Tan, Zandriex Rae

BSCE 1 – CMPE 20012

Module 3: ACTIVITIES/ASSESSMENT

Activity 3.1 – Define or describe the following using your own words and understanding.

1. Computer Hardware
a. Computer hardware (often referred to as "hardware" in the computing
environment) is the collection of physical components that make up a computer
system. Computer hardware refers to the actual pieces or components of a
computer, such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard disk
drive (HDD), graphic cards, sound cards, RAM, motherboard, and other tangible
items. Software, on the other hand, is a set of instructions that may be stored and
executed by hardware.
2. Microprocessor
a. A microprocessor is a small electronic device that includes the arithmetic, logic,
and control circuitry needed to fulfill the operations of a central processing unit in
a digital computer. This type of integrated circuit, in effect, can comprehend and
execute program instructions as well as perform arithmetic calculations.
3. Arithmetic Logic Unit
a. The portion of a computer processor (CPU) that performs arithmetic and logic
operations on the operands of computer instruction words is known as an
arithmetic-logic unit (ALU). The ALU is separated into two units in certain
processors: an arithmetic unit (AU) and a logic unit (LU) (LU). Some processors
have several AUs, one for fixed-point operations and another for floating-point
operations, for example. (Floating point operations are sometimes performed by a
floating point unit on a separate chip called a numeric coprocessor in personal
computers.)
4. Control Unit
a. The central processing unit's control unit manages and unifies the computer's
activities. It picks and retrieves instructions from the main memory in the correct
order, then interprets them to activate the system's other functional units at the
right time to accomplish their tasks. All input data is transferred to the arithmetic-
logic unit via the main memory for processing, which includes the four basic
arithmetic functions as well as certain logic operations like data comparison and
the selection of the desired problem-solving procedure or viable alternative based
on predetermined decision criteria.
5. Read Only Memory
a. A device's Read-Only Memory (ROM) is a sort of electronic storage that is
incorporated in during the manufacturing process. ROM chips are found in
computers and a variety of other electronic devices; VCRs, gaming consoles, and
vehicle radios all rely on ROM to accomplish their jobs. ROM chips are either
incorporated into an external unit – such as flash drives and other auxiliary
 memory devices – or put on a detachable chip into the device's circuitry. Non-
volatile memory, such as ROM, may function without a power source.
6. Random Access Memory
a. RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of memory that is installed in the
motherboard's memory slots. RAM's job is to store on-the-fly information
produced by programs in a way that makes it readily available. Rendering pictures
for graphic design, editing video or photography, and multi-tasking with many
programs open are all examples of jobs that demand random RAM (for example,
running a game on one screen and chatting via Discord on the other). The amount
of RAM you'll need is determined by the apps you'll be executing. When used in
conjunction with other applications, medium-intensity gaming typically consumes
8GB of RAM, whereas video/graphic design can need up to 16GB of RAM.
7. Secondary Storage
a. Storage devices and storage media that are not always directly accessible by a
computer are referred to as secondary storage technology. This is in contrast to
main storage, such as an internal hard drive, which is always available. External
hard drives, USB flash drives, and tape drives are examples of supplementary
storage devices. To be used by the system, these devices must be linked to the
computer's external I/O ports. They could or might not need their own power
source. Recordable CDs and DVDs, floppy disks, and detachable disks like Zip
and Jaz disks are examples of secondary storage medium. To be read by the
computer, each of these types of media must be placed into the corresponding
drive. While floppy disks and detachable disks are no longer widely utilized, CDs
and DVDs remain a popular method of storing and transferring data. Secondary
storage technology is widely utilized for archiving and backup purposes since it is
not constantly accessible by a computer. A secondary storage device can be used
to restore a recent backup to a fresh system if a computer stops working. As a
result, if you backup your data to a secondary storage device, make sure you do
frequent backups and examine the data on a regular basis.
8. Input Hardware
a. Any physical device that transmits data to a computer and allows you to interact
with and control it is referred to as an input device. An input device, such as a
Logitech trackball mouse, is seen in the image. The keyboard and mouse are the
most often used or major input devices on a computer. Other devices, on the other
hand, can be used to enter data into a computer.
9. Hard Disk Drive
a. A hard drive is a data storage device that stores both permanent and temporary
data. This information can take numerous forms, but it essentially refers to
everything saved or installed on a computer, such as computer programs, family
pictures, operating systems, word-processing papers, and so on.
10. Output Hardware
a. An output device is a piece of computer hardware that takes data from a computer
and converts it into a different format. This can be in the form of audio, video,
text, or physical copy, such as a printed paper. An input device gives data to the
computer, whereas an output device receives data from it. Employing a
microphone to record a podcast, for instance, is an example of using an input
device. An example of using an output device is listening to a recorded podcast
using a connected speaker. Auxiliary or peripheral devices include both output
and input devices.