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Lighting Building Service Systems

The document discusses various topics related to lighting including: - The colors of natural light and recommended illumination levels for different spaces. - Factors to consider in lighting design like illumination level, quality of light, and space dimensions. - Different types of lighting like general, task, and accent lighting and how they illuminate a space. - Recommended lighting for common areas like living rooms, dining rooms, bedrooms, and kitchens. - Components of lighting systems and solar lighting systems.

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Princess Morales Ty
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© © All Rights Reserved
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378 views5 pages

Lighting Building Service Systems

The document discusses various topics related to lighting including: - The colors of natural light and recommended illumination levels for different spaces. - Factors to consider in lighting design like illumination level, quality of light, and space dimensions. - Different types of lighting like general, task, and accent lighting and how they illuminate a space. - Recommended lighting for common areas like living rooms, dining rooms, bedrooms, and kitchens. - Components of lighting systems and solar lighting systems.

Uploaded by

Princess Morales Ty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1. How many colors are natural light? Name them.

7 colors
Violet Yellow
Indigo Orange
Blue Red
Green

2. Which color appears brighter to the eye?


Yellow color appears brighter to the eye than red light.

3. What mixture of color to form black?


Cyan Magenta Yellow

4. What mixture of color to form white?


Red Green Blue

5. What is the amount of lux or lumen/m2 (the unit of illuminance) for


5.a. Summer, at noon, under a clear sky (equator)
- 100,000 lux
5.b. In the open under a heavily-overcast sky
- 5,000 lux
5.c. Artificial light, in a well-lit office
- 800 lux
5.d. Full moon, on a clear night
- 0.25 lux

6. What are factors required to be considered while designing the light scheme?
Illumination level Depreciation factor
Quality of light Space height ratio
Coefficient of utilization

7. Give the type of work recommended illumination level.


Building type Recommended Illumination level
Schools 250-400 lumens/meter square
Industry 1000 lumens/meter square
Shops 250-500 lumens/meter square
Offices 100-400 lumens/meter square
Hotels 80-100 lumens/meter square
Hospitals 250-3500 lumens/meter square

8. What is colour rendering?


Colour rendering is an important aspect of artificial lighting.
In some situations colours should be represented as naturally as possible as under
daylight conditions, yet in other cases lighting should highlight individual colours or create a
specific ambience.
However, there are also various lighting situations where it is not so much a precise
natural colour rendering that matters most, but where illumination level and efficacy are of
greater importance.
So, colour rendering is an important criterion when selecting light sources for lighting
application solutions.

9. Give several measures of a light source (in Kelvin).


Color Temperature (K˚) A measure of the “warmth” or “coolness” of a light source.
≤ 3200K = “warm” or red side of spectrum
≥ 4000K = “cool” or blue side of spectrum
3500K = “neutral”
5000K = “Daylight”

10. What is neon lighting?


A neon lamp is a gas discharge lamp containing primarily neon gas at low pressure.The
term is sometimes used for similar devices filled with other noble gases, usually to produce
different colors.
Most small neon (indicator-sized) lamps, such as the common NE-2, break down at
between 90 and 110 volts.
They are used as façade treatments,glow boards,and sign/display boards.
Lifetimes compared to other light sources, usually ranging from 20,000 to 30,000 hours
of useful life on average, but it is not uncommon for a neon tube to operate for 80,000 hours or
more.

11. What are the three (3) methods for illuminating a space? Describe each.
General/ Ambient Lighting: Illuminates the room in a fairly uniform, generally diffuse
manner.
The dispersed quality of the illumination can effectively reduce the contrast between task
lighting and can also be used to soften shadows, smooth out and expand the corners of a room
and provide a comfortable level of illumination for safe movement and general maintenance.
Local or Task Lighting: Illuminates specific areas of a space for the performance of
visual tasks or activities.
The light sources are placed close to- either above or beside- the task surface enabling
available wattage to be used more efficiently than with general lighting.
The luminaries are normally of direct type and adjustably in terms of brightness and in
direction is always desirable.
To minimize the risk of an unacceptable brightness ratio between the task and
surroundings task lighting is often combined with general lighting. Depending on the types of
luminaires used local lighting can also contribute to the general lumination of space.
In addition to making a visual task easier to see, local lighting can also create a variety
and interest, partition of space into a number of areas, encompass a furniture grouping, or
reinforce the social character of a room.
Accent Lighting: Accent lighting is a form of local lighting which creates focal points or
rhythmic patterns of light and dark within a space.
Instead of serving simply to illuminate a task or activity, accent lighting can be used to
relieve the monotony of general lighting, emphasizing a room's features or high light art objects
or prized possessions.

12. What are lighting fixtures?


Direct light fixtures Linear sources
Direct-indirect light fixtures Volumetric sources
Shielded light fixtures

13. What illumination level do we require as to the age?


S.NO AGE ILLUMINATION LEVEL
1 20 1½
2 30 2
3 40 3
4 50 6
5 60 Up to 15

14. Recommended lighting for the following


14.a. Living Room
The living room is the space where the family spends more time. It has combined light
fittings which have a strong light(for reading, sewing), and decorative light fittings (table lamp)
give off an appropriate glow of light.
14.b. Dining
Over the DINING TABLE a single or multiple pendant which should be able to take at
least a 100 watt lamp which will throw light directly on to the table. For the rest of the room the
light should have 25,40 or 60 watt bulbs. For general lighting a 100/150 watt floor lamp is
needed.

14.c. Bedroom
Bed room Bulbs should not be stronger than 100 watt. Lamps for reading in bed should
provide direct concealed lighting for adequate light over the dressing table two lamps mounted
on either side or one above the mirror are best.
14.d. Kitchen
Kitchen lighting is often neglected. Generally the kitchen is a hot place. So cool lighting
is recommended. Phillips fluorescent lighting is best for the kitchen because of its high light
output and low heat radiation. Light fitting is easily accessible for regular cleaning.
14.e. Staircase
An attractive single tube fitting housing a Phillips fluorescent lamp would be adequate.

15. Give several light distribution classifications


Direct 0-10 100-90
Semi-direct 10-40 90-60
General diffusing 40-60 60-40
Indirect (up lighters) 90-100 10-0
Semi-indirect 60-90 40-10

16. Give several components of lighting design.


Lighting and architectural integration (natural lighting design, appearance of lighting
equipment, electrical lighting installation, lighting controls and integration of natural and
electric lighting)
Lighting costs (capital costs of installation and running costs of installation)
Lighting for visual amenity (light pattern, overall lightness, color appearance, discomfort
glare, disability glare, flicker and external and internal view)
Task/activity lighting (task illuminance, task illuminance uniformity, color rendering,
discomfort glare, disability glare and flicker)
Lighting maintenance (lamp replacement, luminaire type, cleaning & redecoration
programme and lamp disposal)
Lighting and energy efficiency (natural light design, lamp type, lighting controls and
integration of natural & electric lighting)

17. What are the three (3) main types of materials used for solar cells?
1.The first type is silicon, which can be used in various forms, including single-
crystalline, multicrystalline, and amorphous.
2.The second type is polycrystalline thin films, with specific discussion of copper indium
di selenide (CIS) cadmium telluride (CdTe), and thin-film silicon.
3.The third type of material is single-crystalline thin film, focusing especially on cells
made with gallium arsenide.

18. What are the components of a standard solar lighting system?


1.Charge controller
2. Photo-voltaic module
3. Battery
4.Inverter
5. Light output

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