TENSES

This paper was created to fulfill individual assignments in English courses

Supporting lecturer:

Putri Nawang Wulan, M.Si

By: Nur Ainun (0301202264)

Semester 1 / PAI-5

Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training

North Sumatra State Islamic University

Academic Year 2020/2021

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 FOREWORD

Praise my gratitude to the presence of Allah SWT, because of the abundance of His grace and
mercy I was given the opportunity to complete this paper. Shalawat numbered greetings always
poured out to the prophet Muhammad Saw, who had brought people from the time of
ignorance to the age of bright lights like now. I would also like to thank those who have helped
in completing this paper entitled "Tenses" so that it can be finished on time.

I also thank the lecturer Ibu Putri Nawang Wulan, M.Si, as a lecturer in the English course, who
has guided and helped me in completing this paper. I really hope this paper will be useful in
order to increase the knowledge and insight of readers. I also fully realize that in this paper
there are shortcomings and it is far from perfect. Therefore, I hope that there will be
constructive criticism and suggestions for the creation of even better papers in the future.

Medan, 03 November 2020

Nur Ainun

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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FOREWORD..................................................................................................2

TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................3

CHAPTER 1 PRELIMINARY
1.1 Background........................................................................................................4

1.2 Purpose of the paper.........................................................................................4

CHAPTER 2 DISCUSSION
2.1 Tenses according to experts............................................................................ 5

2.2 Types and examples of tenses.........................................................................5

2.3 Tenses function in a sentence.........................................................................17

2.4 The importance of studying the tenses in our lives...................................... 18

CHAPTER 3 CLOSING
A. CONCLUSION..................................................................................................... 19

B. BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................................. 20

CHAPTER I

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 PRELIMINARY

1.1 Background

English is the international language. By mastering English well, we will be able to

communicate with other nations in this world. In addition, we will also be able to increase
our insight and knowledge for the progress of our nation and country, because we will be
able to read English literature, listen to foreign radio broadcasts, and watch other scientific
films. Thus, in the end we can master knowledge in all fields. Every language has its rules or
we often call it with its respective grammar terms, as well as in English, there are many
rules that must be considered in its use, especially in the field of writing. In English, there
are 16 (sixteen) tense forms according to their use. Of the 16 (sixteen) tense, respectively
grouped into 4 (four) large groups (Supono, Cahya, 2004).

1.2 Purpose of the paper

Then this paper aims to explain or explain these points, according to the knowledge we
get, both from the source books and from our teachers. Hopefully all of them will benefit
us. If there are errors in writing or words in this paper, the authors apologize profusely.

CHAPTER II

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 DISCUSSION

2.1 Tenses according to experts

The understanding of tenses according to some experts is, as follows:

1. Tenses is a form of the verb which shows the time an action in the English sentence
such as the past tense (past), current (present), will come (future). Based on time
division, three main groups of tenses were formed, each broken down again to express
the action in a specific time. (According to Zuhdi Najib).
2. Tenses is a verb to show a form of action within a certain time in the English sentences
are usually divided into three times, namely, past, current (present), and will come
(future) in all three parts of the can be divided into four parts, namely simple,
continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous. (According Betty Schrampher Azar)
3. Tenses is a form of action is divided into three forms of the past, present (now), and
future, and can be broken down again into a more specific form by looking at the time
of the action / event. (According Marie Ellen)

2.2 Types and examples of tenses

There are 16 (sixteen) types of tenses according to their use. Of the 16 (sixteen) tenses,
respectively grouped into 4 (four) large groups (Supono, Cahya, 2004).

1. Present Tenses
 Simple present tense
Although present mean now, but matter of in don't be interpreted that the action
done at the moment. this tenses is used to express something that have the
character of remain to, real truth or habit. Because often concerning occurence of
past time, now and will come. This Tense at least having selected time description.

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 English sentences generally must have subject (S) and Predicate (P). Because that,
all tenses formulatived like that.
Formulas of Present Tense:
(positive) : S + V1 / S + V1 + O
(Negative) : S + do (es) not + V1
(Interrogative) : Do (es) + S + V1 ?
If in the sentence have not another verb, so we use verb to be.
Affirmative (+) : S + Be (am, is, are)
Affirmative (-) : S + Be (am, is, are) + not
Affirmative (?) : Be (am, is, are) + S
Examples:
(Positive) : I drink milk.
(Negative) : I do not drink milk.
(Interrogative) : Do You drink milk?
(Affirmative) : (+) : I am busy

(-) : I am not busy

(?) : Are you busy?

 Present continuous (progressive) tense

This Tense is used to express something really action is doing in this time. sentences
in this tense a more regular weared than present tense.
Formulas of Present Continuous Tense:
(positive) : S + Be (am, is are) + V ing (present participle)
(Negative) : S + Be (am, is are) + not + V ing
(Interrogative) : Be (am, is, are) + S + V?
Examples:
(Positive) : I am sitting on a chair.
(Negative) : I am not sitting on a chair.

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 (Interrogative) : Is it raining now?
Interrogative word “When” (kapan) don’t be used in Present Contionuous Tense if
except is meant express to action which immediately and surely (immediatc future).
Example: When are you coming back?
There are some selected verb which may not be used in Present Continuous Tense
though actions is really done nowadays and is instead weared sentence in Present
Tense. the verbs for example are see, hear, smell, forget, remember, know,
understand, like want, hate, care, etcetera.
Examples: “I know the lesson now” Not “I am knowing the lesson now ".

 Present perfect tense

This is Tense which was generally assumed most was difficult to comprehended. To
overcome this matter is we have to recognize marking of Tense this. Present Perfect
Tense Of dot weigh against at "It have or have its" an action "is not at time doing"
action. or equally Present Perfect Tense don't make account of when the happening
of an action but the haveness of action done. Therefore this Tense have never
followed by time description.
Examples:
False : I have read this book yesterday.
True : I have read this book already (Present Perfect Tense)
Or : I read this book yesterday (Simple Past Tense)
Ad for possibly cause this Tense is confused with Past Tense.
Formulas of Present Perfect Tense:
(positive) : S + have (has) + V3 (past participle)
(Negative) : S + have (has) + not + V3
(Interrogative) : Have (has) + S + V3?
Examples:
(Positive) : You have told me before.
(Negative) : You have not told me about it.

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 (Interrogative) : Have you told me before?

 Present perfect continuous tense

If an action started past time but still is doing till now hence us use sentence in the
form of Present Perfect Continuous Tense. This Tense is weared if Verb is including
Static Nature.
Such as: Stand, Sleep, Lie, Study ,etc. that verbs usually used in Present Perfect
Tense.
Comparing: I have read this book (Saya sudah membaca buku ini). which intended
to you may borrow him or interrogate me concerning the book content because I
have read its.
Unlike: I have been reading this book for a month. with the meaning I have read
this book during one unfinished months but and still I will continue.
Formula of Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
S + have (has) been + V ing

2. Past Tenses
 Simple past tense
Is used to express an old world action that happened. Way past tense form depend
on type of second Verb. first way added d or of ed at second verb (regular verb).
Second way in generally change the vowel sounds (irregular verb).
Formula of Simple Past Tense:
(Positive) : S + V2 (preterite)
(Negative) : S + did not (didn’t) + V1
(Interrogative) : Did + S + V1 ?
Examples:
(Positive) : I walked to school yesterday
(Negative) : I didn’t walk to school yesterday
(Interrogative) : Did you walk to school this morning?

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 Past continuous tense
This Tenses is used to express an action which is happened in past time. and at the
same time happened other action. This Tense emphasize is the happening of the
action not its have.
Formulas of Past Continuos Tense:
(Positive) : S + was/were + V ing (present participle)
(Negative) : S + was/were + not + V ing
(Interrogative) : was/where + S + V ing?
Examples:
(Positive) : I was reading a newspaper
(Negative) : I wasn’t reading a newspaper
(Interrogative) : Was I reading a newspaper?

 Past perfect tense

It is the same with Past Continuos Tense nor selfsupporting as simple sentence but
have to provide with Past Tense sentence. this used to express an action which
have been done in past time.
Formulas of Past Perfect Tense:
(Positive) : S + had + V3
(Negative) : S + had + not + V3
(Interrogative) : Had + S + V3?
Examples:
(Positive) : I had seen the film
(Negative) : I hadn’t seen the film
(Interrogative) : Had you seen the film?

 Past perfect continuous tense

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 Present participle of Past this Perfect like action which still take place past time
when an other occurence cut.
Formulas of Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
(Positive) : S + had been + V ing
(Negative) : S + had not + been + V ing
(Interrogative) : Had + S + been + V ing?
Examples:
(Positive) : They had been living in France
(Negative) : I hadn’t been living in France
(Interrogative) : Had They been living in France?

3. Future Tenses
 Simple future tense
This Tense is used to express an action to happen in the future.
Formulas of Simple Future Tense:
(Positive) : S + shall/will + V1
(Negative) : S + shall/will + not + V1
(Interrogative) : Shall/will + S + V1
Examples:
(Positive) :- I shall see you tonight
- He will speaks English well soon
(Negative) : I will not see you toninght
(Interrogative) : Will you see her tonight?
A lot have a notion that Future Tense can be expressed by "be going to". This not
entirely correctness, because "going to" usually not express future the purification
but containing certainty or intention the speaker.
Examples: He is going to do his homework.
Comparing with: He will do his homework as soon as his mother asks him.

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 Future by "going to" seldom accompany another Clause. Because if that way, no
longger show someone desire. While Future with shall/will often respective another
clauses.

 Future continuous tense

This Tense is used to express estimated to action underway at the time of selected
is future or there is happened other action.
Formulas of Future Continuous Tense:
(Positive) : S + shall/will be + V ing
(Negative) : S + shall/will + not + be + V ing
(Interrogative) : Shall/will + S + Be + V ing?
Examples:
(Positive) : I will be sleeping at 12 o’clock tonight
(Negative) : I will not be sleeping toninght
(Interrogative) :Will you be sleeping tonight?

 Future perfect tense

This Tense is used to express an estimated action have been done at the selected
time in future or if there are any other action.
Formulas of Future Perfect Tense:
(Positive) : S + shall/will have + V3
(Negative) : S + shall/will + not + have + V3
(Interrogative) : Shall/will + S + have + V3?
Examples:
(Positive) : You will have spoken English well.
(Negative) : You will not have spoken English well.
(Interrogative) : Will You have spoken English well?

 Future perfect continuous tense

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 This Tense is weared to express an estimated action will come in selected future
period or if there are any happened other action. This Tense seldom wear.
Formulas of Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
(Positive) : S + shall/will have been + V ing
(Negative) : S + shall/will + not + have been + V ing
(Interrogative) : Shall/will + S + have been + V ing?
Examples:
(Positive) : He will have been teaching for 30 years next January.
(Negative) : He will not have teaching for 30 years next January
(Interrogative) : Will He have been teaching for 30 years next January?

4. Past Future Tenses

 Past future tense
This Tense generally only used in Conditional (Kalimat Pengandaian) or Reported
Speech (Kalimat tidak langsung).
Formulas of Past Future Tense:
(Positive) : S + should/would + V1
(Negative) : S + should/would not + V1
(Interrogative) : Should/would + S + V1?
Examples:
(Positive) : - If I were you, I should marry her. (Conditional)
- He said that He would go abroad this week (Reported Speech)
(Negative) : I should not marry her.
(Interrogative) : Would you marry her?

 Past future continuous tense

This Tense is weared very rare and if there are any, only met in Reported Speech.
Formulas of Past Future Continuous Tense:
(Positive) : S + should/would be + V ing

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 (Negative) : S + should/would not be + V ing
(Interrogative) : Should/would + S + be + V ing?
Examples:
(Positive) : They told us that they would be having dinner.
(Negative) : They would not be having dinner.
(Interrogative) : Would they be having dinner?

 Past future perfect tense

This Tense intrinsically only weared in Conditional (kalimat Pengandaian) as main
clause for expressing unreal past (lampau tak nyata).
Formulas of Past Future Perfect Tense:
(Positive) : S + should/would have + V3
(Negative) : S + should/would + have + not +V3
(Interrogative) : Should/would + S + have + V3?
Examples:
(Positive) : You would have met a lot of friends if you attended the party last
night.
(Negative) : You would have not met a lot of friends.
(Interrogative) : Would you have met a lot friends?friend

 Past future perfect continuous tense

This Tense is used very rare even in Reported Speech even if.
Formulas of Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
(Positive) : S + should/would have been + V ing
(Negative) : S + should/would + have not + been +V ing
(Interrogative) : Should/would + S + have been + V ing?
Examples:
(Positive) : Her baby would have been sleeping for hours when she arrived home.

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 (Negative) : Her baby would have not been sleeping for hour when she arrived
home.
(Interrogative) : Would Her baby have been sleeping for hour when she arrived
home?

2.3 Tenses function in a sentence

The functions of tenses in sentences properly and accurately are as follows:

1. State an Event Clearly

As already stated, one of the uses of tenses is to state an event or event in detail and clearly
based on information about certain times in the past, present and future. Everything is different
so it needs to be adjusted when using it.

In stating events or events, time is a determining factor in the composition of sentences to be

made. For example, present day queries and fairy tales. These two things show the difference
regarding time so that when it is conveyed to other people, the tenses are also different.

2. Knowing When an Event Happens

Basically there are 3 forms of time units contained in tenses, namely past, present, and future.
The three of them have different functions and uses, such as the example sentence "I am
reading a book" and "I read a book". Both have clear differences in the meaning and description
of the time.

Therefore, the use of the right tense by paying attention to the rules for arranging sentences
correctly can provide clues in the form of time. So that the listener or interlocutor or you can
find out when the event took place.

3. Smooth Communication Against Opponents

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As previously explained, the use of tenses can explain the statement of the other person or
even your own words so that communication between the two parties continues to run
smoothly because you know the information about the time.

It is different if tenses are not included in the conversation, then the interlocutor will not
know when the event being discussed happened. This is especially important if you are telling
tales or past stories to others.

4. Supporting Writing that is Formal

Various agencies such as academics or government have certain standards regarding

authorship in the form of letters or circulars to be conveyed to the figures in them. Usually
these writings must be written in a formal form and of course use good and correct English
material.

This is very important to pay attention to, especially if you want to write a scientific journal
based on research results.

2.4 The importance of studying the tenses in our lives

1. To find out when the activity took place.

Try to pay attention to the sentence, "I am eating pizza" with "I eat pizza" has a very different
meaning. This is one of the main purposes why we should learn tenses and the importance of
learning tenses. Tenses will tell you when an activity is taking place. If you use the wrong tense,
of course, it can make you confused. But don't find it difficult at first. Indeed, initially learning
tenses and grammar is indeed difficult, but when you already know all the tenses, then the use
and formulation are added by diligently practicing using sentences with their tenses, it is
guaranteed that you will easily master the tenses.

2. Helps make communication easier.

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language is a means of communication. So if we communicate using English, we inevitably have
to use appropriate grammar. Without using grammar properly, the message you want to
convey will not be conveyed, and even confuse the other person.

CHAPTER III

CLOSING

A. CONCLUSION

To strengthen the understanding of tenses, every tense that contains "Past" must use the 2nd
form of auxiliary verb or verb. In this Past Perfect Continuous Tense, the word V2 is had. The
first form is have / has. The sequence: Have-had-had. Every tense that contains the word
"perfect" must use a verb or verb of the 3rd form. Where is the third form verb in this Past
Perfect Continuous Tense? It lies in "been". Been is the 3rd or V3 form of be (tobe). The order
is: tobe (am, is, are) - (was, were) - been. Every tense that contains the word "Continuous" must
use the verb form 1 by adding ing or I short V + ing. Present Continuous Tense, Present Perfect
Continuous Tense, Past Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Continuous Tense and so on, must use V
+ ing. Change in the form of the verb used to express an upcoming event. One example of the
word Future is "Future". Therefore, in Future Tense the use of the word Will, Shall, which
means it will happen in the future. There are 3 major tenses in the division of tenses, namely:
Past, Present and Future (Past, Present, Later).

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B. BIBLIOGRAPHY

zuhdi.nadjib.2009.kamus lengkap.500000000 : fajar mulya.

Betty.schrampher.azar.1989.understanding and using English grammar: prentice hall regents.

Marie.Ellen.2009.cliffs TOEFL preparation guide : wiley dreamlech india pvt.ltd

Nahdy.(2012).Tenses (Online)nahdy.student.umm.ac.id/files/2010/02/Tenses.doc Diakses pada

hari kamis, tanggal 03 November, pukul 21.00 WIB

Annonimus.(2012).Tenses (Online)http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/tenses
diakses pada hari kamis, tanggal 03 November 2020, pukul 21.00 WIB

https://visitpare.com/pojok-bahasa/tenses-bahasa-inggris/ Diakses pada hari kamis, tanggal 03

November 2020, pukul 22.00 WIB

https://www.kampunginggris.id/mengapa-harus-belajar-tenses Diakses pada hari kamis,

tanggal 03 November 2020, pukul 22.00 WIB

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