1 Lesson Worksheets 1


Oxford University Press 2015
1.2 Thermometers
A Thermometers and the temperature-dependent properties

1 All thermometers make use of _________________-dependent properties of materials.

Type of thermometer Temperature-dependent property

______________ of liquid

(a) Liquid-in-glass thermometer T

liquid

______________ of bimetallic strip

expand ________
copper
(b) Rotary thermometer T

iron expand ________

Intensity of _______________________
(c) Infra-red thermometer
T intensity ____

______________ of metal
(d) Resistance thermometer
T resistance ____

Resistance of ______________
(e) Thermistor thermometer
T resistance ____

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 2 Lesson Worksheets 1


Oxford University Press 2015
B Calibration of a thermometer
1 In calibrating a thermometer, we match the temperature-dependent quantity to
temperature with a ____________ relationship.
* The actual relationship may not be ____________.

Checkpoint 1
(a) Construct a calibration graph for a liquid-in-glass thermometer by the following steps.
(i) Mark the points for the following data on the graph.

T100 T100

T0
21 cm
6 cm
T0

melting ice boiling water

(ii) Draw a straight line passing through the two points in (i).
L / cm

25

20

15

10

0 T/ C
20 40 60 80 100

(b) By using the graph, complete the table below.


Temperature / C 68 12
Length of liquid column / cm 9 24

(c) Find T when L is 5.0 cm mathematically.


By proportion,
T 0
=
100 0
T=

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 3 Lesson Worksheets 1


Oxford University Press 2015
Checkpoint 2
A platinum wire is used in a resistance thermometer. The graph below shows how the
resistance R of the wire varies with temperature T.
R/

160

140

120

100

80

T/ C
0 20 40 60 80 100

(a) The thermometer is then put in melting ice and boiling water for calibration. If a linear
resistance-temperature relationship is assumed, how does the calibration graph look?
Draw the graph in the above figure.
(b) The reading of the calibrated thermometer is 40 C.
(i) What is the resistance of the wire when the measurement is taken?
(ii) Hence find the actual temperature.

Solution
(b) (i) The resistance of the wire is __________ .

(ii) The actual temperature is __________ C.

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 4 Lesson Worksheets 1


Oxford University Press 2015

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