L. Burlacu, N. Cimpoeșu, L. G. Bujoreanu, N. M. Lohan Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iași

The document summarizes research on exploiting heat treatment effects on shape memory alloys (SMAs) for fire protection applications. Differential scanning calorimetry and microhardness tests showed that heat treating a Ti-rich NiTi SMA increased its transformation temperatures and absorbed/dissipated heat. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed the formation of Ni-rich precipitates after heat treatment, explaining the changes in properties. The results indicate heat treatment could be useful for developing SMA-based fire protection devices by altering the alloy's macroscopic and microscopic properties.

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L. Burlacu, N. Cimpoeșu, L. G. Bujoreanu, N. M. Lohan Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iași

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Exploiting heat treatment effects on

June 14-17, 2017, Sibiu

SMAs macro and microscopic
Romania
properties in developing fire
protection devices “Gheorghe Asachi” Tehnical University of
Iaşi

L. Burlacu, N. Cimpoeșu, L. G. Bujoreanu, N. M. Lohan

Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering,
Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iași,
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]

Keywords:
Ni-Ti shape memory alloy, martensitic transformation, differential 3.2 Micro-hardness results
scanning calorimetry, thermal treatment
For the Ti-rich SMA studied, it can be noticed that heat treatment caused
a decrease of the micro-hardness with about 73 Vickers units. The
1. Introduction: decrease of the hardness can be attributed to decreased volume fraction
of precipitates or the overaging and coarsening of precipitates [6].
SMAs are a group of alloys with unique properties to return to their
predefined form after heating or unloading [1, 2]. This behavior is Table 2. Critical temperatures determined on DSC thermograms recorded
associated with a thermoelastic martensitic phase transformation from a during a heating-cooling cycle of the heat treated and untreated NiTi SMA
parent phase called austenite (A) to a phase called martensite (M). The specimens
unique behavior of NiTi alloys with near equiatomic concentrations has
made this material to be used for safety and security as well as for Vickers Hardness
Specimen
electronic applications [3]. Thermal and electrical actuators are Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Average
successfully used for various engineering applications [4] due to their NiTi untreated 325,3 328,7 324,2 326,1
potential for detection and / or actuation. Special interest was given to NiTi treated 255,2 253,4 255,5 253,7
applications for fire protection that materialized in fire alarms or fire
sprinklers [5]. 3.3 EDS mapping

In Figure 2(a), Ti is the predominant element, justifying the Ti-rich

2. Experimental Part: character of the alloy under study. Yet, there are no large areas that can
be ascribed to a single element, since Ni and Ti dissolved each other in
A Ti-rich SMA with the chemical composition Ni49,35Ti50,65 (at %), order to form a single solid solution. After heat treatment, the formation of
under the form of 4 mm-diameter rods, was purchased from Saes Ni-rich precipitates is noticeable since this element obviously occupies
Getters. Some samples were subjected to a heat-treatment consisting of larger areas in Figure 2 (b) than in Figure 2(a). The formation of Ni-rich
heating up to 5000C, 10 minutes-maintaining, immediately followed by precipitates depletes the nickel amount of the matrix, thus justifying the
water quenching. Fragments from both heat treated and untreated increase of Ms critical transformation temperature.
samples were cut, weighing typically 30 mg, for differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC). The calorimetric measurement was made using a
DSC F3 Maia provided by NETZSCH. The temperature program
comprised: a heating from room temperature (RT) to 150°C, with a
heating rate = 20 °C/min; cooling to RT with a cooling rate = 10 °C /min.
Vickers micro-hardness values were determined by using a CV 400 DM
CV Instruments Namicon equipment. The presence of chemical
composition fluctuations on the heat treated and untreated specimen was
checked by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy with a scanning
electron microscopy equipped with an EDAX Bruker analyzer.

3. Results and Discussions:

3.1. DSC results Figure 2. EDS elemental mappings of (a) untreated and
The thermodynamic response of heat treated specimen is very much (b) heat treated specimens
larger than that of the specimen in initial condition.
4. Conclusions:
After heat treatment, the transformation temperatures for the direct and
reverse martensitic transformation were shifted to higher values. The
amounts of absorbed and dissipated heat were significantly higher, as a
consequence of heat treatment. Micro-hardness tests highlighted the
decrease of Vickers value, the cause being the higher amount of
martensite in heat treated specimen. EDS mapping revealed the
formation of Ni-rich precipitates, after heat treatment.

5. Acknowledgments:
Figure 1. DSC thermogram recorded during a heating-cooling cycle of This research work was supported by S.C. SARTOROM IMPEX S.R.L
the untreated and heat treated NiTi SMA specimens
Table 1. Critical temperatures determined on DSC charts recorded during
References:
a heating-cooling cycle of the heat treated and untreated NiTi SMA
[1]Fremond M and Miyazachi S 1996 CISM Courses and Lectures, (Springer)
specimens [2]Kumar P K and Lagoudas D C 2008 Shape Memory Alloys (Springer)
[3]Jani J M, Leary M, Subic A and Gibson M A 2014 Mater. Des. 56 1078
As A50 Af ΔH Ms M50 Mf ΔH
Specimen 0C 0C 0C 0C 0C 0C
[4]Saikrishna CN, Ramaiah K V, Paul D and Bhaumik S K 2016 Acta Mater.
kJ/kg kJ/kg 102 385
untreated 55,5 79,1 98,4 -5,510 67,5 56,5 34,6 1,68 [5]Zhuiykov S 2008 Sensor Actuat. A, 141 89
heat treated 91,5 109,1 117,6 -29,28 65,9 57,1 48,4 29,69 [6]Kaya I, Tobe H, Karaca H E, Basaran B, Nagasako M, Kainuma R and Y.
Chumlyakov 2016 Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 678 93