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NOTES 10.6 Hyperbolic Functions

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NOTES 10.6 Hyperbolic Functions

Uploaded by

Marina Xu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Calculus Maximus Notes 10.

6: Hyperbolic Functions

§10.6—Hyperbolic Functions

The circle has its trig functions, and the hyperbola has, what are known as, hyperbolic functions. On the
( )
Unit Circle, any point along the circle has the coordinate cosq ,sinq . On a branch of the Unit Hyperbola,
(
any point has the coordinate coshq ,sinh q . )

Guess what the “h” is for . . .

We read coshq as “hyperbolic cosine of theta,” and sinh q is similarly read “hyperbolic sine of theta.”
Just as the circular trig functions show up in many real-world applications, so do the hyperbolic trig
functions. In fact, many applications of exponential functions are really hyperbolic trig functions in
disguise.

Because we will be talking about the hyperbolic functions, we will use x as the input, rather than q .

Definition of the Hyperbolic Functions

e x - e- x csch x =
1
sinh x = sinh x
2

e x + e- x
1
sech x =
cosh x = cosh x
2

sinh x 1
tanh x = coth x =
cosh x tanh x

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Calculus Maximus Notes 10.6: Hyperbolic Functions

() ()
Notice that the functions f x = sinh x and f x = cosh x are the differences and the sums, respectively, of

the two exponential functions y =


1 x
2
1
()
e and y = e- x . Because of this, the graphs of f x = sinh x and
2
()
f x = cosh x can be obtained by subtracting and adding the ordinates of the two exponential graphs.

Example 1:
Find the domain and range and any symmetry for the three hyperbolic functions shown above.

Notice how the graph of y = cosh x resembles a parabola.


This mistaken identity is quite easy to make, especially
without quantitative analysis. The graph of y = cosh x is
actually called a catenary curve, from the Latin catena,
meaning “chain.” This is because a heavy chain (or
cable) suspended between two fixed points at the same
elevation will take the sagging shape of a catenary with
æ xö
equation y = acosh ç ÷ .
è aø

The most famous catenary (and mistaken parabola) of


them all is the St. Louis/Gateway Arch.

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Calculus Maximus Notes 10.6: Hyperbolic Functions

Example 2:
Using the definition of y = cosh x and y = sinh x , simplify cosh2 x - sinh 2 x .

Just as there are many circular trig identities (and proofs), so there are many hyperbolic trig identities. For
a list of many more, click here.

Let’s talk calculus:

Example 3:
Using the definitions, find the derivatives of y = sinh x and y = cosh x .

Example 4:
Using the definition, find the derivative of y = tanh x .

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Calculus Maximus Notes 10.6: Hyperbolic Functions

Here are the derivatives of the Hyperbolic Functions

d
dx ë
ésinhu ùû = ( coshu ) u¢
d
dx ( )
éëcothu ùû = - csch 2 u u¢

d d
écoshu ùû = ( sinhu ) u¢ ésech u ùû = - ( sech u tanhu ) u¢
dx ë dx ë
d
dx ( )
éë tanhu ùû = sech2 u u¢
d
dx ë
écsch u ùû = - ( csch ucothu ) u¢

Example 5:
(a)
d é
ê
dx ë (
sinh x 2 - 3)ùúû = (b)
d
é ln ( cosh x ) ù =
dx ë û (c)
d
é x sinh x - cosh x ùû =
dx ë

Example 6:
Evaluate ò cosh 2xsinh 2 2x dx =

Page 4 of 4

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