a.

Vectors and Scalar Quantities

b. Forces in Equilibrium
c. Uniformly Accelerated Motion Along a Straight Line
d. Free-Falling Bodies
e. Projectile
f. Newton’s Laws / De Alembert’s Principle
SCALAR QUANTITY
A physical quantity which has
magnitude only

Examples:
volume, temperature, height, mass,
age….
VECTOR QUANTITY
A physical quantity which has both
magnitude and direction

Examples:
force, velocity, displacement, weight,
etc…..
RESULTANT
Single vector which would have the
same effect as all the original vectors
taken together
 RESULTANT OF TWO OR MORE
VECTORS
❖ For Parallel Vectors

F2
F3
F1

R = F1 + F2 − F3
 RESULTANT OF TWO OR MORE
VECTORS
❖ For Perpendicular Vectors
F2 Force Triangle

F1 R
F2


R = F +F
1
2 2
2
 RESULTANT OF TWO OR MORE
VECTORS
❖ For Vectors at an Angle Other Than
90o
R
F2
F1
COSINE LAW
R = F1 + F2 − 2F1F2cosθ
2 2 2
 RESULTANT OF TWO OR MORE
VECTORS
❖ For Vectors at an Angle Other Than
90o F F 2y
1y
F2 F1
F2x F1x

F3x

( ) ( )
2 2 F3
R= Fx + Fy
F3y
1. The resultant of two concurrent
forces is minimum when the angle
between them is

A. 0o C. 45o

B. 90o D. 180o
2. A runner makes one lap around a
200m track in a time of 50 s. What is
the runner’s average velocity?

A. 4 m/s C. 0 m/s

B. 8 m/s D. 16 m/s
A runner makes one lap around a 200m track in a time of 50
s. What is the runner’s average velocity?
3. Three forces that act on a particle are
given by F1 = 20i – 36j + 73k N, F2 = -17i +
21j – 46k N and F3 = -12k N. Find the
magnitude of the resultant.

A. 21.4 N C. 15.5 N

B. 16.7 N D. 30.2 N
Three forces that act on a particle are given by F1 = 20i – 36j
+ 73k N, F2 = -17i + 21j – 46k N and F3 = -12k N. Find the
magnitude of the resultant.
4. A boat travels 10m/s in still water. If it
heads 60o S of W in a current that moves
at 12 m/s due east, what is the resultant
velocity of the boat?

A. 11.1 m/s @ 51o S of E

B. 12.1 m/s @ 51o S of W
C. 21.1 m/s @ 51o S of E
D. 14.1 m/s @ 51o N of E
A boat travels 10m/s in still water. If it heads 60o S of W in a current
that moves at 12 m/s due east, what is the resultant velocity of the
boat?
5. Two forces, 80N and 100N acting at
an angle of 60 with each other, pull on
an object. What is the resultant force
on the object?

A. 127 N C. 135 N

B. 156 N D. 140 N
Two forces, 80N and 100N acting at an angle of 60 with each other,
pull on an object. What is the resultant force on the object?
6. Compute algebraically the resultant
of the following coplanar forces: 100N
at 30o, 141.4N @ 45o, and 100N @ 240o.

A. 130N at 30o C. 151N at 25o

B. 125N at 35o D. 151N at 35o

Compute algebraically the resultant of the following coplanar forces:
100N at 30o, 141.4N @ 45o, and 100N @ 240o.
TYPES OF EQUILIBRIUM

Static Equilibrium – is the condition of a

body at rest and remains at rest under the
action of concurrent forces

Translational equilibrium – is the condition

of a body in motion with constant velocity
TWO CONDITIONS FOR EQUILIBRIUM

First or the Force Condition

The vector sum of all forces acting
on the body must be zero

 Fx = 0  Fy = 0
TWO CONDITIONS FOR EQUILIBRIUM

Second or Torque Condition

The sum of all the torques acting on
the body must be zero

 Mo = 0
7. A car whose weight is 60N is on the
ramp which makes an angle of 40o with
the horizontal. How large a perpendicular
force must the ramp withstand if it is not
to break under the car’s weight?

A. 56.7 C. 45.96

B. 60.5 D. 37.8
A car whose weight is 60N is on the ramp which makes an angle of 40o with the
horizontal. How large a perpendicular force must the ramp withstand if it is not
to break under the car’s weight?
8. A traffic light is suspended in the middle
of an intersection by two cables, each
making an angle of 10o and 5o with the
horizontal. Find the tension on the cables
if the weight of the traffic light is 90 N.

A. 346 N, 343 N C. 278 N, 345 N

B. 256 N, 345 N D. 182 N, 302 N

A traffic light is suspended in the middle of an intersection by two cables, each
making an angle of 10o and 5o with the horizontal. Find the tension on the cables
if the weight of the traffic light is 90 N.
9. A 45 lb boy is moving in a swing. What
horizontal pull is needed to one side of
the swing until the ropes make an angle
of 35o with the horizontal?

A. 35.7 lb C. 43.7 lb

B. 31.5 lb D. 14.5 lb
A 45 lb boy is moving in a swing. What horizontal pull is needed to one side of the
swing until the ropes make an angle of 35o with the horizontal?
A 45 lb boy is moving in a swing. What horizontal pull is needed to one side of the
swing until the ropes make an angle of 35o with the horizontal?
10. Three forces 20N, 30N and 40N are
in equilibrium. Find the angle between
the 30N force and the 40N force.

A. 28.96o C. 38.56o

B. 18.97o D. 45.85o
Three forces 20N, 30N and 40N are in equilibrium. Find the angle between the
30N force and the 40N force.
 Where;

S = vt S = distance
v = velocity
t = time
 2 2
Vf − Vo = 2as Vf − Vo = at
1 2
s = Vo t  at s=
( Vf + Vo ) t
2 2
11. A bus moving at a speed of 20 m/s
begins to slow at a rate of 3 m/s each
second after seeing a red light at the
intersection. Find how far it goes before
stopping.

A. 56.7 m C. 75.6 m

B. 66.7 m D. 86.4 m
A bus moving at a speed of 20 m/s begins to slow at a rate of 3 m/s each second
after seeing a red light at the intersection. Find how far it goes before stopping.
12. At instant the traffic light turns green, an
automobile that has been waiting at an intersection
starts ahead with a constant acceleration of 2.5
m/s2. At the same time, a truck, traveling with
constant speed of 15m/s overtakes and passes the
automobile. How fast is the automobile traveling
when it overtakes the truck?

A. 20 m/s C. 30 m/s

B. 40 m/s D. 50 m/s
At instant the traffic light turns green, an automobile that has been waiting at an
intersection starts ahead with a constant acceleration of 2.5 m/s2. At the same
time, a truck, traveling with constant speed of 15m/s overtakes and passes the
automobile. How fast is the automobile traveling when it overtakes the truck?
13. Two cars A and B are travelling at the
same speed of 80 kph in the same
direction on a level road with car A 100 m
ahead of car B. Car A slows down to make
a turn, decelerating at 2.13 m/s2. In how
many seconds will B overtake A?

A. 9.69 seconds C. 8.56 seconds

B. 5.21 seconds D. 6.45 seconds

Two cars A and B are travelling at the same speed of 80 kph in the same direction
on a level road with car A 100 m ahead of car B. Car A slows down to make a
turn, decelerating at 2.13 m/s2. In how many seconds will B overtake A?
Vf − Vo =  gt Where:
g = 9.81 m/s2
Vf2 2
− Vo = 2gh h
= 32.2 ft/s2

1 2 (+)→ going up
h = Vo t  gt (-)→ going down
2
Vf − Vo =  gt
2 2
Vf − Vo = 2gh
1 2
h = Vo t  gt
2
14. A stone is thrown straight upward with
a speed of 20 m/s. It is caught on its way
down at a point 5 m above where it was
thrown. How fast was it going when it was
caught?

A. 21.7 m/s C. 15.6 m/s

B. 31.7 m/s D. 17.4 m/s

A stone is thrown straight upward with a speed of 20 m/s. It is caught on its way
down at a point 5 m above where it was thrown. How fast was it going when it
was caught?
15. A ballast bag is dropped from a
balloon that is 300m above the ground
and rising at 13m/s. What is the
maximum height it reached?

A. 308.6 m C. 400 m

B. 502.3 m D. 350 m
A ballast bag is dropped from a balloon that is 300m above the ground and rising
at 13m/s. What is the maximum height it reached?
16. At a uniform rate of 4 drops per second,
water is dripping from a faucet. Assuming
acceleration of each drop to be 9.81 m/s per
second and no air resistance, find the distance
between two successive drops in mm if the
upper drop has been in motion for 3/8 second.

A. 1320 mm C. 1230 mm

B. 2102 mm D. 3501 mm
At a uniform rate of 4 drops per second, water is dripping from a faucet.
Assuming acceleration of each drop to be 9.81 m/s per second and no air
resistance, find the distance between two successive drops in mm if the upper
drop has been in motion for 3/8 second.
17. A body projected upward from a level
ground at an angle of 50o with the
horizontal has an initial velocity of 40 m/s.
How far from the starting point will it
strike?

A. 171 m C. 195 m

B. 161 m D. 152 m
A body projected upward from a level ground at an angle of 50o with the
horizontal has an initial velocity of 40 m/s. How far from the starting point will it
strike?
18. A marble, rolling with a speed of 20
cm/s, rolls off the edge of a table that is
80 cm high. How far horizontally, from the
edge of the table does the marble strike
the floor?

A. 8.1 cm C. 7.5 cm

B. 9.8 cm D. 10.7 cm
A marble, rolling with a speed of 20 cm/s, rolls off the edge of a table that is 80
cm high. How far horizontally, from the edge of the table does the marble strike
the floor?
19. A projectile is fired upward with a
muzzle velocity of 200 m/s at an angle of
30 degrees with the level ground. With
what horizontal velocity will it hit the
ground in m/s?

A. 150.5 m/s C. 173.2 m/s

B. 200 m/s D. 175.6 m/s

A projectile is fired upward with a muzzle velocity of 200 m/s at an angle of 30
degrees with the level ground. With what horizontal velocity will it hit the
ground in m/s?
20. A hose lying on the ground shoots a
stream of water upward at an angle of 40o
to the horizontal. The speed of the water
as it leaves the hose is 20 m/s. How high
up will it strike a wall which is 8 m away?

A. 5.4 m C. 4.5 m

B. 6.5 m D. 5.6 m
A hose lying on the ground shoots a stream of water upward at an angle of 40o to
the horizontal. The speed of the water as it leaves the hose is 20 m/s. How high
up will it strike a wall which is 8 m away?
21. A ball is thrown upward at an angle of
30o to the horizontal and lands on the top
edge of a building that is 20 m away. If the
top edge is 5 m above the throwing point,
how fast was the ball thrown?

A. 15 m/s C. 20 m/s

B. 5 m/s D. 10 m/s
A ball is thrown upward at an angle of 30o to the horizontal and lands on the top
edge of a building that is 20 m away. If the top edge is 5 m above the throwing
point, how fast was the ball thrown?
 F = Fnet = 0
 F
a or F = ma
m
22. Starting from rest, an elevator
weighing 9kN attains an upward velocity of
5 m/s in 4 seconds with a uniform
acceleration. Find the tension in the
supporting cable.

A. 10.823 kN C. 9.754 kN

B. 12.321 kN D. 11.213 kN
Starting from rest, an elevator weighing 9kN attains an upward velocity of 5 m/s
in 4 seconds with a uniform acceleration. Find the tension in the supporting
cable.
Starting from rest, an elevator weighing 9kN attains an upward velocity of 5 m/s
in 4 seconds with a uniform acceleration. Find the tension in the supporting
cable.
23. A 100 kg block of ice is released at the
top of a 30o incline 10 m above the ground.
If the slight melting of the ice renders the
surface frictionless, what is the velocity of
the block at the foot of the incline?

A. 14 m/s C. 18 m/s

B. 25 m/s D. 20 m/s
A 100 kg block of ice is released at the top of a 30o incline 10 m above the
ground. If the slight melting of the ice renders the surface frictionless, what is
the velocity of the block at the foot of the incline?
A 100 kg block of ice is released at the top of a 30o incline 10 m above the
ground. If the slight melting of the ice renders the surface frictionless, what is
the velocity of the block at the foot of the incline?
24. A car weighing 12kN approaches the ramp
inclined at an angle of 20o with a velocity of
20.83 m/s. At the foot of the ramp, the motor
is turned off. How far does the car travel up
the inclined before it stops?

A. 64.57 m C. 48.57 m

B. 55.46 m D. 71.23 m
A car weighing 12kN approaches the ramp inclined at an angle of 20o with a
velocity of 20.83 m/s. At the foot of the ramp, the motor is turned off. How far
does the car travel up the inclined before it stops?
A car weighing 12kN approaches the ramp inclined at an angle of 20o with a
velocity of 20.83 m/s. At the foot of the ramp, the motor is turned off. How far
does the car travel up the inclined before it stops?
A car weighing 12kN approaches the ramp inclined at an angle of 20o with a
velocity of 20.83 m/s. At the foot of the ramp, the motor is turned off. How far
does the car travel up the inclined before it stops?
25. A horizontal force of 140 N is needed to
pull a 60 kg box across the horizontal floor at
constant speed. What is the coefficient of
friction between the floor and the box?

A. 0.238 C. 0.322

B. 0.521 D. 0.342
A horizontal force of 140 N is needed to pull a 60 kg box across the horizontal
floor at constant speed. What is the coefficient of friction between the floor and
the box?
26. A block passes at a point 4 meters from
the edge of a table with a velocity of 5
m/sec. It slides off the edge of the table
which is 5m high and strikes the floor 3 m
from the edge of the table. What is the
coefficient of friction between the block and
the table?

A. 0.65 C. 0.21

B. 1.04 D. 0.11
A block passes at a point 4 meters from the edge of a table with a velocity of 5
m/sec. It slides off the edge of the table which is 5m high and strikes the floor 3
m from the edge of the table. What is the coefficient of friction between the
block and the table?
A block passes at a point 4 meters from the edge of a table with a velocity of 5
m/sec. It slides off the edge of the table which is 5m high and strikes the floor 3
m from the edge of the table. What is the coefficient of friction between the
block and the table?