Half Angle Formulas

Definition of the csc θ =

1
sin θ =
1
sin θ csc θ θ 1-cos 1
sin²θθ = (1-cos(2 θ ))
Trig Functions secθ =
1
cos θ =
cos θ
1
sec θ
sin
2
= ±
√
2 2
θ 1+cos θ 1
Right Triangle Definition
For this definition we assume cot θ =
1
tanθ =
tan θ
1
cot θ
cos
2 2√
= ± cos² θ = (1+cos(2θ ) )
2
θ 1-cosθ 1-cos(2θ )
tan
2
= ±
√ tan² θ =
1+cos θ 1+ cos (2 θ)

Pythagorean Identities Sum and Difference Formulas

sin²θ + cos²θ = sin(α±β) =
1 sinαcosβ±cosαsinβ
tan²θ + 1 = cos(α±β) =
π sec² θ cosαcosβ∓sinαsinβ
that 0<θ <
2 1 + cot²θ = tan α ± tan β
tan( α ± β ) =
or 0°< θ <90° csc²θ 1 ∓ tan α tan β

opposite hypotenuse
sin θ = csc θ = Even/Odd Formulas
hypotenuse opposite
sin(-θ) = csc(- θ) =
adjacent hypotenuse -sinθ -cscθ
cos θ = sec θ =
hypotenuse adjacent
cos(-θ) = sec(- θ) = Product to Sum Formulas
opposite adjacent cosθ secθ
tanθ = cot θ =
adjacent opposite 1
tan(-θ) = cot(-θ) = sin α sinβ = [ cos(α - β )-cos ( α + β ) ]
-tanθ -cotθ 2
Unit circle definition 1
cos α cos β = [ cos( α - β )+cos( α+ β ) ]
For this definition θ is any angle. Periodic Formulas 2
If n is an integer. 1
sin α cos β = [ sin( α +β )+sin ( α - β ) ]
sin(θ+2πn) = csc(θ+2πn) = 2
sinθ cscθ 1
cos(θ+2πn) = sec(θ+2πn) =
cos α sin β = [ sin( α +β )-sin ( α - β ) ]
2
cosθ secθ
tan(θ+πn) = cot(θ+πn) = Cofunction Formulas
tanθ cotθ
y
sin θ =
1
= 1
Double Angle Formulas
sin( π2 - θ) = coscosθ (π2 - θ )= sin θ
x π π
cos θ = 1 θ) =
=sin(2 csc ( - θ )= secsecθ ( - θ )= csc θ
1 2sinθcosθ 2 2
y cos(2θ) = cos²θ-
tanθ = π π
x sin²θ tan ( - θ ) = cotcot
θ ( - θ) = tanθ
2 2
= 2cos²θ-1
=1-2sin²θ
Formulas and 2tan θ Inverse Trig
tan(2θ ) =
Identities 1-tan ²θ
Functions
Tangent and Cotangent Degrees to Radians Formulas
Identities If x is an angle in degrees and t Definition
is an angle in radians then
sin θ cos θ y=sin-1x is equivalent to
tanθ = cot θ = π t πx 180t
x=siny
cos θ sin θ = ⇒ t = and x =
180 x 180 π y=cos-1x is equivalent to
x=cosy
Reciprocal Identities
 Y=tan-1x is equivalent to Mollweide’s Formula
x=tany 1
cos (α −β)
a+b 2
=
Domain and Range c 1
sin γ
Functi Domai 2
Range
on n
Y=sin- -1≤ x π π
1 - ≤y≤
x ≤1 2 2
Y=cos -1≤ x
-1 0 ≤ y ≤π
x ≤1
-π For any ordered pair on the unit
Y=tan- -∞≤ x π
1
2≤ y ≤ circle ( x y, ) : cosθ= x and sinθ
x ≤∞
2 =y

Inverse Properties
Law of Sines, Cosines and
cos(cos- cos-
1 1 Tangents
(x))=x (cos(θ))=θ
sin(sin- sin-1(sin(θ))=θ
1
(x))=x
tan(tan- tan-1(tan(θ))=θ
1
(x))=x

Alternate Notation Law of Sines

sin- sinα sinβ sinγ
1
x=arcsinx = =
a b c
cos-
1
x=arccosx
Law of Cosines
tan-
1
x=arctanx a2=b2+c2-2bccosα
b2=a2+c2-2accosβ
c2=a2+b2-2abcosγ
Law of Tangents
1
tan (α −β )
a−b 2
=
a+b 1
tan (α + β )
2
1
tan ( β−γ )
b−c 2
=
b+ c 1
tan (β +γ )
2
1
tan (α −γ )
Unit Circle a−c 2
=
a+ c 1
tan (α + γ )
2