5/10/2021 Big-O Algorithm Complexity Cheat Sheet (Know Thy Complexities!

) @ericdrowell

Big-O Cheat Sheet Download PDF

Know Thy Complexities!

Hi there! This webpage covers the space and time Big-O complexities of common algorithms used in Computer
Science. When preparing for technical interviews in the past, I found myself spending hours crawling the internet
putting together the best, average, and worst case complexities for search and sorting algorithms so that I wouldn't
be stumped when asked about them. Over the last few years, I've interviewed at several Silicon Valley startups, and
also some bigger companies, like Google, Facebook, Yahoo, LinkedIn, and Uber, and each time that I prepared for
an interview, I thought to myself "Why hasn't someone created a nice Big-O cheat sheet?". So, to save all of you fine
folks a ton of time, I went ahead and created one. Enjoy! - Eric

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Big-O Complexity Chart

Horrible Bad Fair Good Excellent

O(n!) O(2^n)
O(n^2)

O(n log n)
Operations

O(n)

O(log n), O(1)

Elements

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Common Data Structure Operations

Space
Data Structure Time Complexity
Complexity
Average Worst Worst
Access Search Insertion Deletion Access Search Insertion Deletion
Array Θ(1) Θ(n) Θ(n) Θ(n) O(1) O(n) O(n) O(n) O(n)

Stack Θ(n) Θ(n) Θ(1) Θ(1) O(n) O(n) O(1) O(1) O(n)

Queue Θ(n) Θ(n) Θ(1) Θ(1) O(n) O(n) O(1) O(1) O(n)

Singly-Linked List Θ(n) Θ(n) Θ(1) Θ(1) O(n) O(n) O(1) O(1) O(n)

Doubly-Linked List Θ(n) Θ(n) Θ(1) Θ(1) O(n) O(n) O(1) O(1) O(n)

Skip List Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) O(n) O(n) O(n) O(n) O(n log(n))

Hash Table N/A Θ(1) Θ(1) Θ(1) N/A O(n) O(n) O(n) O(n)

Binary Search Tree Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) O(n) O(n) O(n) O(n) O(n)

Cartesian Tree N/A Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) N/A O(n) O(n) O(n) O(n)

B-Tree Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) O(log(n)) O(log(n)) O(log(n)) O(log(n)) O(n)

Red-Black Tree Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) O(log(n)) O(log(n)) O(log(n)) O(log(n)) O(n)

Splay Tree N/A Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) N/A O(log(n)) O(log(n)) O(log(n)) O(n)

AVL Tree Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) O(log(n)) O(log(n)) O(log(n)) O(log(n)) O(n)

KD Tree Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) Θ(log(n)) O(n) O(n) O(n) O(n) O(n)

Array Sorting Algorithms

Algorithm Time Complexity Space Complexity
Best Average Worst Worst
Quicksort Ω(n log(n)) Θ(n log(n)) O(n^2) O(log(n))

Mergesort Ω(n log(n)) Θ(n log(n)) O(n log(n)) O(n)

Timsort Ω(n) Θ(n log(n)) O(n log(n)) O(n)

Heapsort Ω(n log(n)) Θ(n log(n)) O(n log(n)) O(1)

Bubble Sort Ω(n) Θ(n^2) O(n^2) O(1)

Insertion Sort Ω(n) Θ(n^2) O(n^2) O(1)

Selection Sort Ω(n^2) Θ(n^2) O(n^2) O(1)

Tree Sort Ω(n log(n)) Θ(n log(n)) O(n^2) O(n)

Shell Sort Ω(n log(n)) Θ(n(log(n))^2) O(n(log(n))^2) O(1)

Bucket Sort Ω(n+k) Θ(n+k) O(n^2) O(n)

Radix Sort Ω(nk) Θ(nk) O(nk) O(n+k)

Counting Sort Ω(n+k) Θ(n+k) O(n+k) O(k)

Cubesort Ω(n) Θ(n log(n)) O(n log(n)) O(n)

Learn More
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Michael Mitchell • 8 years ago

This is great. Maybe you could include some resources (links to
khan academy, mooc etc) that would explain each of these
concepts for people trying to learn them.
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Amanda Harlin > Michael Mitchell • 8 years ago

Yes! Please & thank you
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