12 Department of Education

National Capital Region

S CH OOLS DIVIS ION OF FICE
MA RIK INA CITY

Understanding Culture
Society and Politics
Second Quarter – Module 3
Forms of Stratification Systems

Author: Rinabel C. Borce

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 MODULE 3

Lesson 3: Social and Political Stratification

What I Need to Know

Our society consists of several groups and classes with different socio-economic
capabilities; thus, these differences can be considered by social desirables- Social
desirability is the tendency of some respondents to report an answer in a way they
deem to be more socially acceptable than would be their "true" answer. ...
(encyclopedia).

•refers to the degree of distribution of resources

Social available within a social system.
Stratification •wealth, status, prestige, and privilege.

•refers to the extent to which such inequalities are

Political enclosed in, influenced by, political structures and
Stratification procedures.
•influenced by authority and power.

Learning Objectives
quipperschool.cm

You have understood the lesson in this module if you can already:
1. Examine the concept, characteristics and forms of stratification
systems using sociological perspective;
1.1 distinguish the three social classes of social stratification;
1.2 differentiate ascribed from achieved status;
1.3 explain the cases of social in-equality.

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 What I Know
Directions: Read each statement carefully. Write the word Fact if you think
the statement is true and the word Bluff if the statement is false. Write your answer
on the space provided.

________1. Social status acquired by a person either by ascribed or achieved status of

characteristics.

________2. Social inequality refers to the unequal distribution of wealth, and income.
________3. Ascribed status cannot be earned by any individual.
________4. Some socio-economic status examples are income, occupation, and
education.

________5. It is called achieved status if the society assigned individual based on fixed
category, regardless of its abilities and performances.

________6. All individuals are born unequal.

________7. Social stratification has four (4) classifications.
________8. Status can be fixed and earned depending on individual’s family and
capabilities.

________9. Political stratification happens globally.

________10. There is more capitalist class than working class.

What’s In

Like colors, society has its differentiation which refers to the method of
relationship in terms of specific characteristics therefore it classifies each group
members based on these common qualities.

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Social stratification

Is the classification of people among societies by its socio-economic status

based on wealth and status acquired, occupation and income, or acquired power
(social or political) in nature.
Compose of elite families,
successful and productive in
Upper each specific field.

Class Ex. stockholder, investors.

Middle Compose of professionals,

Class and its income can afford

a comfortable lifestyle who
valued education the

Lower
most.

Class Consist of office and

clerical workers, skilled
and unskilled. They are
minimum wage earners.

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 Ascribed Status if
society assigned
individual on the
basis of fixed
category,
regardless of its
abilities and Status-
performances. refers to the
persons
position in
the social
Achieved structure.
Status are
earned by
any
individual
within
society.

What’s New
LET’S HAVE AN ACTIVITY!
Directions: Write the information on what you know and what you want to know
about the topic in the first two columns of the KWL chart.
KNOW WHAT LEARNED

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 What is It
Causes of Social Stratification
According to Karl Marx, society was divided into two groups due to
Industrial Revolution. Social class refers to the collection or group of people
with similar profession/occupation status, prestige, and lifestyle.

Capitalist
Class

Working Group Class

Political Stratification is influenced by political structures and procedure either

by power or authority. It can be related to laws, norms, values, class structure,
associations, and status groups between individuals among groups. Power can take
charge of activities through variety of way; therefore, it highlights the unequal
distribution of political rewards and inequalities to channel in political offices where
biases is evident and took place.

I. Social Mobility System/Structure

Open Class System- Caste and Closed-Class

unfixed social class position, System- inherited social
your social rank can be rank, or people may remain
change depending on your as is in the social rank as the
own effort. same with their parents.

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Types of Social Mobility

Horizontal
Mobility • a social class movement within a social class level

Vertical • a social class movement between

Mobility social class level

II. Social Inequality

Refers to the uneven opportunities and rewards for a diverse social positions or
statuses which occurs when the resources of a given society are distributed uneven.

Kinship-oriented
Below poverty line Tribal societies culture
deserving or chieftain's value social
undeserving poor privileges harmony than
status or wealth

A. Gender Inequality-The biases between sex and gender-based

discrimination refers to sexism, to which contributes to social inequality.
Gender discrimination happens widespread and a worldwide topic and
discussions. Gender analysis used by researchers to understand within the
specific context to which the cause will be determined. We are all equally
created by God in His own likeness and we must treat everyone with fairness.

B. Racial and Ethnic Inequality refer to the hierarchical social distinctions

between racial and ethnic categories within a society and is characterized by skin
color, physical features and culture or place of origin.

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Activity
Directions: Match the word/term in Column A with its meaning in
Column B. Draw a line to connect your answer.
Word Meaning

1. Discrimination A. the thinking of superiority

among others race

B. attitude of taking the

2. Prejudice
blame of yourself by others
C. considering other group
3. Stereotyping or societies are inferior than
his own
D. a tendency of having the
4. Ethnocentrism same qualities because of a
common group
E. a negative attitude of
5. Scapegoating being judgemental to others
F. deprivation of equal
6. Racism treatment because of lower
class status

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 What’s More

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY
A. Directions. Use the Venn diagram to compare the similarities and
differences of the three (3) social classes.

Lower Middle Upper

Class Class Class

B. Directions: List down famous personalities who excel in their field of

specialization in each category. Write your answer on the space
provided below.

Women Transgender Men

Who Who Who
___________________ ______________________ ________________
Expertise Expertise Expertise
___________________ ______________________ _________________

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C. Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to identify the word/term being
defined/described in the following statement. Write your answer in the box.

1. It is the thinking that one’s own race is superior to others.

MISCAR

2. A negative attitude towards the members of a particular group.

ERPUJECID

3. The unequal treatment of minority because of the lower

status.

NOITANIMIRCSID

What I Have Learned

Directions: Accomplish the last column in the KWL chart on what you have learned
from the topic/lesson.

KNOW WHAT LEARNED

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 Assessment

Posttest
Directions: Read each statement carefully. Write the word Fact if you think
the statement is true and the word Bluff if the statement is false. Write your answer
on the space provided.

________1. Social status acquired by a person either by ascribed or achieved status of

characteristics.

________2. Social in-quality refers to the unequal distribution of wealth, and income.

________3. Ascribed status cannot be earned by any individual.

________4. Some socio-economic status examples are income, occupation, and

education.

________5. It is called achieved status if the society assigned individual based on fixed
category, regardless of its abilities and performances.

________6. All individuals are born unequal.

________7. Social stratification has four (4) classifications.

________8. Status can be fixed and earned depending on individual’s family and
capabilities.

________9. Political stratification happens globally.

________10. There is more capitalist class than working class.

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 3. Discrimination
2. Prejudice
1. Racism
Jumbled Letters:

6. Discrimination
5. Prejudice
4. Stereotyping
3. Ethnocentrism
2. Scapegoating
1. Racism
Racial and Ethnic Activity:

10. Bluff
9. Fact
8. Fact
7. Bluff
6. Bluff
5. Bluff
4. Bluff
3. Fact
2. Fact
1. Fact
PreTest/Posttest
Key to Correction:

References

Book:

Baleña,E., Lucero, D., Peralta, A.(2016).Understanding Culture, Society and Politics

for Senior High (pp.67-122). Educational Resources Corporation, Cubao Quezon City.

Online Resource:

Retrieved from quipperschool.com

https://methods.sagepub.com/reference/encyclopedia-of-survey-research
methods/n537.xml#:~:text=Social%20desirability%20is%20the%20tendency,be%20th
eir%20%22true%22%20answer.&text=The%20outcome%20of%20the%20strategy,soci
ally%20undesirable%20behaviors%20or%20attitudes.

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 SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

Becoming a Member of Society

Directions: Choose the best answer; write the letter on the space before the
number.
________1. It is the process that introduces people to social norms and customs
in which helps individual processes function well in society, and, in turn, helps
society run smoothly.
A. Assimilation C. Socialization
B. Accommodation D. Mobilization
_______2. This agent of socialization does not only teaches us subject knowledge
and life skills but also social skills through our interactions with teachers, staff,
and other students.
A. Family C. School
B. Work place D. Government
_______3. This agent of socialization considered to be the most important agent
of socialization. They not only teach us how to care for ourselves, but also give
us our first system of values, norms, and beliefs.
A. Family C. School
B. Work place D. Government
_______4. It is one of the agents of socialization that provides social welfare of
the state.
A. Family C. School
B. Work place D. Government
_______5. A social institution in which the key socializing influence among other
where increasingly pervasive information and communication of technologies
takes place.
A. Family C. School
B. Media D. Government
______6. This sociological term took place when individuals joint a certain
pattern of connections or links.
A. Socialization C. Social Network
B. Social Culture D. Social Norms
______7. This refers to structure which specific, stable arrangement of
institutions of human beings in a society interacts and live together.
A. Social Culture C. Social Norms
B. Social Network D. Social Structure
______ 8. It refers to informal rules that govern behavior in groups and societies
which often regarded as individuals' basic tool to connect society.
A. Social Culture C. Social Norms
B. Social Network D. Social Structure
_____ 9. A social norm that is repetitive or typical habits and patterns of
expected behavior followed within a group of community.
A. Folklore C. Laws
B. Folkways D. Mores
____10. A social norm that are enforced formally by a special political
organization.
A. Folklore C. Laws
B. Folkways D. Mores

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Social Organizations/Social Institutions
Directions: Fill in the blanks. Read the following statements. Choose the correct
answer inside the box. Write your answer in the space provided before each number.

group interaction Reference group Secondary groups

Sociology in-group Primary group
Social organization Out-group Social group

_______________1. It consist of individuals, who shared prevalent identity, interacts

with one another, and belongingness.
_______________2. The other term for this is “we group”.
_______________3. When action occurs between two persons it is called?
_______________4. This is a social group associated with competition or opposition.
_______________5. These are groups that were small in scale, and short term.
_______________6. This group is used as sociological term to understand social norms,
which then shape our values, ideas, behavior, and appearance.
_______________7. This group is temporary, casual, and limited in characteristics.
_______________8. This group is composed of two or more people regularly interact and
shared unity and collectiveness.
_______________9. It is characterized by a scientific study of society, culture, and
personality.
_______________10.This term is the scientific study of society, culture, and personality.

Social and Political Stratification

Jumbled Letters:
Directions: Answer the question by arranging the jumbled letters inside the box.
Write your answer in the boxes provided

ERPUJECID 1. A negative attitude of being judgmental to others.

DIDLME SCASL 2. These are the working class.
EGRNDEITNAQULIYE 3. The biases between sex and gender based discrimination
refers to sexism, to which contributes to social inequality.
CSOAPEATIGNG 4. This is attitude of taking the blame of you by others.
OEHMSICAR 5. The thinking of superiority among others race.
TNCEIRNTMC 6. Considering other group or societies are inferior to his own.
NOITANIMIRCSID 7. Deprivation of equal treatment because of lower class
status.
RSTEETPOYIGN 8. A tendency of having the same qualities because of a
common group.
ASOCILSTUATS 9. Acquired by a person either by ascribed or achieved status
of characteristics.
PUEPRSCASL 10. Refers to the elite.

1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

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 Development Team of the Module
Writer: Rinabel C. Borce

Editor: Victoria C. Navallo

Internal Reviewer: Aaron S. Enano
Illustrator/Layout Artist: Ma. Gwendelene J. Corañez

Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Aaron S. Enano
Education Program Supervisor – A.P.

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor – LRMS

Catherine C. Paningbatan
Learning Resource Librarian

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

Email Address: [email protected]

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