Week10-Lab-build A Network With Switch and Observe MAC Addresses and ARP
Week10-Lab-build A Network With Switch and Observe MAC Addresses and ARP
Topology
Addressing Table
Objectives
Part 1: Get Familiar with Cisco Packet Tracer
Part 2: Set Up the Topology and Initialize Devices
Part 3: Configure Devices and Verify Connectivity
Part 4: Display, Describe, and Analyze Ethernet MAC Addresses
Part 5: Use the IOS Show ARP Command
Required Resources
Cisco netcad account
Cisco Packet Tracer 7.3.0
And from “End Devices” choose “End Devices” -> “PC”, as your PC-A and PC-B:
From the “Connections”, select the corresponding “Copper Straight-Through” and “Copper Cross-Over” cables to
connect the swtiches and PCs, and the two switches using the corresponding ports as shown in the Toplogy.
Select the cable first, then click the devices to be connected and select given interface.
PS. Select “Options” -> “Preferences” to uncheck “Show Device Model Labels” and check “Show Device Name
Labels” and “Always Show Port Label in Logical Workspace”.
Step 2: Establish console connection and initialize and reload the switches.
Before starting a hands-on lab that makes use of either a Cisco router or switch, you should ALWAYS ensure that
the devices in use have been erased and have no startup configurations present. Otherwise, the results of your
lab may be unpredictable.
Make sure that the switches have been erased and have no startup configurations. If you are unsure, refer to
Appendix A for detailed steps for initializing switches.
If the switches have been password protected, refer to Appendix B for password recovery.
Step 1: Analyze the MAC address for PC-A’s and PC-B’s NICs.
Before you analyze the MAC address on PC-A, look at an example from a different PC NIC. You can issue the
ipconfig /all command to view the MAC address of your NIC. An example screen output is shown below.
C:\> ipconfig /all
<output omitted>
Ethernet adapter Ethernet:
Step 2: Examine the MAC addresses for the switches S1 and S2.
You can use a variety of commands to display MAC addresses on the switch.
a. Console into the switches and use the show interfaces command for vlan 1 and port Fa0/6 or Fa0/18 to
display MAC address information. A sample is shown below. Use the output generated by your switch to
answer the questions.
S1# show interfaces vlan 1
Vlan1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is EtherSVI, address is 001b.0c6d.8f40 (bia 001b.0c6d.8f40)
Internet address is 192.168.1.11/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit/sec, DLY 10 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
<output omitted>
On the second line of command output, what are the hardware addresses (or burned-in address [bia])?
S1 vlan1 MAC Address: 00-01-97-4b-7c-3c
S2 Fast Ethernet 0/18 MAC Address: 00-e0-f7-cb-22-02
b. Another way to display the MAC address on the switch is to use the show arp command. Use the show arp
command to display MAC address information. This command maps the Layer 2 address to its corresponding
Layer 3 address. Use output generated by your switch to answer the questions.
What Layer 2 addresses are displayed on S1? 00-0B-BE-24-3A-20 , 00-90-21-CB-C1-C8 , 00-01-97-4B-7C-
3C
What Layer 3 addresses are displayed on S1? 192.168.1.2 , 192.168.1.3, 192.168.1.11
Step 4: Clear the S2 MAC address table and display the MAC address table again.
a. In privileged EXEC mode, type the clear mac address-table dynamic command and press Enter.
S2# clear mac address-table dynamic
b. Quickly type the show mac address-table command again. Does the MAC address table have any
addresses in it for VLAN 1? Are there other MAC addresses listed?
Yes it has one mac address listed for vlan 1. No, there are no other MAC address listed.
Wait 10 seconds, type the show mac address-table command, and press Enter. Are there new addresses in
the MAC address table? No, there are no new addresses.
From PC-B, ping the devices on the network and observe the switch MAC address table.
c. From PC-B, open a command prompt and type arp -a. Not including multicast or broadcast addresses, how
many device IP-to-MAC address pairs have been learned by ARP?
Two IP-to-MAC address pairs have been learned by ARP.
d. From the PC-B command prompt, ping PC-A, S1, and S2. Did all devices have successful replies? If not,
check your cabling and IP configurations.
Yes, pings are successful.
e. From a console connection to S2, enter the show mac address-table command. Has the switch added
additional MAC addresses to the MAC address table? If so, which addresses and devices?
It has added two new mac addresses. These addresses are 000B.BE24.3A20 and 0001.974B.7C3C.
From PC-B, open a command prompt and retype arp -a. Does the PC-B ARP cache have additional entries
for all network devices that were sent pings? If so, which do they devices do they correspond with?
No, PC-B ARP does not have additional entries.
Reflection
1. Can you have broadcasts at the Layer 2 level? If so, what would the MAC address be?
We can have broadcasts at Layer 2. ARP will use broadcasts to find MAC address information.
2. Why would you need to know the MAC address of a device?
MAC address of a device is needed to identify the device.
3. On Ethernet networks, data is delivered to devices by their MAC addresses. For this to happen, switches and PCs
dynamically build ARP caches and MAC address tables. With only a few computers on the network this process
seems fairly easy. What might be some of the challenges on larger networks?
ARP broadcasts could cause broadcast storms. Because ARP and switch MAC tables do not authenticate or
validate the IP addresses to MAC addresses it would be easy to spoof a device on the network.
b. Verify that the ARP entry for switch S2 has been added to ARP table of S1.
S1# show ip arp
Protocol Address Age (min) Hardware Addr Type Interface
Internet 192.168.1.2 11 0050.56be.f6db ARPA Vlan1
Internet 192.168.1.3 11 0050.56be.768c ARPA Vlan1
Internet 192.168.1.11 - 0cd9.96e8.8a40 ARPA Vlan1
Internet 192.168.1.12 2 0cd9.96d2.4040 ARPA Vlan1
S1#