Scribd
Upload
58 views

Overview of Computers and Programming

The document provides an overview of the ICS104 course which introduces programming in Python and C. The course objectives are to provide engineering students with basic knowledge of programming, problem solving, and languages like Python and C. The first lecture covers an overview of computers and programming, including computer components, computer hardware, computer languages, and how information flows during program execution.

Uploaded by

haitham noruldeen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
58 views

Overview of Computers and Programming

The document provides an overview of the ICS104 course which introduces programming in Python and C. The course objectives are to provide engineering students with basic knowledge of programming, problem solving, and languages like Python and C. The first lecture covers an overview of computers and programming, including computer components, computer hardware, computer languages, and how information flows during program execution.

Uploaded by

haitham noruldeen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

ICS104: INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING

IN PYTHON AND C

LECTURE 1: OVERVIEW OF COMPUTERS & PROGRAMMING

Dr. Hamzah Luqman

Office: Building 22 room 107


Email: [email protected]
COURSE OBJECTIVES
 Provide engineering students with basic knowledge of
programming in Python and C and problem solving.
LECTURE 1: OVERVIEW OF COMPUTERS
& PROGRAMMING
COMPUTERS

❖ A computer is a machine that can be


programmed to receive data as
inputs, process them into useful
information (output), and store the
results into a secondary
storage device for safe keeping or
later reuse.

❖ Computer can deal with numbers,


text, images, graphics, and sound.

6
COMPUTERS
Item Quantity Price

Medium Sodas 2 $1.49

Small Turkey sub 1 $3.49

Caesar Salad 1 $4.49

Bag of chips 1 $0.99

Cookies 3 $0.39

Amount Received $20.00

5
COMPUTER COMPONENTS

6
SMART PHONES

Hardware Software

7
COMPUTER COMPONENTS

Programs

Software
Application Software developed to assist
a computer user in accomplishing Operating system
specific tasks.
Example: Word, Excel, Chrome.
Input and Output Unit

Hardware
Memory

Central Processing Unit


(CPU)

Storage

8
COMPUTER COMPONENTS…

Operating System controls the Programs

Software
interaction between machine and user.
Example, Windows, Linux, ios...etc Operating system

Input and Output Unit

Hardware
Memory

Central Processing Unit


(CPU)

➢ Communicate with computer user.


Storage
➢ Manage memory.
➢ Collect input/Display output.
➢ Read/Write data

9
COMPUTER HARDWARE

10
THE ANATOMY OF A COMPUTER
 The Computer Hardware consists of the physical elements in
a computer system.
 The central processing unit (CPU) performs program
control and data processing
 Storage devices include
 Primary memory: Consists of memory chips (electronic circuits that
can store data as long as it is provided electric power).
 Fast and more expensive.
 e.g., RAM and ROM
 Secondary storage: Provides slower, less expensive storage that is
persistent (without electric power)
 e.g., Hard disks, flash drives, CD/DVD drives.
 Computers store both data and programs
 Both are located in secondary storage and are loaded into primary storage
when programs are executed.
 Input/output devices allow the user to interact with the
computer
 Mouse, keyboard, printer, screen
11
THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
(CPU)

 The CPU has two components, the control unit and


the arithmetic logic unit
 The control unit directs operation of the processor.
 Computer resources are managed by the control unit.
 Controls communication and co-ordination between
input/output devices.
 Reads and interprets instructions and determines the
sequence for processing the data.
 Provides timing and control signals
 The arithmetic logic unit contains the circuitry to
perform calculations and do comparisons.
 It is the workhorse portion of the computer and its job is 12
to do precisely what the control unit tells it to do.
MEMORY

• Computer memory is a physical device capable of


storing information temporarily.
Programs

Software
• For example, Random Access Memory (RAM)
Operating system

Input and Output Unit

Hardware
Memory

Central Processing Unit


(CPU)

Storage
COMPUTER LANGUAGES

Programming Languages allow us to write programs that tell the computer


what to do and thus provide a way to communicate with computers.

Programs are then converted to machine language (0 and 1) so the computer


can understand it.

14
COMPUTER LANGUAGES
 Machine Language – A collection of binary numbers
 Not standardized. There is a different machine
language for every processor family.
 Example of adding two numbers:

 Assembly Language - mnemonic codes that


corresponds to machine language instructions.
 Low level: Very close to the actual machine
language.
 Example of adding 70 (stored in address 55 in
memory) and 30 (stored in address 55 in memory).

 High-level Languages - Combine algebraic expressions


and symbols from English
 High Level : Very far away from the actual
machine language
 For example: Python, Cobol, C, Prolog, Pascal, C#,
Perl, Java.
15
 Example of adding 45 and 55 in C language
X = 70 + 30;
FLOW OF INFORMATION DURING
PROGRAM EXECUTION
 Program instructions and data (such as text,
numbers, audio, or video) are stored on the hard
disk, on a compact disk (or DVD), or elsewhere on
the network.
 When a program starts, it is brought into
memory, where the CPU can read it.
 one instruction at a time.
 The CPU reads, modifies and writes data back to
memory or the hard disk.

16
FLOW OF INFORMATION DURING
PROGRAM EXECUTION

17

You might also like