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Simple Two Way Intercom Circuit: Materials Required

This document describes a simple two-way intercom circuit that allows two-way communication within a home or school using basic electronic components. The circuit uses an LM386 audio amplifier to receive audio signals from two microphones, amplify the signals, and transmit them to two speakers. A SPDT switch is used to select which microphone's signal is sent to the amplifier at a time, allowing only half-duplex communication. The circuit can be powered by a 9V battery and allows users to talk alternately into the microphones to communicate bidirectionally through the paired speakers.

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Karan Singh
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97 views4 pages

Simple Two Way Intercom Circuit: Materials Required

This document describes a simple two-way intercom circuit that allows two-way communication within a home or school using basic electronic components. The circuit uses an LM386 audio amplifier to receive audio signals from two microphones, amplify the signals, and transmit them to two speakers. A SPDT switch is used to select which microphone's signal is sent to the amplifier at a time, allowing only half-duplex communication. The circuit can be powered by a 9V battery and allows users to talk alternately into the microphones to communicate bidirectionally through the paired speakers.

Uploaded by

Karan Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SIMPLE TWO WAY INTERCOM CIRCUIT

Introduction :
Most of the schools and offices have intercoms to communicate with
people inside a building or a particular campus. These are just like landline
phones but, you do not need an operator, the voice received from one end
will be directly transferred to the receiver on the other end. In this circuit
we are going to build a very ​Simple Intercom Circuit ​using which you can
communicate ​two ways​ locally within your house or school. This project
brings in the childhood memory of using matchboxes with thread to build a
simple telephone. So now let’s take it to the next level by building an
electronic circuit (amplifier) to transmit voice from one end to another end.

Materials Required:

1. LM386 Audio Amplifier 


2. Speaker (2Nos) 
3. Microphone (2Nos) 
4. Resistors (10k, 4.7k, 10k) 
5. Capacitor (0.1uf, 0.1uf, 10uf, 10uf) 
6. SPDT switch 
7. Breadboard 

Circuit Diagram and Explanation: 

As  you  can  see,  the  circuit  is  very  simple  and can be easily built over a breadboard. The 
main  concept  behind  the  circuit  is  the  use  of  ​LM386  audio amplifier which receives the 
audio  signal  from  a  microphone,  amplifies  it  and  plays  it  on  the  speaker.  The  ​LM386 
has  a  gain  range  from  20-200;  by  default  the  value  of  gain  is  20  but  can  be  increased 
upto  200  by  using  a  capacitor  across  pins  1  and  8.  Here  we  have  used  a  capacitor  of 
10uF  to  get  the  maximum  gain  of  200.  The  resistor  R2  is  used  to control the volume of 
the  speaker;  here  I  have  limited  the  volume  to  medium  level  using  a  4.7K  resistor.  You 
can experiment with values from 1k-100k to get the volume of your choice. 
The  output  of  the  amplifier  (pin  5)  is  connected  to  both  the  speakers.  One  speaker  will 
be  used  in  set-1  and  the  other  in  set-2  as  shown  in  the circuit diagram. The input of the 
amplifier  is  the  microphone  (microphone  has  polarity  so be careful while connecting it), 
We  cannot  amplify  the  sound  from  both  the  microphone  at  the  same  time,  so we use a 
SPDT (single pole double throw) switch​ as shown above. 
The  ​SPDT  switch  will  connect  only  one  microphone  to  the  amplifier  at  a  time​.  So  only 
one  person  can  talk  at  a  time,  this  type  of  communication  is  called  ​half-duplex 
communication  and  this  is  what  we  see  in  ​walkie-talkies​.  Each  time  after  speaking 
something  the  user  has  to  flip  this  SPDT  switch  for  the person on the other end to start 
talking. 
Working of Intercom Circuit:
The above circuit diagram is followed to make the connections. 
The  complete  circuit  is  built  on  a  breadboard,  and  is  ​powered  by  a  9V  battery​.  The 
circuit  can  also  run  on  voltage  between  5V  to  12V.  Now  place  the  SPDT  switch  in  a 
position  and speak into the respective microphone your voice should be echoed on both 
the  speakers.  Similarly  place  the  switch  in  the  opposite  position  and  talk  into  the  other 
microphone  and  check  if  you  can  hear  the  sound  of  the  speakers.  Initially  we  can 
experiment  with  the  circuit  by  blowing  air  into  the  microphone  and check if the speaker 
produces some noise. 
 
 

Advantages of intercom: 
 
1. Integration with CCTV 
Intercom systems are often used to supplement secure access to a facility.
Rather than allowing unauthorized persons open access to a building, a posted
employee can see the individual from inside the building using the closed circuit
television (CCTV) cameras. Both parties can communicate reciprocally using the
intercom system. This process allows for higher security at the access points of a
building 
2. Improved communication 
Intercom systems have been used to easy communication within a building.
Intercom speakers placed at strategic points in a building make it easy for
everyone in a building to receive a message at the same time. Important
announcements can be made with the intercom. An intercom also makes it easy
to find a specific individual quickly, which can be especially important when time
is scarce. 
3. Versatility 
An intercom system can be used for more than just inter-office communication
and exterior door access. Intercom combined with interior door access can
restrict access​ to certain wings or rooms within a facility. This ensures that only
authorized personnel are allowed in high-priority areas. 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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