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Open Source: 434963 Putera Mohd Zuhear Bin Zainal Abidin 4kappa

Open SOURCE refers to practices in production and development that promote access to the end product's source materials. Open SOURCE gained hold with the rise of the internet, and the need for massive retooling of the computing source code. A main principle and practice of OPEN SOURCE software development is peer production by bartering and collaboration.

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Mohd Zuhear
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74 views

Open Source: 434963 Putera Mohd Zuhear Bin Zainal Abidin 4kappa

Open SOURCE refers to practices in production and development that promote access to the end product's source materials. Open SOURCE gained hold with the rise of the internet, and the need for massive retooling of the computing source code. A main principle and practice of OPEN SOURCE software development is peer production by bartering and collaboration.

Uploaded by

Mohd Zuhear
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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434963 PUTERA MOHD ZUHEAR BIN ZAINAL ABIDIN

4KAPPA

OPEN SOURCE

The term open source describes practices in production and development that promote

access to the end product's source materials. Some consider open source a philosophy, others
consider it apragmatic methodology. Before the term open source became widely adopted,
developers and producers used a variety of phrases to describe the concept; open source gained
hold with the rise of the Internet, and the attendant need for massive retooling of the
computing source code. Opening the source code enabled a self-enhancing diversity of
production models, communication paths, and interactive communities. Subsequently, the new
phrase "open-source software" was born to describe the environment that the
new copyright, licensing, domain, and consumer issues created.

The open source model includes the concept of concurrent yet different agendas and
differing approaches in production, in contrast with more centralized models
of development such as those typically used in commercial software companies. A main
principle and practice of open source software development is peer
production by bartering and collaboration, with the end-product, source-material, "blueprints",
and documentation available at no cost to the public. This is increasingly being applied in other
fields of endeavor, such as biotechnology.
1.The latest open source 0S

Open Source Operating System is the most important program that runs on
a computer that is free to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it
in modified or unmodified forms. Every general-purpose computer must have an
operating system to run other programs. Operating systems perform basic tasks, such
as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping
track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such
as disk drives and printers.

1.1 Two Examples:

KUBUNTU LINUX

A user friendly operating system based on KDE, the K Desktop Environment.With a


predictable 6 month release cycle and part of the Ubuntu project, Kubuntu isthe GNU/Linux
distribution for everyone. Improved desktop, updated applicationsand increased usability
features are just a few of the surprises with this latest release.
Fedora Linux

A Linux-based operating system that showcases the latest in free and open

source software. Fedora is always free for anyone to use, modify, and distribute. It is

built by people across the globe who work together as a community: the Fedora

Project. The Fedora Project is open and anyone is welcomed to join.


2.Open source application software

Open Source Application Software (also called as end-user programs) includes


database programs, word processors, and spreadsheets. It is free to use, change, and
improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms.

Example

Open office

An office application set (for word processing, spreadsheet manipulation,


picture drawing and data base access) compatible with all other major office
application sets such as Office and available for Windows and Mac as well as Linux
and other UNIX systems.
Squirrelmail
An email application (for reading and writing email through a web client
program) supporting IMAP and SMTP and available for Windows and Mac as well as
Linux and other UNIX systems.
3.0The Latest Development in ICT

4.1Hardware (Lexmark X8350 and Lexmark X9575 Professional)


Lexmark X8350 is a printer that can prints up to 19 ppm colour and up to 25
ppm black. This printer also can print, copy, scan, fax, reduce and enlarge photos and
documents. The exclusive Lexmark Photo Editor Software enhances photos. Beside
that, this printer also can fax with 89 speed dials and 10 groups with 30 numbers per
group, 5 quick dial buttons, Caller ID and distinctive ring detection. Users also can
adjust ringer volume, call waiting disable capability, automatic redial, confirmation,
error and activity reports, broadcast transmission and delayed transmission, junk fax
block, auto Answer Button and scan before dial. Fax forwarding & print, BVRP Host
Fax Solution, Print-to-Fax via Lexmark N4000e or N4050e print server with send
only. The printer can support Compact Flash Type I & II, Memory Stick, Memory
Stick Pro, Memory Stick Duo with adapter, Microdrive, Multi Media, Secure Digital,
Mini Secure Digital (Mini SD), SmartMedia and XD cards.
Lexmark X9575 Professional let users gain freedom and flexibility with
built-in 802.11g wireless technology. Compatible with Wi-Fi certified IEEE
802.11g/b/n. High quality printing from virtually anywhere over a secure wireless
network. Share the Lexmark X9575 among multiple computers. In addition, users can
fax up to 50-pages capacity Auto Document Feeder (ADF) for multiple page faxing
and copying. Standalone black and color faxing with 33.6 Kbps modem speed 99-
speed dials, automatic redial, supports caller ID and up to 100-page fax memory. User
also can view and edit photos as large as 2.4" (6 cm) color display, print directly from
digital memory card, PictBridge™ compatible digital cameras or USB Flash drive and
fast borderless photos on popular photo sizes. Lexmark Productivity Studio Software
makes it easy to crop, rotate, resize photos and apply photo effects, plus 1-touch color
fix and red eye reduction. This printer can also scan flatbed scanner with 48-bit color
depth; 16-bit grayscale. The resolution is up to 1200 x 4800 dpi optical resolution. It
also have function that can copy with 1-touch PC-free copying (color or black) 1 to 99
copies at a time. This printer also allows users to print fast. It is up to 33 ppm black
and 28 ppm color printing. It also can print Microsoft Office documents and PDFs
directly from USB Flash drives.
4.2Software (Adobe Photoshop CS3 and CS4)
Adobe Photoshop CS3 is marketed with three main components of
improvement over previous versions. Adobe Creative Suite 3 (CS3) was announced
on March 27, 2007. It introduced universal binaries for all major programs for the
Apple Macintosh. It work more productively, edit with unrivalled power, and
composite with breakthrough tools. New features propagating productivity include
streamlined interface, improved Camera Raw, better control over print options,
enhanced PDF support, and better management with Adobe Bridge. Editing tools new
to CS3 are the Clone Source palette and nondestructive Smart Filters, and other
features such as the Brightness/Contrast adjustment and Vanishing Point module were
enhanced. The Black and White adjustment option improves users control over
manual grayscale conversions with a dialog box similar to that of Channel Mixer.
Compositing is assisted with Photoshop's new Quick Selection and Refine Edge tools
and improved Image Stitching Technology. CS3 Extended contains all features of CS3
plus tools for editing and importing some 3D graphics file formats, enhancing video,
and comprehensive image analysis tools, utilizing MATLAB integration and DICOM
file support.

Adobe Photoshop CS4 was announced on September 23, 2008 as the


successor to Adobe Creative Suite 3. It was officially released on October 15, 2008.
CS4 features additions such as the ability to paint directly on 3D models, wrap 2D
images around 3D shapes, convert gradient maps to 3D objects, add depth to layers
and text, get print-quality output with the new ray-tracing rendering engine, and enjoy
exporting to supported common 3D formats, the new Adjustment and Mask Panels,
content-aware scaling, and Fluid Canvas Rotation and File display options. On 30
April, Adobe released Photoshop CS4 Extended, which includes all the same features
of Adobe Photoshop CS4 with the addition of capabilities for scientific imaging, 3D,
and high end film and video users. The successor to Photoshop CS3, Photoshop CS4,
is the first 64-bit Photoshop on consumer computers.
4.0 Pervasive Computing

5.1 Meaning

The idea that technology is moving beyond the personal computer to everyday
devices with embedded technology and connectivity as computing devices become
progressively smaller and more powerful. Also called ubiquitous computing,
pervasive computing is the result of computer technology advancing at exponential
speeds - a trend toward all man-made and some natural products having hardware and
software. Pervasive computing goes beyond the realm of personal computers.
It is the idea that almost any device, from clothing to tools to appliances to
cars to homes to the human body to your coffee mug, can be imbedded with chips to
connect the device to an infinite network of other devices. The goal of pervasive
computing, which combines current network technologies with wireless
computing, voice recognition, Internet capability and artificial intelligence, is to
create an environment where the connectivity of devices is embedded in such a way
that the connectivity is unobtrusive and always available.
5.2 Examples

Smartphone
A smartphone is a mobile phone offering advanced capabilities, often with PC-
like functionality. There is no industry standard definition of a smartphone. For some,
a smartphone is a phone that runs complete operating system software providing a
standardized interface and platform for application developers. For others, a
smartphone is simply a phone with advanced features like e-mail, Internet and e-book
reader capabilities, and/or a built-in full keyboard or external USB keyboard and
VGA connector. In other words, it is a miniature computer that has phone capability.
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a handheld computer, also known as a palmtop
computer. Newer PDAs also have both color screens and audio capabilities, enabling
them to be used as mobile phones, web browsers, or portable media players. Many
PDAs can access the Internet via Wi-Fi, or Wireless Wide-Area Networks (WWANs).
Many PDAs employ touch screen technology.

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