Scribd
Upload
41 views

Example Probability

The document contains 14 examples involving probability concepts: 1. The probability that two randomly selected groups of 5 players each from a team of 6 black and 4 white players will have the same number of black players. 2. The sample space and probabilities of events for an experiment involving coin tosses and die rolls. 3. The conditional probability that a student knew the answer to a multiple choice question given they answered it correctly, based on the probability of guessing the right answer. 4. The number of possible events/subsets that can be formed from given sample spaces. 5. The number of possible 7-digit telephone numbers under different restrictions on area codes and local codes. 6.

Uploaded by

陳志雄
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
41 views

Example Probability

The document contains 14 examples involving probability concepts: 1. The probability that two randomly selected groups of 5 players each from a team of 6 black and 4 white players will have the same number of black players. 2. The sample space and probabilities of events for an experiment involving coin tosses and die rolls. 3. The conditional probability that a student knew the answer to a multiple choice question given they answered it correctly, based on the probability of guessing the right answer. 4. The number of possible events/subsets that can be formed from given sample spaces. 5. The number of possible 7-digit telephone numbers under different restrictions on area codes and local codes. 6.

Uploaded by

陳志雄
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Examples on Probability (STAT1011)

1. A basketball team consists of 6 black and 4 white players. If the players are
randomly divided into two groups of size 5 each, what is the probability that
both groups will have the same number of black players?

2. A balanced coin is tossed and a head or a tail observed. If a head results, the coin
is tossed a second time. If a tail results on the first toss, a balanced die is rolled.

(a) Construct the sample space for this experiment. Assign a probability to each
outcome in the sample space.
(b) Describe the following events using outcomes:
i. Event A: a die to be rolled in the second stage
ii. Event B: exactly one tail to be observed
iii. Event C: exactly one head to be observed
(c) Find the probabilities of the events A, B, and C.
(d) Give the compositions of the following events:
∩ ∪ ∪
Ac , A B, A C, and Ac B c .
(e) Find the probabilities of the events given in part (d). Are A and C mutually
exclusive? Are B and C mutually exclusive?

3. In answering a question on multiple-choice test, a student either knows the answer


or guesses. Let p be the probability that the student knows the answer and 1 − p
the probability that the student guesses. Assume that a student who guesses
at the answer will be correct with probability 1/m, where m is the number of
multiple-choice alternatives. What is the conditional probability that a student
knew the answer to a question, given that he or she answered it correctly?

4. (a) Suppose a sample space contains four basic outcomes. How many different
events are there? that is, how many different subsets can you form?
(b) If a sample space contains k basic outcomes, how many events are there?

5. A telephone number consists of 7 digits (the first (leading) digit cannot be zero),
the first three digits form an area code and the last four digits form a local code.

(a) How many different telephone numbers are possible?


(b) For a certain area code (say, 874), how many different telephone numbers
are possible?
(c) If we prefer the four digits of a local code to be different, how many different
telephone numbers under a certain area code are possible?
(d) If we prefer the four digits of a local code to be different from the digits
used in area code (the digits of area code may not be different), how many
different telephone numbers are possible?

1
6. From a groups of 4 men and 5 women, how many committees of size 3 are possible

(a) with no restrictions?


(b) with 1 man and 2 women?
(c) with 2 men and 1 woman if a certain man must be on the committee?

7. Events A, B, and C are defined on sample space S. Their corresponding sets of


sample points do not intersect and their union is S. Further, event B is twice
as likely to occur as event A, and event C is twice as likely to occur as event B.
Determine the probability of each of these three events.

8. If P (A) = 0.3 and P (B) = 0.4 and if A and B are mutually exclusive events, find
∪ ∩ ∪ ∩ ∪
the following: P (Ac ), P (A B), P (A B), P (Ac B), P (Ac B), and P (Ac B c ).

9. A parts store sells both new and used parts. Sixty percent of the parts in stock
are used. Sixty-one percent are used or defective. If 5 percent of the store’s parts
are defective, what percent are both used and defective?

10. Twenty percent of the population watched a TV football games on Saturday, 30%
watched a football game on Sunday, and 15% watched both games. An automobile
firm purchased advertising on both telecasts and wants to know the following:

(a) What proportion of the population saw at least one of the games?
(b) What proportion of the population saw neither of the games?

11. Union officials report that 60 percent of the workers at a large factory belong to
the union, 90 percent make over $5 per hour, and 40 percent belong to the union
and make over $5 per hour. Do you believe these percentages? Explain.

12. A fair coin is flipped twice. What is the conditional probability that both flips
result in heads, given that the first flip does?

13. The organization for which Mr. Jones works is running a father-son dinner for
those employees having at least one son. Each of these employees is invited to
attend along with his eldest son. If Jones is known to have two children, what
is the conditional probability that they are both boys, given that he is invited to
the dinner?

14. A laboratory blood test is 95 percent effective in detecting a certain disease when
it is, in fact, present. However, the test also yields a “false positive” result for
1 percent of the healthy persons tested. (That is, if a healthy person is tested,
then, with probability .01, the test result will imply he or she has the disease.)
If .5 percent of the population actually has the disease, what is the probability a
person has the disease given that the test result is positive?

You might also like