MECHANICS OF STRUCTURES

LABORATORY REPORT

CIVIL ENGINEERING

TITLE OF EXP. BENDING MOMENT INFLUENCES LINE EXPERIMENT

SUBJECT CODE ECC 3413 DATE OF EXP. 5 DEC 2019 (THURS :1400)
YEAR 2 GROUP 1
NAME MOHD HAFIZUDDIN B ABD JALIL (2170136)

GROUP
MEMBERS

LECTURER PN HAPSA BINTI HUSEN MARKS

REMARKS
INTRODUCTION
Moving loads on beam are common features of design. Many road bridges are
constructed from beam, and as such has to be designed to carry a knife edge load,
or a string of wheel loads, or a uniformly distributed load, or perhaps the worst
combination of all three. To find the critical moment in section, influence line is used

Many loads are distributed rather than concentrated. Influence lines can be used with either
concentrated or distributed loadings. For a concentrated (or point) load, a unit point load is
moved along the structure. For a distributed load of a given width, a unit-distributed load of the
same width is moved along the structure, noting that as the load nears the ends and moves off
the structure only part of the total load is carried by the structure. The effect of the distributed
unit load can also be obtained by integrating the point load’s influence line over the
corresponding length of the structures.
The Influence lines of determinate structures becomes a mechanism whereas the Influence
lines of indeterminate structures become just determinate

OBJECTIVE

1. To determine the bending moment of a beam when a load is place at a different length
from a starting point
2. To compare the percentage error between theory calculation and experimental measure
of moment force
APPARATUS

Figure 1: Bending moment apparatus Figure 2: Load (N)

Figure 3: Moment force indicator Figure 4: Load hanger.

 BENDING MOMENT INFLUENCES LINE

EXPERIMENT 1A
OBJECTIVE
1. Bending moment in a simply supported beam

Equipment required
1. 5N dead weight
2. Load hanger X 1unit

Procedure
1. The beam was setted up apparatus as per appendix. 1 descriptions
2. The load of 5N was placed in the position 0.2m away from the start point as shown in
figure below.
3. Calculate the reaction force on point A & B. (point A is Ra, point B is Rb).

Calculate Ra & Rb.

Ra = 4.5N
Rb = 0.5N

4. Calculate the shear force (consider at left side of the section C)

Based on equation 1

Qc= Ra－W
5N 1 (considering the left side at section C)

V shear force (LHS) = -0.5N

5. Calculate the bending moment (consider at the left side of the section C)
Based on equation 3

Mc = Ra(X)－W1 (X－L1) (considering at the left side of the section C)

Mc bending moment = 0.25 Nm

6. After completed the calculation result, compare the result with the actual moment
force measurement on the apparatus. Follows the procedure bellows.
a) Remove the load from the apparatus.
b) Connects the load cell to the moment force indicator and switch ON the power.
c) Wait until the indicator stable, shows ZERO Nm reading, if not then tare the
reading to zero
d) Place the 10N load into the position shows in figure.
e) Wait until the moment force indicator shows a stable reading then record
down the reading into table.
Table
Consider the left side of section C

Theory Calculation of Moment Experimental Measured of

Force Moment Force.

0.25Nm 0.21Nm

7. The record data was summarized, calculated predictions and percent different (error).
Using the data in table, plot the bar chart or use other creativity to show the
bending moment experimental and theoretical case.

Percentage of error = Mc Theory－MCmeasure

X 100 %
Mc Theory

Percentage of error = 24 %
 BENDING MOMENT INFLUENCES LINE

EXPERIMENT 1B
1. Bending moment in a simply supported beam

Equipment required:
1. 5N dead weight
2. Load hanger X 1 unit.

Procedure
1. Set up the beam apparatus as per appendix. 1 descriptions
2. Place the load of 5N in the position 0.1m away from the start point as shown in
figure below.

5N
2.Calculate the reaction force on point A & B. (point A is Ra, point B is Rb).
Calculate Ra & Rb.
Ra = 4N
Rb = 1N

3. Calculate the shear force (consider at left side of the section C)

Based on equation 1

Qe = Ra－W1 (considering the left side at section C)

V shear force (LHS) = -1N

4. Calculate the bending moment (consider at the left side of the section C)
Based on equation 3

Mc = Ra(X)－W1 (X－L1) (considering at the left side of the section C)

Mc bending moment = 0.5Nm

5. After completed the calculation result, compare the result with the actual
moment force measurement on the apparatus. Follows the procedure bellows.
a) Remove the load from the apparatus.
b) Connects the load cell to the moment force indicator and switch ON the
power.
c) Wait until the indicator stable, shows ZERO Nm reading, if not then tare the
saasacacreading to ZERO.
d) Place the 10N load into the position shows in figure.
e) Wait until the moment force indicator shows a stable reading then record down
the reading into table.
Table
Consider the left side of section C

Theory Calculation of Moment Experimental Measured of

Force Moment Force.

0.50Nm 0.47Nm

6. Summarize the record data, calculated predictions and percent different (error).
Using the data in table, plot the bar chart or use other creativity to show the
bending moment experimental and theoretical case.

Percentage of error = MC Theory －MC measure

MC Theory
X 100 %

Percentage of error = 24 %
 BENDING MOMENT INFLUENCES LINE

EXPERIMENT 2A
1. Bending moment in a simply supported beam

Equipment required
1. 5N dead weight
2. Load hanger X 1unit

Procedure
1. Set up the beam apparatus as per appendix. 1 descriptions
2. Place the load of 5N in the position 0.1m away from the start point as shown in
figure below.

5N
2.Calculate the reaction force on point A & B. (point A is Ra, point B is Rb).
Calculate Ra & Rb.
Ra = 1.5N
Rb = 3.5N

3. Calculate the shear force (consider at left side of the section C)

Based on equation 1

V= Rb－W2 (considering the right side at section C)

V shear force (LHS) = 1.5 N

4. Calculate the bending moment (consider at the left side of the section C)
Based on equation 3

Mc = Rb(L－X)－W2(L2－X) (considering at the left side of the section C)

Mc bending moment = 0.6 Nm

5. After completed the calculation result, compare the result with the actual
moment force measurement on the apparatus. Follows the procedure bellows.
a) Remove the load from the apparatus.
b) Connects the load cell to the moment force indicator and switch ON the
power.
c) Wait until the indicator stable, shows ZERO Nm reading, if not then tare
the reading to ZERO.
d) Place the 10N load into the position shows in figure.
e) Wait until the moment force indicator shows a stable reading then record
down the reading into table.
Table
Consider the left side of section C

Theory Calculation of Moment Experimental Measured of

Force Moment Force.

0.60Nm 0.51Nm

6. Summarize the record data, calculated predictions and percent different (error).
Using the data in table, plot the bar chart or use other creativity to show the
bending moment experimental and theoretical case.

Percentage of error = MC Theory －MC measure

X 100 %
MC Theory

Percentage of error =-10 %

 BENDING MOMENT INFLUENCES LINE

EXPERIMENT 2B
1. Bending moment in a simply supported beam

Equipment required
1. 5N dead weight
2. Load hanger X 1unit

Procedure
1. Set up the beam apparatus as per appendix. 1 descriptions
2. Place the load of 5N in the position 0.1m away from the start point as shown in figure
below.

5N
2.Calculate the reaction force on point A & B. (point A is Ra, point B is Rb).
Calculate Ra & Rb.
Ra = 0.5N
Rb = 4.5N

3. Calculate the shear force (consider at left side of the section C)

Based on equation 1

V= Rb－W2 (considering the left side at section C)

V shear force (LHS) = 0.5N

4. Calculate the bending moment (consider at the left side of the section C)
Based on equation 3

Mc = Rb(L－X)－W2 (L2－X) (considering at the left side of the section C)

Mc bending moment = 0.2Nm

5. After completed the calculation result, compare the result with the actual moment force
measurement on the apparatus. Follows the procedure bellows.
a) Remove the load from the apparatus.
b) Connects the load cell to the moment force indicator and switch ON the
power.
c) Wait until the indicator stable, shows ZERO Nm reading, if not then tare
the reading to ZERO.
d) Place the 10N load into the position shows in figure.
e) Wait until the moment force indicator shows a stable reading then record
down the reading into table.
Table
Consider the left side of section C

Theory Calculation of Moment Experimental Measured of

Force Moment Force.

0.20Nm 0.14Nm

6. Summarize the record data, calculated predictions and percent different (error).
Using the data in table, plot the bar chart or use other creativity to show the
bending moment experimental and theoretical case.

Percentage of error = MC Theory －MC measure

MC Theory
X 100 %

Percentage of error =-25%

Qc = Ra－W1 (considering the left side of section C) Equation1

Qc =Rb －W2 (considering the right side of section C) Equation2
Mc =Ra(X－W1(X-L1)(considering the left side of section C) Equation3
Mc=Rb(L-X)－W2(L2-X)(considering the right side of section C) Equation4
DISCUSSION
The percentage of the error is small, thus, it shows here that the accuracy of the experiment is
high. So we conclude that this experiment is success because the experimental and theoretical
are nearly same.

From the result that we get, there are some errors that make our result not accurate and
contribute the error between the experiment and theory:
i. The digital indicator is too sensitive.
When we taking the reading, the screen shows that the reading not in static
reading. That mean the digital indicator is too sensitive with the wind and the
vibration
ii. The load hanger is shaking.
When we taking the reading, we put the load to the hanger. When the load is
putting to the hanger, the hanger is shaking and the reading of digital indicator is
easily change. So it effects the reading iv.
iii. Parallax error.
The eye should be perpendicular to the reading of the instrument so that parallax
error can be avoided and the result can be obtained accurately.
The way to overcomes this problem are:
i. Check whether the apparatus condition is good or not and its functionality.
ii. While putting the load at the hanger, we must put it slowly so that it wont shake and
affect the reading.
iii. When we take the reading, we had to wait until the digital indicator reading is
constant.
CONCLUSION

From our discussion, the influence line concept and its application is to specific structural
systems reached a certain conclusion at the end of the establishment phrase of structural
theory. However, the general influences lines theory actually belongs to the classical phase
of structural theory. The result and the theory of left support, middle support and right
support. This is may be because of experimental error done during the experiment session.
The errors can be the condition during experiment, wind deflection, vibration of
surrounding or error in handling the equipments during the experiments.

REFERENCES
https://www.scribd.com/document/364033169/Moment-Influence-Line-Report

https://www.academia.edu/4865473/MSI06_Moments_Influence_Lines_syed

https://www.slideshare.net/rakeshjnvbiet/structural-analysis-lab