Scribd
Upload
55 views5 pages

Aim of Project

This document describes an experiment to verify Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's Laws. The experiment involves passing a current through a 5 ohm resistor using dry cells and measuring the voltage using a voltmeter. Readings are recorded for current and voltage and plotted on a graph. According to the procedure, the graph should yield a straight line, verifying Ohm's Law. The slope of the line equals the resistance, which can be calculated and compared to the known resistor value. Kirchhoff's Laws are also verified through this setup and analysis of the relationships between current, voltage and resistance.

Uploaded by

aayush sinha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
55 views5 pages

Aim of Project

This document describes an experiment to verify Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's Laws. The experiment involves passing a current through a 5 ohm resistor using dry cells and measuring the voltage using a voltmeter. Readings are recorded for current and voltage and plotted on a graph. According to the procedure, the graph should yield a straight line, verifying Ohm's Law. The slope of the line equals the resistance, which can be calculated and compared to the known resistor value. Kirchhoff's Laws are also verified through this setup and analysis of the relationships between current, voltage and resistance.

Uploaded by

aayush sinha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Aim of Project: .

   Verification of Kirchhoff Laws and Ohms Law

Verification of Ohms law


Apparatus Required

S.no Equipment / Instrument Device Rating/Value Quantity

Resistor 5 1
Ammeter 0-3 A 1

A resistor of about 5 Ω, an ammeter ( 0 - 3 A), a voltmeter (0 - 10 V), four dry cells of 1.5 V each
with a cell holder (or a battery eliminator), a plug key, connecting wires, and a piece of sand
paper.

Theory of Ohm's Law:

Ohm’s law states that at a constant temperature, current 'I' through a conductor


between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference or voltage 'V',
across the two points. That is,

                         

                                     

                        

Thus, the ratio V : I is a constant. This constant is called as the resistance (R) of the
conductor.

Related Theory:

Resistance:
 Resistance is the property of a component which restricts the flow of electric
current. Energy is used up as the voltage across the component drives the
current through it and this energy appears as heat in the component.
 Resistance is measured in ohms, the symbol for ohm is an omega(Ω).

Resistors connected in Series:

When resistors are connected in series their combined resistance is equal to sum
of thier the individual resistances. For example if resistors R1 and R2 are
connected in series their combined resistance, R, is given by:

Resistors connected in Parallel:

When resistors are connected in parallel their combined resistance is less than any
of the individual resistances. Equation for the combined resistance R of 2
resistors R1 and R2 connected in parallel is given by:

                  OR                   

Material required :

A resistor of about 5 Ω, an ammeter ( 0 - 3 A), a voltmeter (0 - 10 V), four dry cells of 1.5 V each
with a cell holder (or a battery eliminator), a plug key, connecting wires, and a piece of sand
paper.

Precautions :

 All the electrical connections must be neat and tight.


 Voltmeter and Ammeter must be of proper range.
 The key should be inserted only while taking readings.

Circuit Diagram:
 Procedure :

1. Draw the circuit diagram as shown above.


2. Arrange the apparatus as per the circuit diagram.
3. Clean the ends of the connecting wires with sand paper and make them shiny.
4. Make the connections as per circuit diagram. All connections must be neat and tight.
Take care to connect the ammeter and voltmeter with their correct polarity. (+ve to
+ve and -ve to -ve).
5. Determine the zero error and least count of the ammeter and voltmeter and record
them.
6. Adjust the rheostat to pass a low current.
7. Insert the key K and slide the rheostat contact to see whether the ammeter and
voltmeter are showing deflections properly.
8. Adjust the rheostat to get a small deflection in ammeter and voltmeter.
9. Record the readings of the ammeter and voltmeter.
10. Take atleast six sets of readings by adjusting the rheostat gradually.
11. Plot a graph with V along x-axis and I along y-axis.
12. The graph will be a straight line which verifies Ohm's law.
13. Determine the slope of the V-I graph. The reciprocal of the slope gives resistance of
the wire.

Observations:

 Range of the given ammeter=.................... A.


 Least count of the given ammeter = ..................... A.
 Range of the given voltmeter = .....................V.
 Least count of the given voltmeter = .....................V.
 Mean value of V/I from observations, R = .......... Ω.

Observation from graph:

 Slope of I vs V graph = ...........


 R from graph = 1/ slope = .............. Ω.

Observation table:

Graph:

After performing experiment for different readings of V & I and recording the


observations, if we plot current on the x-axis of a graph and voltage on the y-axis of the
graph, we will get a straight-line. The gradient of the straight-line graph is related to the
resistance (R) of the conductor.

You might also like