RESEARCH ARTICLE

European Journal of Business and Management Research

www.ejbmr.org

Preparation of Papers for European Journal of Business

and Management Research (EJBMR)
First A. Author, Second B. Author, and Third C. Author

ABSTRAC
T
(Please read carefully abstract of the template). These instructions give you
guidelines for preparing papers for this journal. Paper Setup must be in A4 Submitted : October 1, 2020
size with Margin: Top 1.78 cm, Bottom 1.78 cm, Left 1.78 cm, Right 1.65 Published : October 30, 2021
cm, Gutter 0 cm, and Gutter Position Top. Paper must be in two Columns
ISSN: 2507-1076
after Authors Name with Width 8.59 cm, Spacing 0.51 cm. Whole paper
must be with: Font Name Times New Roman, Font Size 10, Line Spacing DOI: 10.24018/ejbmr.YEAR.VOL.ISSUE.ID
1.05 EXCEPT Abstract, Keywords (Index Term), Paper Tile, References,
Author Profile (in the last page of the paper, maximum 400 words), All F. A. Author*
Headings, and Manuscript Details (First Page, Bottom, left side). Paper National Institute of Standards and
Title must be in Font Size 20 with Single Line Spacing. Authors Name must Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.
be in Font Size 11, Before Spacing 0, After Spacing 16, with Single Line (e-mail: author@ boulder.nist.gov)
Spacing. Please do not write Author e-mail or author address in the place S. B. Author
of Authors name. Authors e-mail, and their Address details must be in the Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
Manuscript details. Abstract and Keywords (Index Term) must be in Font (e-mail: author@ lamar. colostate.edu)
T. C. Author
Size 9, Bold, Italic with Single Line Spacing. All MAIN HEADING must be
Electrical Engineering Department,
in Upper Case, Centre, and Roman Numbering (I, II, III…etc), Before University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
Spacing 12, After Spacing 6, with single line spacing. All Sub Heading must USA.
be in Title Case, Left 0.25 cm, Italic, and Alphabet Numbering (A, B, C… (e-mail: author@ nrim.go.jp)
etc), Before Spacing 6, After Spacing 4, with Single Line Spacing.
Manuscript Details must be in Font Size 8, in the Bottom, First Page, and *Corresponding Author
Left Side with Single Line Spacing. References must be in Font Size 8,
Hanging 0.25 with single line spacing. Author Profile must be in Font Size
8, with single line spacing.

Keywords: About four key words or phrases in alphabetical order,

separated by commas.

I. INTRODUCTION B. Final Stage

Highlight a section that you want to designate with a When you submit your final version, after your paper has
certain style, then select the appropriate name on the style been accepted, prepare it in two-column format, including
menu. The style will adjust your fonts and line spacing. Do figures and tables.
not change the font sizes or line spacing to squeeze more C. Figures
text into a limited number of pages. Use italics for
emphasis; do not underline. As said, to insert images in Word, position the cursor at
To insert images in Word, position the cursor at the the insertion point and either use Insert | Picture | From File
insertion point and either use Insert | Picture | From File or or copy the image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit |
copy the image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit | Paste Special | Picture (with “Float over text” unchecked).
Paste Special | Picture (with “Float over text” unchecked). The authors of the accepted manuscripts will be given a
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND copyright form and the form should accompany your final
MANAGEMENT RESEARCH reserves the right to do the submission.
final formatting of your paper.
III. MATH
II. PROCEDURE FOR PAPER SUBMISSION If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation
Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com)
A. Review Stage
for equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New |
Submit your manuscript electronically for review. Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). “Float over
text” should not be selected.

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 RESEARCH ARTICLE
European Journal of Business and Management Research
www.ejbmr.org

IV. UNITS
Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units
are strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as
secondary units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in
data storage. For example, write “15 Gb/cm2 (100 Gb/in2).”
An exception is when English units are used as identifiers in
trade, such as “3½ in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and
CGS units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in
oersteds. This often leads to confusion because equations do
not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, Fig. 1. Magnetization as a function of applied field.
clearly state the units for each quantity in an equation.
The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m.
However, if you wish to use units of T, either refer to B. References
magnetic flux density B or magnetic field strength Number citations consecutively in square brackets [1].
symbolized as µ0H. Use the center dot to separate compound The sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple
units, e.g., “A·m2.” references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate brackets
[1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please give the
relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer simply to the
V. HELPFUL HINTS reference number, as in [3]. Do not use “Ref. [3]” or
“reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence:
A. Figures and Tables “Reference [3] shows ... .” Number footnotes separately in
Because the final formatting of your paper is limited in superscripts (Insert | Footnote).1 Place the actual footnote at
scale, you need to position figures and tables at the top and the bottom of the column in which it is cited; do not put
bottom of each column. Large figures and tables may span footnotes in the reference list (endnotes). Use letters for
both columns. Place figure captions below the figures; place table footnotes (see Table I).
table titles above the tables. If your figure has two parts, Please note that the references at the end of this document
include the labels “(a)” and “(b)” as part of the artwork. are in the preferred referencing style. Give all authors’
Please verify that the figures and tables you mention in the names; do not use “et al.” unless there are six authors or
text actually exist. Do not put borders around the outside more. Use a space after authors' initials. Papers that have not
of your figures. Use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at the been published should be cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers
beginning of a sentence. Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables that have been submitted for publication should be cited as
are numbered with Roman numerals. “submitted for publication” [5]. Papers that have been
Include a note with your final paper indicating that you accepted for publication, but not yet specified for an issue
request color printing. Do not use color unless it is should be cited as “to be published” [6]. Please give
necessary for the proper interpretation of your figures. affiliations and addresses for private communications [7].
Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for
words rather than symbols. As an example, write the proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published in
quantity “Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not just translation journals, please give the English citation first,
“M.” Put units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with followed by the original foreign-language citation [8].
units. As in Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization
(A/m)” or “Magnetization (A ¿ m1),” not just “A/m.” Do C. Abbreviations and Acronyms
not label axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are
example, write “Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.” used in the text, even after they have already been defined in
Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write the abstract. Abbreviations such as SI, ac, and dc do not
“Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (103 A/m).” Do have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate periods
not write “Magnetization (A/m)  1000” because the reader should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R. S.”
would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are
16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible, unavoidable (for example, “European Journal of Business
approximately 8 to 12 point type. and Management Research” in the title of this article).
D. Equations
TABLE I: THE ARRANGEMENT OF CHANNELS
Number equations consecutively with equation numbers
Channels Group 1 Group 2 … Group c
Main channel Channel 1 Channel 2 … Channel c in parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use
Assistant channel Channel 2 Channel 3 … Channel 1 the equation editor to create the equation. Then select the
“Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write the
equation number in parentheses. To make your equations
more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp
function, or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid

1
It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the
unnumbered footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to
integrate the footnote information into the text.

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 RESEARCH ARTICLE
European Journal of Business and Management Research
www.ejbmr.org

ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations when they intermetallic compound Ni0.5Mn0.5 whereas “Ni–Mn”
are part of a sentence, as in indicates an alloy of some composition NixMn1-x.
Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones
r2 “affect” (usually a verb) and “effect” (usually a noun),
∫0 F(r , ϕ ) dr dϕ=[ σr 2 ¿ (2 μ0 )] “complement” and “compliment,” “discreet” and “discrete,”
∞ “principal” (e.g., “principal investigator”) and “principle”
⋅∫ 0 exp (−λ|z j−z i| ) λ−1 J 1 ( λ r 2 ) J 0 ( λ r i ) dλ .
(e.g., “principle of measurement”). Do not confuse “imply”
(1) and “infer.”
Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and
Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been “"ultra” are not independent words; they should be joined to
defined before the equation appears or immediately the words they modify, usually without a hyphen. There is
following. Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature, no period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “et al.” (it
but T is the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or is also italicized). The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that is,”
“equation (1),” except at the beginning of a sentence: and the abbreviation “e.g.,” means “for example” (these
“Equation (1) is ... .” abbreviations are not italicized).
E. Other Recommendations An excellent style manual and source of information for
science writers is [9].
Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate
complex modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.”
Avoid dangling participles, such as, “Using (1), the potential
VII. EDITORIAL POLICY
was calculated.” [It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write
instead, “The potential was calculated by using (1),” or The submitting author is responsible for obtaining
“Using (1), we calculated the potential.” agreement of all coauthors and any consent required from
Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use sponsors before submitting a paper. It is the obligation of the
“cm3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm  authors to cite relevant prior work.
0.2 cm,” not “0.1  0.2 cm2.” The abbreviation for Authors of rejected papers may revise and resubmit them
“seconds” is “s,” not “sec.” Do not mix complete spellings to the journal again.
and abbreviations of units: use “Wb/m2” or “webers per
square meter,” not “webers/m2.” When expressing a range of
values, write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.” VIII. PUBLICATION PRINCIPLES
A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is The contents of the journal are peer-reviewed and
punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A archival. The European Journal of Business and
parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the parentheses.) Management Research publishes scholarly articles of
In American English, periods and commas are within archival value as well as tutorial expositions and critical
quotation marks, like “this period.” Other punctuation is reviews of classical subjects and topics of current interest.
“outside”! Avoid contractions; for example, write “do not” Authors should consider the following points:
instead of “don’t.” The serial comma is preferred: “A, B, 1) Technical papers submitted for publication must
and C” instead of “A, B and C.” advance the state of knowledge and must cite relevant
If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or prior work.
plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We 2) The length of a submitted paper should be
observed that ...” instead of “It was observed that ...”). commensurate with the importance, or appropriate to
Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not the complexity, of the work. For example, an obvious
English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to extension of previously published work might not be
proofread your paper. appropriate for publication or might be adequately
treated in just a few pages.
3) Authors must convince both peer reviewers and the
VI. SOME COMMON MISTAKES editors of the scientific and technical merit of a paper;
The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for the standards of proof are higher when extraordinary or
the permeability of vacuum µ0 is zero, not a lowercase letter unexpected results are reported.
“o.” The term for residual magnetization is “remanence”; 4) Because replication is required for scientific progress,
the adjective is “remanent”; do not write “remnance” or papers submitted for publication must provide sufficient
“remnant.” Use the word “micrometer” instead of “micron.” information to allow readers to perform similar
A graph within a graph is an “inset,” not an “insert.” The experiments or calculations and use the reported results.
word “alternatively” is preferred to the word “alternately” Although not everything need be disclosed, a paper
(unless you really mean something that alternates). Use the must contain new, useable, and fully described
word “whereas” instead of “while” (unless you are referring information. For example, a specimen's chemical
to simultaneous events). Do not use the word “essentially” composition need not be reported if the main purpose of
to mean “approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the a paper is to introduce a new measurement technique.
word “issue” as a euphemism for “problem.” When Authors should expect to be challenged by reviewers if
compositions are not specified, separate chemical symbols the results are not supported by adequate data and
by en-dashes; for example, “NiMn” indicates the critical details.

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 RESEARCH ARTICLE
European Journal of Business and Management Research
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[9] M. B. Kasmani, “A Socio-linguistic Study of Vowel Harmony in Pers
ian (Different Age Groups Use of Vowel Harmony Perspective,” Inte
rnational Proceedings of Economics  Development and  Research, ed. 
IX. CONCLUSION Chen Dan, pp. 359-366, vol. 26, Singapore, 2011.  
[10] W. D. Doyle, “Magnetization reversal in films with biaxial
A conclusion section is not required. Although a anisotropy,” in Proc. 1987 INTERMAG Conf., 1987, pp. 2.2-1-2.2-6.
conclusion may review the main points of the paper, do not (Presented Conference Paper style)
replicate the abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might [11] G. W. Juette and L. E. Zeffanella, “Radio noise currents n short
elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest sections on bundle conductors,” presented at the IEEE Summer Power
Meeting, Dallas, TX, June 22-27, 1990.
applications and extensions. (Thesis or Dissertation style)
[12] J. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect.
APPENDIX Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, 1993.
[13] N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical
Appendixes, if needed, appear before the nonequilibrium nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., Osaka
acknowledgment. Univ., Osaka, Japan, 1993.
(Patent style)
[14] J. P. Wilkinson, “Nonlinear resonant circuit devices,” U.S. Patent 3
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 624 12, July 16, 1990.
The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in (Standards style)
[15] Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968.
American English is without an “e” after the “g.” Use the (Handbook style)
singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments. [16] Transmission Systems for Communications, 3rd ed., Western Electric
Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would like to Co., Winston-Salem, NC, 1985, pp. 44-60.
[17] Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual, Motorola Semiconductor
thank ... .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks ... .” Sponsor Products Inc., Phoenix, AZ, 1989.
and financial support acknowledgments are placed in the (Journal Online Sources style)
unnumbered footnote on the first page. [18] R. J. Vidmar. (August 1992). On the use of atmospheric plasmas as
electromagnetic reflectors. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. [Online]. 21(3).
pp. 876-880. Available:
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(Periodical style)
[1] S. Chen, B. Mulgrew, and P. M. Grant, “A clustering technique for
digital communications channel equalization using radial basis (All authors should include biographies with photo at the end of
function networks,” IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, vol. 4, pp. 570- regular papers.)
578, July 1993.
[2] J. U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: An assessment of
feasibility,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-11, pp. 34-39, First A. Author and the other authors may include biographies at the end
Jan. 1959. of regular papers. The first paragraph may contain a place and/or date of
[3] C. Y. Lin, M. Wu, J. A. Bloom, I. J. Cox, and M. Miller, “Rotation, birth (list place, then date). Next, the author’s educational background is
scale, and translation resilient public watermarking for images,” IEEE listed. The degrees should be listed with type of degree in what field, which
Trans. Image Process., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 767-782, May 2001. institution, city, state or country, and year degree was earned. The author’s
(Book style) major field of study should be lower-cased.
[4] A. Cichocki and R. Unbehaven, Neural Networks for Optimization The second paragraph uses the pronoun of the person (he or she) and not
and Signal Processing, 1st ed. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley, 1993, ch. 2, the author’s last name. It lists military and work experience, including
pp. 45-47. summer and fellowship jobs. Job titles are capitalized. The current job must
[5] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems, Belmont, CA: have a location; previous positions may be listed without one. Information
Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123-135. concerning previous publications may be included. Try not to list more than
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York: Springer-Verlag, 1985, ch. 4. book within the biography is: title of book (city, state: publisher name,
(Book style with paper title and editor) year) similar to a reference. Current and previous research interests ends the
[7] R. A. Scholtz, “The Spread Spectrum Concept,” in Multiple Access, paragraph.
N. Abramson, Ed. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1993, ch. 3, pp. 121- The third paragraph begins with the author’s title and last name
123. (e.g., Dr. Smith, Prof. Jones, Mr. Kajor, Ms. Hunter). List any memberships
[8] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics,” in Plastics, in professional societies other than the IAENG. Finally, list any awards and
2nd ed. vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15- work for committees and publications. If a photograph is provided, the
64. biography will be indented around it. The photograph is placed at the top
(Published Conference Proceedings style) left of the biography. Personal hobbies will be deleted from the biography.

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