Enriched Math Grade 9 Q1 M3

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Advanced Algebra

and Trigonometry 9
Quarter 1
Self Learning Module 3
Complex Numbers
Multiplication and Division
Enriched Mathematics – Grade 9
Quarter 1 – Self Learning Module 3: Complex Numbers (Multiplication and
Division)
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module


Writer: Daniel G. Reyes
Editor: Revie G. Santos
Reviewers: Revie G. Santos; Ma. Victoria L. Peñalosa
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)


Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of


Pasig City
Advanced Algebra
and Trigonometry 9
Quarter 1
Self – Learning Module 3
Complex Numbers
Multiplication and Division
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Enriched Mathematics Grade 9 Self-Learning Module on


Multiplication and Division of Complex Numbers!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and


reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and


independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher


This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:

Welcome to the Enriched Mathematics Self-Learning Module on


Multiplication and Division of Complex Numbers!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills


that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson


at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts


and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module. 

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and


application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the


lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
EXPECTATIONS
1. Describe and illustrate the multiplication and division of complex
numbers.
2. Describe and illustrate the conjugates of complex numbers.
3. Find the product and quotient of complex numbers.
4. Show accuracy and neatness in doing one’s work.

PRETEST

Multiple Choice.

1. The product of 6 (-4 + 11i) is


A. -24 + 66i C. 24 + 66i
B. -24 – 66i D. 24 – 66i
2. What is the product of (5 + 3i) and (9 – 2i)?
A. 45 + 7i C. 45 + 7i – 6i2
B. 51 + 7i D. 45 + 2i
3. What is the conjugate of 5 + 7i?
A. 5 + 7i C. 5 – 7i
B. -5 + 7i D. -5 – 7i
5+2i
4. What is the quotient of 2i ?
5 i−2 5 i+2
A. 2 C. 2
5 i−2 −5 i+2
B. 2 D. 2
12+5i
5. Divide 3−7i
1+99i −1+99i
A. 58 C. 58
1−99 i −1−99 i
B. 58 D. 58
RECAP

Perform the indicated operations.


1. 10i - (4 – 7i) – 12i + (17 – 6i)
2. (7 + 4i) – 12i – 23i - (4 + 4i)
3. (6 + 11i) + (8 -3i) - (10 – 7i)
4. (6 + 7i) + (5 + 8i) – (9 – 11i)
5. (9 + 8i) + (7 – 13i) - (2 – 2i)

LESSON

To multiply two complex numbers, simply multiply the factors same


as multiplying polynomials but always remember that i 2 = 1.

Examples: Perform the indicated operations.

1. (-12i)(4i)
Multiply -12(4) = -48
i(i) = i2 but i2 = -1
So (-12i)(4i) = -48i2 = -48(-1) = 48

2. 8(7 – 3i)
We used the distributive property to multiply a real number by a complex
number. 
By Distributive Property 8(7) = 56 ; 8(-3i) = -24i
So 8(7 – 3i) = 56 – 24i

3. (5 + 3i)(4 – 6i)
Using Foil Method First terms 5(4) = 20
Outer terms5(-6i) = -30i
Inner terms 3i(4) = 12i
Last terms 3i(-6i) = -18i2 but i2 = -1
= 18
So, (5 + 3i)(4 – 6i) = 20 – 30i + 12 i + 18 = 38 – 18i

4. 5(4 + 3i) – 5(6 – 2i)


By Distributive property 5(4 + 3i) – 5(6 – 2i) = 20 + 15i – 30 + 10i
So, 5(4 + 3i) – 5(6 – 2i) = -10 + 25i
5. (7 + 8i)2
We used the product of the square of binomial by complex numbers.
Square the 1st term 72 = 49
Twice the product of the 1st and 2nd term 2(7)(8i) = 112i
Square the 2nd term (8i)2 = 64i2 but i2 = -1
= -64
So, (7 + 8i) = 49 + 112i – 64 = -15 + 112i
2

6. (9 + 4i)(9 – 4i)
We used the product of sum and difference of two binomials by
complex numbers.
Multiply the (1st )(1st ) = 9(9) = 81
Multiply the (2nd)(2nd) = 4i(-4i) = -16i2 but i2 = -1
= 16
So, (9 + 4i)(9 – 4i) = 81 + 16 = 97 is a real number

Division of two complex numbers is more complicated than addition,


subtraction, and multiplication because we cannot divide by an imaginary
number, meaning that any fraction must have a real-number denominator.
We need to find a term by which we can multiply the numerator and the
denominator that will eliminate the imaginary portion of the denominator so
that we end up with a real number as the denominator. This term is called
the conjugate of the denominator, which is found by changing the sign of
the imaginary part of the complex number. In other words, the complex
conjugate of a+bi is a−bi.

Divide the following:


1. 25i ¿ -5
Simply divide, so 25i ¿ -5 = -5i

2. -72i5 ¿ -8i3
Simply divide, the quotient of -72i5 ¿ -8i3 = 9i2 but i2 = -1
So, -72i5 ¿ -8i3 = -9

36 i7
3. 4 i4
36 i7
4
Simply divide, the quotient of 4 i = 9i3 but i3 = -i
36 i7
4
So, 4 i = -9i
6
4. 5i
Since the denominator is an imaginary number, there is a need to
rationalize the denominator. To rationalize the denominator, multiply both
the numerator and denominator by i.
6 i 6i
⋅=
5 i i 5i 2 but i2 = -1 ;
6 −6 i
So 5i = 5

8
5. 5+3i
Since the denominator a complex number has an imaginary number,
get the conjugate of the denominator. Conjugate of 5 + 3i is 5 – 3i.
Multiply both the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the
denominator that is
8 5−3 i 40−24 i

5+3i 5−3 i = 25−9i 2 but i2 = -1
40−24 i 40−24 i
=
Therefore, 25+9 34
2(20−12i )
Factor out 2 in the numerator 34
20,−12i
Simplifying, 34
8 20,−12i
So, 5+3i = 34

3+2 i
4−5i
6.
Since the denominator a complex number has an imaginary number,
get the conjugate of the denominator. Conjugate of 4 – 5i is 4 + 5i.
Multiply both the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the
denominator that is
3+ 21 4 +5 i

4−5 i 4 +5 i
12+23 i−10
Multiply using FOIL Method 16+25
3+21 2−23 i
=
4−5 i 41
So,

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY #1: LET’S PRACTICE!


Simplify
1. 5(-3i) 6. 10i ¿ 5

2. (-11i)(-6i) 7. 12i ¿ 4i

16+12 i
3. 8(4 + 3i) 8. 4

3+5i
4. -6(7 – 5i) 9. i

2−3 i
5. 3i(9 – 8i) 10. 4i

ACTIVITY#2: KEEP PRACTICING!


Perform the indicated operations.
7+4i
1. 4(8 + 5i) + 5(6 – 7i) 6. 6−5 i
4i 15 i

2. 4i(5 + 4i) – 2i(2 + i) 7. 13−5 i 13−5 i
9−7 i
3. (7 + 3i)(9 – 5i) + (7 -3i)(8 – 7i) 8. 9+7 i
3+7 i
4. (5 + 3i)(4 + 3i) – (5 – 9i)(6 – 2i) 9. 8−5 i
7 12
+
5. (7 + 8i)2 + (2 – 12i)2 10. 10−2 i 10−2i

ACTIVITY #3: TEST YOURSELF!


1. Simplify (x + yi)(x – yi)
2. Find x if (1 + xi)(1 – xi) = 2
3. If (7 + xi)(7 – yi) = 49 + xy
Find the error
4. (8 – 3i)(5 + 9i)
= 40 + 72i – 15i -27i2
= 40 + 57i – 27
= 13 – 27i
5. (4 + 8i)(7 – 5i)
= 28 – 40i2

WRAP – UP

Multiplying complex numbers is like multiplying binomials. The major


difference is that we work with the real and imaginary parts separately.
In multiplying complex numbers the following rules are to be observed.
Distributive Property a(b + ci) = ab + ci
Sum and Difference of Two Complex Numbers (a+bi)(a – bi) = a2 + b2
Square of a Complex Number (a+bi)2 = a2 + 2abi – b2
(a-bi)2 = a2 - 2abi – b2
To divide Complex Numbers multiply the numerator and the denominator by
the complex conjugate of the denominator (this is called rationalizing) and
simplify.
The conjugate of a complex number a + bi is a – bi and the conjugate of
a – bi is a + bi. Complex conjugates can be used to find the quotient of
a+bi
complex numbers. That is, to find the quotient, c+ di , c, d ≠ 0, we
multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the
a+bi a+bi c−di ( ac+ bd )+( bc−ad )i
= ⋅ =
denominator to obtain c+ di c+ di c−di c2+ d2

VALUING

In multiplication of complex numbers you need to match the given


complex numbers with the appropriate method to be used. While in division
of complex numbers the conjugate of the denominator is needed. One of the
problems in our country is mismatch. Too many graduates are mismatched
to the jobs offering. So the result is unemployment. Cite some solutions to
addressed this problem in our country?
POSTTEST

Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following statements is true about multiplying complex
conjugates?

A. (a + bi)(a – bi) = a+b C. (a + bi)(a – bi) = 0


B. (a + bi)(a – bi) = a2 + b2 D. (a + bi)(a – bi) = ab + 2

2. Find (2 - 3i)(4 + i ).


A. 10 + I C. 11 + 10i
B. 11 – 10i D. 10 – 11i

7−8 i
3. Rationalize 9i

−8−7 i 8−7i
A. 9 C. 9
−8+7 i 8+7 i
B. 9 D. 9

12+5i
4. Find the quotient of 3−7i

1+99i −1+99i
A. 58 C. 58
1−99 i −1−99 i
B. 58 D. 58

5. Determine x and y in 2x -4yi = 8.

A. x = 2, y = -4 C. x = 4, y = 4
B. x = -4, y = 2 D. x = 4, y = 0
KEY TO CORRECTION

PRACTICE
1. -15i 2. -66 3. 32 + 24i 4. -42 + 30i 5. 24 + 27i
−3−3 i
6. 2i 7. 3 8. 4 + 31 9. -5 – 3i 10. 4

PRETEST
1. A 2. B 3. C 4D 5. A

RECAP
1. 13 – i 2. 3 – 24i 3. 4 + 15i 4. 2 + 4i 5. 14 – 3i

KEEP PRACTICING
1. x2 + y2 2. x = 1 3. x = y 4. i2 = -1; -8(-1) = 8
REFERENCES
5. Forgot to multiply the outer terms and inner terms.

Chua, Simon, et al. “21st Century Mathematics.” Phoenix Publishing House,


Inc., 1997

POSTTEST
Coronel, Illuminada, et al. “Mathematics An Integrated Approach.”
1. B 2. B
Bookmark, Inc., 1992 3. A 4. A 5. D
Milo, Gracia, et al. “Integrated Secondary Mathematics IV.” JMC Press, Inc.,
1993

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