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    Trial and Execution Lesson

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    Havier Esparaguera
    Rizal was charged with subversion for his writings and involvement with underground organizations opposing Spanish colonial rule. Key evidence presented against him included his letters and writings. Rizal defended himself but could not refute the documentary evidence or testimonies against him. He was sentenced to death by firing squad. Decades later, debate continues over an alleged retraction letter said to renounce his previous anti-colonial and anti-Catholic statements.

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    Trial and Execution Lesson

    Uploaded by

    Havier Esparaguera
    136 views2 pages
    Rizal was charged with subversion for his writings and involvement with underground organizations opposing Spanish colonial rule. Key evidence presented against him included his letters and writings. Rizal defended himself but could not refute the documentary evidence or testimonies against him. He was sentenced to death by firing squad. Decades later, debate continues over an alleged retraction letter said to renounce his previous anti-colonial and anti-Catholic statements.

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    T apnd E

    Original Title

    TRIAL AND EXECUTION LESSON

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    Rizal was charged with subversion for his writings and involvement with underground organizations opposing Spanish colonial rule. Key evidence presented against him included his letters and writings. Rizal defended himself but could not refute the documentary evidence or testimonies against him. He was sentenced to death by firing squad. Decades later, debate continues over an alleged retraction letter said to renounce his previous anti-colonial and anti-Catholic statements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    136 views2 pages

    Trial and Execution Lesson

    Uploaded by

    Havier Esparaguera
    Rizal was charged with subversion for his writings and involvement with underground organizations opposing Spanish colonial rule. Key evidence presented against him included his letters and writings. Rizal defended himself but could not refute the documentary evidence or testimonies against him. He was sentenced to death by firing squad. Decades later, debate continues over an alleged retraction letter said to renounce his previous anti-colonial and anti-Catholic statements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

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    |ose Rizal is regarded


    as one of the martyrs
    who sacrificed their Iives
    Tn-rnl Execurtox for the attainment of the
    rights of the Filipinos and
    of Philippine freedom.
    Martyrs usually suffer due
    to their religious faith and
    This section presents the journey of |ose Rizal to Bagumbayan- beliefs. But a martyr can
    from his last homecoming to his trial and death. also suffer persecution
    Depiction of the Trial of Dr. Jose Rizal
    and death for advocating,
    renouncing, and refusing to advocate or renounce beliefas demanded
    a

    by an external party. Rizal is truly a martyr for demonstrating an


    At the end of this section, the students should be able to:
    unwavering commitment to free the Filipinos from colonial bondage.
    f. identify the accusations that led to Rizal's trial and execution; Rizal's death was considered as an impactful episode in Philippine
    2. analyze the effects ofRizal's execution on Spanish colonial rule history because it was not only the death of a martyr but also the birth
    IH
    and the Philippine revolution; and of reforms in society and the transformation of the lives of Filipinos. rl
    3. debate on the issue ofRizal's alleged retraction letter.
    Rizal was charged and put to death for what his enemies considered as
    "subversion." He was also accused of forming an organization that posted
    a severe threat to the existing social order at that time. ,r,il
    Even the supposed trial where Rizal could have defended himself
    Instructions: was a hoax. There was allegedly a preliminary investigation that ran for
    1. In groups of four members each, research on a famous celebrity or five days. After the investigation, Rizal was said to have been informed of
    personality who faced a court trial. the charges against him before a judge advocate.

    2. Read and familiarize yourselves with the overview of the case and Rizal was presented with two kinds of evidence, documentary
    take note of the following information: evidence and testimonials, which he could not refute. The documentary It
    a. What case was filed? evidence included but not limited to the following: the letters he wrote
    to the propagandists and to his family, and the letters he received from lilrilfr!
    b. Who was the legal counsel of the defendant and what pieces of
    them; the poem Kundiman; and a Masonic document honoring Rizal's
    evidence were presented in his or her defense?
    patriotic services. Also found as documentary evidence was a letter ffi
    c. Who was the prosecuting lawyer and what pieces of evidence signed by Dimasalang (pen name of )ose Rizal) which stated that he
    h*
    were presented to prove his or her guilt? prepared a safe refuge for Filipinos who suffered persecution from the

    d. What was the verdict? Spanish authorities; an anonymous and undated letter to the editor of
    a Hong Kong telegraph censuring the banishment of Rizal to Dapitan;

    2r9
    218
    I
    &.izai's fferoism, the Sdation, and the VlIsriC
    Trial and Execution

    a transcript of the speech of Pingkian (pen name of Emilio |acinto) in a


    Rizal spent his last 24 hours in his prison cell. During his last hours,
    reunion of the Katipunan; a transcript of the speech of Tik-Tik (pen name
    he was visited by his family and wrote a letter to his "second brother"
    of fose Turiano Santiago); and a poem by Laong Laan (another pen name
    Ferdinand Blumentritt. Then, in the morning of December 30, 1896,
    of |ose Rizal) titled "Himno A Talisay."
    Rizal set on his walk from Fort Santiago to Bagumbayan square where
    Testimonies against Rizal were given by Martin Constantino, he eventually faced his death. Up to the last minute at Fort Santiago,
    Aguedo del Rosario, |ose Reyes, Moises Salvador, |ose Dizon, Domingo Rizal defied orders from his captors as he was instructed to face the
    Franco, Deodato Arellano, Pio Valenzuela, Antonio Salazar, Francisco sea and turn his back against the firing squad. But Rizal wanted to do
    Quison, and Timoteo Paez. Rizal, however, did not know or had not met otherwise. Instead, he faced the firing squad to show his innocence of
    most of the people included in the list. the charges thrown at him. But the Spanish authorities forced him to
    Rizal was immediately sent to trial and held in prison after the face backwards and shot him at the back instead ofthe head. The shot at
    evidences were reviewed. Alongside his incarceration, his properties the back allowed him to turn his body sideways and fell on the ground
    were seized as indemnity and he had to pay one million pesos. Instead with his face upward. Rizal's last word, as that of |esus Christ, was
    of a civilian lawyer, an army officer, Luis Taviel de Andrade, represented "Con summ atum E st" is finished.
    -It
    Rizal in court. After 39 years from Rizal's death, one significant issue that
    During the trial, Rizal defended himself when he said that he did not came out in 1935 was the argument about Rizal's retraction of all his
    question the jurisdiction of the court, but he had nothing to admit on the statements against the Catholic Church and the Spanish government via
    ffi
    charges against him as well as on the declarations of the witnesses who a document-a handwritten retraction letter allegedly written by Rizal. ilil
    testified against him. What he only needed to clarify was the charge that Up to this point, the authenticity of the document has been a subject of
    he dealt with political matters while in exile. Drcspite all pleadings, the debate.
    court voted for Rizal to be sentenced to death. $1nil

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