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Electrical Stimulation

The document discusses various types of electrotherapy equipment used in medical treatment, including TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation), ultrasound therapy, and interferential therapy. It provides details on how each works, common uses for pain relief, contraindications, and operation parameters. Across all equipment, caution is advised regarding proper use to avoid potential side effects like burns or interference with other devices.

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Md Sherajul Haque
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148 views11 pages

Electrical Stimulation

The document discusses various types of electrotherapy equipment used in medical treatment, including TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation), ultrasound therapy, and interferential therapy. It provides details on how each works, common uses for pain relief, contraindications, and operation parameters. Across all equipment, caution is advised regarding proper use to avoid potential side effects like burns or interference with other devices.

Uploaded by

Md Sherajul Haque
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrotherapy (Instruments) :-

DEFINITION :- Electrotherapy is the medical use of


Medical energy as a medical treatment.

There are various categories of electrotherapy


equipment that we use in medical fields for
treatment.. Some most common type of
equipment’s that we use are given below:-
PRECUATION :-
1..USE CAUTION in applying at high amplitude directly over areas where bone is
superficial.  Periosteal pain can result.

2. USE CAUTION when applying in areas of excessive adipose tissue since the high levels
of stimulation necessary to activate underlying structures may cause pain or autonomic
reactions

3. USE CAUTION in applying within 3 feet of a transmitting cellular phone or two-way radio.
This may cause electrotherapy equipment malfunction.

4 USE CAUTION in applying near the uterus during pregnancy and delivery. (The possible
effects on a fetus are not known.)

5 USE CAUTION in applying within 10 feet of Group 2 ISM equipment that generates
high frequency or high energy electromagnetic radiation. Such equipment includes welding or
cutting equipment, diathermy units & surgical electro cautery units. This may cause
electrotherapy equipment malfunction.
6. USE CAUTION when applying in the region of the urinary bladder because the current
may interfere with normal function

7. USE CAUTION when applying over scar tissue because the scar will have an increased
electrical resistance. The current will preferentially travel around the scar causing increased
current density at the edges of the scar with possible burning.
 
8. USE CAUTION in applying to a patient with history of metastatic disease.

9.  USE CAUTION in a patient with poor sensation."

TENS:-
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy involves the use
of low-voltage electric currents to treat pain. A small device delivers the
current at or near nerves. TENS therapy blocks or changes your perception of
pain.
Figure :- TENS( Transcutaneous electrical nerve
stimulation)

INDICATION :-
TENS therapy has been used or is being studied to relieve both chronic
(long lasting) and acute (short-term) pain. Some of the most common
conditions for which TENS has been used include:

 Osteoarthritis (disease of the joints).


 Fibromyalgia (aching and pain in muscles, tendons, and joints all
over the body, especially along the spine.
 Tendinitis (an inflammation or irritation of a tendon).
 Bursitis (inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints).
 Labour pain.
 Low back pain.
 Chronic pelvic pain.
 Diabetic neuropathy (damage to the nerves that connect the brain
and spinal cord to the rest of the body).
 Peripheral artery disease (“hardening of the arteries” that circulate
blood to the body).

CONTRA- INDICATION :-
Although it is safe for most people, experts recommend that some groups of
people avoid TENS treatment unless a doctor advises its use.

This recommendation applies to the following people:

 Pregnant women: Pregnant women should avoid using TENS in the


abdominal and pelvic regions.
 People with epilepsy: Applying electrodes to the head or neck of
people with epilepsy may induce seizures.
 People with heart problems.
 People with a pacemaker or another type of electrical or metal
implant.

DURATION, FREQUENCY, INTENSITY :-


Intensity: A dial allows the user to adjust the intensity of the electrical
stimulation.

Frequency: The frequency refers to the number of electrical pulses per


second. High-frequency (HF) pulses range from 80 to 120 cycles per
second and may help manage acute pain. Low-frequency (LF) pulses range
from 1 to 20 cycles per second and are suitable for the treatment of chronic
pain.

Duration: The duration is the number of microseconds that the current enters
the skin for during each pulse.

UST(ULTRASOUND THERAPY)
Ultrasound equipment generates high-frequency sound waves that are
transferred to a specific body area via a round-headed probe. The sound
waves travel deep into tissue (eg. muscles), creating gentle heat.
How does the patient benefit from ultrasound:-

As the probe glides over the skin's surface, sound waves penetrate the skin's
surface causing soft tissues to vibrate, creating heat. In turn, the heat induces
vasodilation: drawing blood into the target tissues. Increased blood flow delivers
needed oxygen and nutrients, and removes cell wastes.

The heat helps relieve pain and inflammation, reduce muscle spasms, and
accelerate healing. Depending on the treatment area, range of motion may be
increased.
How does ultrasound workTherapeutic ultrasound is often used

INDICATION:-
Treating chronic pain and promoting tissue healing. It may be recommended
if you experience any of the following conditions:

 carpal tunnel syndrome


 shoulder pain, including frozen shoulder
 tendonitis
 ligament injuries
 joint tightening

CONTRA – INDICATION :-
IFT( INTERFERENTIAL THERAPY)
Definition :-Interferential therapy is a form of
electrical treatment in which two medium
frequency currents are used to produce a low
frequency effect at any tissue depth without the
problem of skin resistance.
PRINCIPLES OF INTERFERENTIAL THERAPY:-
1.overcome the problem of skin resistance
2.The interference effect :-4000Hz and 4100Hz
3.Skin current compensation
4.Variations of interference.
5.Frequency scale:- 1 to 100 Hz constant
frequency.
1 to 10 Hz rhythmic frequency
90 to 100 Hz rhythmic frequency.
The word rhythmic indicators that the frequency
swings continuously changing the frequencies
from the lower value to higher value.
6.Interferential vector system :- The
interference field is rotated at an angle 45.
7.Electrokinesy:- The actual current applied to
the patient 4000 Hz, but carrying a low
frequency modulation
8.Interfenrential current with galvanism
9.stereodynamic IFT.
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT
 Relief of pain
 A plecebo effect
 Muscle contraction
 Control of swelling
 Treatment of stress incontinence. Especially in
pregnant women.

INDICATION
1.Pain
2.Muscle spasm
3.Haematoma
4.Oedema
5.Chronic ligamentous lesion
6.Stress incontinence
7.Delayed union
8.Trigger spots in myofascial syndrome.
Contra-indication

 Arterial disease
 Thrombophlebitis
 Infective conditions
 Pregnant uterus
 Haemorrhage
 Malignant tumours
 Cardiac pacemakers
 During menstruation
 Febrile conditions
 Large open wounds
 Unbelievable patient
 Dermatological conditions

Beat frequency :-

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