14th Central European Workshop on Quantum Optics

CEWQO 2007
Book of Abstracts

Palermo, 1-5 June 2007

Grand Hotel et des Palmes

This volume is the 14th CEWQO book of abstracts
Printed in Palermo, Italy – May 2007
 ORGANIZATION: COMMITTEES

Chairman
A. Messina (Palermo, Italy)

Advisory board
G. Barton (Brighton, UK)
M.Benedict (Szeged, Hungary)
M. Bozic (Belgrado, Serbia)
A. Buchleitner (Dresden, Germany)
V. Buzek (Bratislava, Slovach)
Z. Hradil (Czech Republic)
S. Kilin (Minsk, Belarus)
A. Kossakowski (Torun, Poland)
A. Lambrecht (Paris, France)
M. Man’ko (Moscow, Russia)
P. E. Marian (Bucharest, Romania)
D. Milosevic (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
S. Pascazio (Bari, Italy)
H. Rauch (Vienna, Austria)
L. L. Sanchez-Soto (Madrid, Spain)
A. Shumovski (Ankara, Turkey)
K.-A. Suominen (Turku, Finland)
N. Vitanov (Sofia, Bulgaria)
L. Yatsenko (Kiev, Ukraine)
H. Zbinden (Geneva, Switzerland)

Local Commitee
G. Marmo (Napoli, Italy)
A. Messina (Palermo, Italy)
R. Migliore (Palermo, Italy)
B. Militello (Palermo, Italy)
A. Napoli (Palermo, Italy)
L. Rizzuto (Palermo, Italy)
M. Scala (Palermo, Italy)

Phone: +39 091 6234 243 / 240 / 248 - Fax: +39 091 6234 241 / 281
Email: [email protected]
Web: http://fisica.unipa.it/cewqo2007
 Organizing Institutions

Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche ed Astronomiche dell’Università di Palermo

Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici

Under the Auspices of

Senato della Repubblica Italiana

Regione Sicilia

Provincia di Palermo

European Physical Society

Società Italiana di Fisica

With the Sponsorship of

Central European Initiative

Università di Palermo

Facoltà di Scienze dell’Università di Palermo

Banco di Sicilia

Fondazione Don Giuseppe Puglisi - “... E se ognuno fa qualcosa”

Comune di Bagheria

Confindustria Palermo

Springer

Oxford University Press

VillaRosa s.r.l.

Europa Servizi Terminalistici

Sud Italia Terminal Operator

Centre Culturel Français de Palerme et de Sicile

 5

PARTICIPANTS

ABD AL-KADER Gamal, Cairo, Egypt

AL-AWFI Saud, Madina, Saudi Arabia
ALLEVI Alessia, Como, Italy
ANDREEV Vladimir, Moscow, Russia
BELLOMO Bruno, Palermo, Italy
BENEDICT Mihaly, Szeged, Hungary
BINICIOGLU CETINER Sinem, Ankara, Turkey
BIROL Turan, Istanbul, Turkey
BISHOP Raymond, Manchester, United Kingdom
BONANNO Giovanni, Palermo, Italy
BONDANI Maria, Como, Italy
BOUGOUFFA Smail, Madina, Saudi Arabia
BOVINO Fabio Antonio, Genova, Italy
BOYACIOGLU Bahadir, Ankara, Turkey
BOŽIĆ Mirjana, Belgrade, Serbia
BRAGGIO Caterina, Padova, Italy
BRAMBILLA Enrico, Como, Italy
BREUER Heinz-Peter, Freiburg, Germany
CARIÑENA José F., Zaragoza, Spain
CARVALHO André, Canberra, Australia
CASAGRANDE Federico, Milan, Italy
CHIMONIDOU Antonia, Austin, USA
CICCARELLO Francesco, Palermo, Italy
CIOBANU Nellu, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
COMPAGNO Giuseppe, Palermo, Italy
CONTRERAS-REYES Ana, Brighton, England
CORSO Pietro Paolo, Palermo, Italy
D’ANGELO Milena, Bari, Italy
D’ARRIGO Antonio, Catania, Italy
DAMODARAKURUP Sajeev, Camerino, Italy
DAVIDOVIĆ Milena, Belgrade, Serbia
DAVIDOVIĆ Dragomir, Belgrade, Serbia
DE GUISE Hubert, Thunder Bay, Canada
DE LEO Elena, Catania, Italy
DE PASQUALE Ferdinando, Roma, Italy
DE SIENA Silvio, Salerno, Italy
DEGIOVANNI Ivo Pietro, Torino, Italy
DI PIAZZA Antonino, Heidelberg, Germany
DIMITRIJEVIĆ Jelena, Belgrade, Serbia
DUSEK Miloslav, Olomouc, Czech Republic
FACCHI Paolo, Bari, Italy
FALCI Giuseppe, Catania, Italy
6

FERMANI Rachele, London, UK

FERRARO Elena, Palermo, Italy
FILIPP Stefan, Wien, Austria
FIORDILINO Emilio, Palermo, Italy
FLORIO Giuseppe, Bari, Italy
GENES Claudiu, Camerino, Italy
GENET Cyriaque, Strasbourg, France
GHIU Iulia, Bucharest, Romania
GIORGI Gian Luca, Roma, Italia
GLADUSH Yuriy, Troitsk, Russia
GLADUSH Maxim, Troitsk, Russia
GLUSHKOV Alexander, Odessa, Ukraine
GUCCIONE Marina, Palermo, Italy
GUZMAN ESTRADA Robert Paul, Temuco, Chile
HÄRKÖNEN Kari, Turku, Finland
HASOVIC Elvedin, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
HENKEL Carsten, Potsdam, Germany
HRADIL Zdenek, Olomouc, Czech Republic
INTRAVAIA Francesco, Potsdam, Germany
ISAR Aurelian, Bucharest, Romania
ISKHAKOV Timur, Moscow, Russia
IVANOV Svetoslav, Sofia, Bulgaria
JAKOB Matthias, Sofia, Bulgaria
JIMÉNEZ HENRÍQUEZ Omar Alejandro, Concepción, Chile
JIVULESCU Anastasia, Palermo/Timisoara, Italy/Romania
JOVIC Dragana, Belgrade, Serbia
KÄRKI Ollijuhani, Turku, Finland
KHETSELIUS Olga, Odessa, Ukraine
KIMURA Gen, Sendai, Japan
KLIMOV Andrei, Guadalajara, Mexico
KOROLI Vlad, Kishinev, Moldova
KRAMO Aida, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
KUMAR Rakesh, Varanasi, India
KUMAR Rupesh, Camerino, Italy
LASTRA PEREZ Freddy Antonio, Santiago, Chile
LAZAROU Constantinos, Brighton, UK
LININGTON Ian, Brighton, England
LO FRANCO Rosario, Palermo, Italy
LULLI Alfredo, Milan, Italy
LUPO Cosmo, Napoli, Italy
MACOVEI Mihai, Heidelberg, Germany
MÄKELÄ Harri, Turku, Finland
MALINOVSKY Andrey, Odessa, Ukraine
MANCINI Francesco Paolo, Perugia, Italy
MANGANO Giuseppe, Catania, Italy
MANISCALCO Sabrina, Turku, Finland
MANKO Margarita, Moscow, Russian Federation
MANKO Vladimir, Moscow, Russian Federation
MARANGOS Jonathan, London, UK
MARIAN Paulina, Bucharest, Romania
MARIAN Tudor A., Bucharest, Romania
 7

MARMO Giuseppe, Napoli, Italy

MASTELLONE Andrea, Catania, Italy
MAUGERI Alessio Gerardo, Catania, Italy
MEL’NIKOV Igor, Moscow, Russia
MESSINA Antonino, Palermo, Italy
MESSINA Riccardo, Palermo, Italy
MIGLIORE Rosanna, Palermo, Italy
MILITELLO Benedetto, Palermo, Italy
MILOSEVIC Dejan, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
MOREV Dmitry, Moscow, Russia
MOREVA Ekaterina, Moscow, Russia
MUSAKHANYAN Viktor, Yerevan, Armenia
MUSTECAPLIOGLU Ozgur, Istanbul, Turkey
NAKAZATO Hiromichi, Tokyo, Japan
NAPOLI Anna, Palermo, Italy
NAVEZ Patrick, Leuven, Belgium
OGDEN Christopher, Belfast, Northern Ireland
OLIVARES Stefano, Milano, Italia
OLSEN Murray, Brisbane, Australia
ORLOWSKI Arkadiusz, Warszawa, Poland
PAGANELLI Simone, Roma, Italy
PALADINO Elisabetta, Catania, Italy
PARIS Matteo G A, Milano, Italy
PASCAZIO Saverio, Bari, Italy
PASSANTE Roberto, Palermo, Italy
PERINA Jan, Olomouc, Czech Republic
PERINOVA Vlasta, Olomouc, Czech Republic
PERSICO Francesco Saverio, Palermo, Italy
PHILBIN Thomas, St Andrews, UK
PIILO Jyrki, Turku, Finland
PLASTINA Francesco, Cosenza, Italy
POLETTI Dario, Singapore, Singapore
POPOV Alexander, Stevens Point, USA
PRVANOVIC Slobodan, Belgrade, Serbia
PUDDU Emiliano, Como, Italy
RAIMOND Jean-Michel, Paris, France
RANGELOV Andon, Sofia, Bulgaria
RAUCH Helmut, Vienna, Austria
REHACEK Jaroslav, Olomouc, Czech Republic
RIZZUTO Lucia, Palermo, Italy
RODRIGUEZ Cesar, Austin, USA
ROMERO Guillermo, Santiago, Chile
SAHRAI BARENJI Mostafa, Tabriz, Iran
SANCHEZ SOTO Luis L., Madrid, Spain
SCALA Matteo, Palermo, Italy
SCHEEL Stefan, London, UK
SCHILLER Diethard, Siegen, Germany
SERGI Alessandro, Messina, Italy
SHATOKHIN Vyacheslav, Minsk, Belarus
SHUMOVSKY Alexander, Ankara, Turkey
SOLIMENO Salvatore, Napoli, Italy
8

SOLOMON Allan, London/Paris, UK/France

SPAGNOLO Salvatore, Palermo, Italy
STRELKOV Vasily, Moscow, Russia
SUDARSHAN George, Austin, USA
SUOMINEN Kalle-Antti, Turku, Finland
TAMMA Vincenzo, Bari, Italy
TANAS Ryszard, Poznan, Poland
THE George A.P., Torino, Italy
TOPUZOSKI Suzana, Skopje, R. Macedonia
TRAINA Paolo, Torino, Italy
TRIPATHI Ajay, Durham, UK
USENKO Vladyslav, Kiev, Ukraine
VASYLYEV Dmytro, Kiev, Ucraine
VILLARREAL Carlos, Mexico City, Mexico
VITANOV Nikolay, Sofia, Bulgaria
VOURDAS Apostolos, Bradford, England
WALLENTOWITZ Sascha, Santiago, Chile
WELSCH Dirk-Gunnar, Jena, Germany
WHITE Andrew, Brisbane, Australia
YATSENKO Leonid, Kiev, Ukraine
YUASA Kazuya, Tokyo, Japan
ZACCARIA Francesco, Napoli, Italy
ZARCONE Michelangelo, Palermo, Italy
PROGRAM
 FRIDAY, 1 JUNE – SALA CAMINO

9:00 OPENING CEREMONY

Chairman: Franco PERSICO

9:30 SUOMINEN Kalle-Antti

Quantum jumps and non-Markovian evolution
10:00 BOŽIĆ Mirjana
Non-stationary wave functions of one and two quantons behind a beam splitter
10:30 YUASA Kazuya
Coherence of Field-Emitted Electrons
11:00 - 11:30 COFFEE BREAK

Chairman: Mihaly BENEDICT

11:30 SOLOMON Allan

Decoherence of Entanglement
11:50 RODRIGUEZ Cesar
Classical Correlations and Completely Positive Maps
12:10 BOVINO Fabio Antonio
Nonlinear Inequalities and Entropy-Concurrence Plane
12:30 PAGANELLI Simone
An analytical approach to the coherence properties in the dynamics of two-site tunnelling system
coupled to a harmonic oscillator
12:50 - 15:00 LUNCH

Chairman: Vladimir MAN’KO

15:00 YATSENKO Leonid

Recent Progress in Laser Based Rapid-Adiabatic-Passage
15:30 MILOSEVIC Dejan
Atomic processes in a strong laser field
16:00 SHUMOVSKY Alexander
Spin systems: an example of entanglement without nonlocality
16:30 - 17:00 COFFEE BREAK

Chairman: Zdenek HRADIL

17:00 BREUER Heinz-Peter

Optimal entanglement criteria for mixed quantum states
17:20 LUPO Cosmo
A critical point of view about the robustness argument of holonomic quantum gates
17:40 SCHEEL Stefan
CPT Maps consisting of Mixed Unitaries
18:00 BINICIOGLU CETINER Sinem
Entanglement of a Single Spin-1 Object: An Example of Ubiquitous Entanglement
 FRIDAY, 1 JUNE – SALA WAGNER

Chairman:

Chairman: André CARVALHO

11:30 WALLENTOWITZ Sascha

On “spin squeezing”by polarimetric measurements
11:50 CASAGRANDE Federico
Entanglement sharing and maximum atom-atom inseparability in driven Jaynes-Cummings dynamics
12:10 DAVIDOVIČ Milena
Should particle trajectories comply with transverse momentum distribution?
12:30 D’ANGELO Milena
Is entanglement indispensable for quantum lithography?
.
12:50 - 15:00 LUNCH

Chairman:

Chairman: Allan SOLOMON

17:00 VOURDAS Apostolos

Fourier multiport devices
17:20 WHITE Andrew
Efficient quantum logic circuits: or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Hilbert Space
17:40 OLIVARES Stefano
Interspecies teleportation and telecloning between light and cold atoms
18:00 FILIPP Stefan
Ultra Cold Neutrons and the Stability of the Geometric Phase
 SATURDAY, 2 JUNE – SALA CAMINO

Chairman: Giuseppe MARMO

9:00 SUDARSHAN George

Geometry of Dynamical Maps
9:30 HRADIL Zdenek
Tomography for quantum diagnostics
10:00 VITANOV Nikolay
Navigation in Hilbert space by quantum state reflections
10:30 - 11:00 COFFEE BREAK

Chairman: Heinz-Peter BREUER

11:00 SOLIMENO Salvatore

CV Entanglement generation in a non-degenerate Optical Parametric Oscillator
11:20 FERRARO Elena
A criterion for entanglement in two two-level systems
11:40 PUDDU Emiliano
Ghost imaging with intense entangled fields from PDC seeded by a thermal field
12:00 RANGELOV Andon
STIRAP into continuum
12:20 KLIMOV Andrei
Discrete phase-space structure and MUB tomography
12:40 - 15:00 LUNCH

Chairman: Kalle-Antti SUOMINEN

15:00 MAN’KO Margarita

Classical radiation in optical fibers as model for quantum entanglement
15:30 BENEDICT Mihaly
Quasidegenerate multilevel dynamics, Landau-Zener theory and beyond
16:00 CARVALHO André
Robust control of entanglement by quantum-jump based feedback
16:30 - 17:00 COFFEE BREAK

Chairman: Sascha WALLENTOWITZ

17:00 MUSAKHANYAN Viktor

An exact solution of Dirac’s equation in the field of plane EM wave: physical consequences.
17:20 PLASTINA Francesco
Critical properties of entanglement and Berry’s phase in the superradiant phase transition
17:40 STRELKOV Vasily
Control of attosecond pulse emission via ellipticity gating: theory and experiment

18:00 - 19:00 POSTER SESSION

 SATURDAY, 2 JUNE – SALA WAGNER

Chairman: ? ?

Chairman: Federico CASAGRANDE

11:00 WELSCH Dirk-Gunnar

QED in arbitrary linear media: A unified macroscopic approach
11:20 MASTELLONE Andrea
Mesoscopic BCS pairing in the repulsive one dimensional Hubbard model
11:40 MEL’NIKOV Igor
Generation of slow intense optical solitons in a resonance photonic crystal
12:00 FERMANI Rachele
On the feasibility of studying vortex noise in 2D superconductors with cold atoms
12:20 MANGANO Giuseppe
Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage with a Cooper Pair Box
12:40 - 15:00 LUNCH

Chairman: ? ?

Chairman: Roberto PASSANTE

17:00 NAVEZ Patrick

Mind the gap in a Bose Einstein condensate!
17:20 BIROL Turan
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, Thin Spectrum and Excitation Life Time in Bose-Einstein Condensates
11:40 GIORGI Gian Luca
Bose-Einstein Condensation in coupled photon systems

18:00 - 19:00 POSTER SESSION

 SUNDAY, 3 JUNE – SALA CAMINO

Chairman: Saverio PASCAZIO

9:00 RAIMOND Jean-Michel

Observing the quantum jumps of light
9:30 MARMO Giuseppe
Entanglement in the geometric formulation of quantum mechanics
10:00 MUSTECAPLIOGLU Ozgur
Control of Optical Dynamic Memory Capacity of an Atomic Bose-Einstein Condensate
10:30 - 11:00 COFFEE BREAK

Chairman: Apostolos VOURDAS

11:00 MANISCALCO Sabrina

Measurement induced manipulation of the quantum-classical border
11:20 FACCHI Paolo
Master equation and initial factorization
11:40 MESSINA Riccardo
Casimir-Polder force density between an atom and a conducting plate
12:00 PHILBIN Thomas
Quantum levitation by left-handed metamaterials
12:20 BRAGGIO Caterina
Recent developments in the MIR experiment
12:40 - 15:00 LUNCH

TOUR AND SOCIAL DINNER

 SUNDAY, 3 JUNE – SALA WAGNER

Chairman: ? ?

Chairman: Arkadiusz ORLOWSKI

11:00 MAN’KO Vladimir

Strong subadditivity condition and Renyi entropy in quantum information within the framework
of tomographic-probability representation
11:20 GENES Claudiu
Quantum effects in optomechanical systems
11:40 TANAS Ryszard
Birth and death of entanglement in a two-atom system
12:00 PARIS Matteo G A
Optimal quantum estimation of loss in bosonic channels
12:20 BISHOP Raymond
Extended Quantum Phase Space for Quantum Information Theory
12:40 - 15:00 LUNCH

TOUR AND SOCIAL DINNER

 MONDAY, 4 JUNE – SALA CAMINO

Chairman: Luis SANCHEZ-SOTO

9:00 RAUCH Helmut

Neutrons as Manipulable Quantum Objects
9:30 BRAMBILLA Enrico
Quantum spatial correlations in parametric down-conversion and detection of faint images
10:00 ORLOWSKI Arkadiusz
Decoherence of entangled states in multi-mode cavities
10:30 - 11:00 COFFEE BREAK

Chairman: Dirk-Gunnar WELSCH

11:00 LININGTON Ian

Dissipation control in cavity QED with oscillating boundaries
11:20 LO FRANCO Rosario
Efficient Generation of Generalized Binomial States in a Cavity
11:40 OGDEN Christopher
Concentration and purification of entanglement for qubit systems with ancillary cavity fields
12:00 DUSEK Miloslav
Various experimental realizations of symmetric and asymmetric phase-covariant quantum cloners
12:20 PERINOVA Vlasta
Invariant-subspace method of solution of nonlinear Heisenberg equations
12:40 - 15:00 LUNCH

Chairman: Francesco PETRUCCIONE

15:00 MARANGOS Jonathan

Molecular Imaging in the Attosecond Regime using High Harmonic Generation
15:30 PASCAZIO Saverio
Quantum Zeno subspaces
16:00 SHATOKHIN Vyacheslav
The coherent backscattering spectrum of two atoms
16:30 - 17:00 COFFEE BREAK

Chairman: Hiromichi NAKAZATO

17:00 ANDREEV Vladimir

The tomographic approach to analysis of entanglement property
17:20 ISKHAKOV Timur
High-visibility multi-photon interference for classical light
17:40 TAMMA Vincenzo
Reliability of NOON-state production schemes
18:00 DE GUISE Hubert
Picturing the Wigner function of angular momentum intelligent states
18:20 GLUSHKOV Alexander
Optics and spectroscopy of cooperative laser-electron nuclear processes in atomic, molecular
and cluster systems - new trend in quantum optics
 MONDAY, 4 JUNE – SALA WAGNER

Chairman: ? ?

9:00

9:30

10:00

10:30 - 11:00 COFFEE BREAK

Chairman: Dejan MILOSEVIC

11:00 USENKO Vladyslav

Quantum communication with photon-number entangled states of light upon realistic conditions
11:20 GHIU Iulia
Probabilistic implementation of a two-output quantum processor for quDits
11:40 FLORIO Giuseppe
Multipartite entanglement characterization of a quantum phase transition via probability density function
12:00 SERGI Alessandro
Quantum-Classical Dynamics of Wave Fields
12:20 ALLEVI Alessia
Quantum and classical correlations in tripartite states of light
12:40 - 15:00 LUNCH

Chairman: ? ?

15:00

15:30

16:00

16:30 - 17:00 COFFEE BREAK

Chairman: Giuseppe COMPAGNO

17:00 ISAR Aurelian

Quantum fidelity for Gaussian states describing the evolution of open systems
17:20 MAUGERI Alessio Gerardo
Structured environments in solid state systems: crossover from Gaussian to non-Gaussian behavior
17:40 BONDANI Maria
Experimental demonstration of sub-shot-noise intensity correlations in an intense twin-beam
18:00 BONANNO Giovanni
Photoionization and electron energy control by attosecond pulses
18:20 THÉ George A.P.
Optical setup for teleportation of the XOR function using coherent state qubits
 TUESDAY, 5 JUNE – SALA CAMINO

Chairman: Mirjana BOŽIĆ

9:00 MARIAN Paulina

Gaussian entanglement of formation for two-mode Gaussian states
9:30 GENET Cyriaque
Casimir in the nanoworld
10:00 SANCHEZ SOTO Luis L.
Quantum reconstruction of an intense polarization squeezed optical beam
10:30 - 11:00 COFFEE BREAK

Chairman: Margarita MAN’KO

11:00 ABD AL-KADER Gamal

A class of nonlinear two-mode squeezed coherent states
11:20 MACOVEI Mihai
Light interference and localization of strongly driven multiparticle systems
11:40 SAHRAI BARENJI Mostafa
The effect of the spontaneously generated coherence on the dynamical behaviors of the dispersion
and the absorption
12:00 DI PIAZZA Antonino
Nonlinear interaction of strong laser fields in vacuum
12:20 INTRAVAIA Francesco
Dissipation and Non-locality in the Casimir Effect
12:40 - 15:00 LUNCH

Chairman: Leonid YATSENKO

15:00 DE SIENA Silvio

Study of quantum correlations in nonclassical entangled states
15:20 POPOV Alexander
Quantum switching in negative-index metamaterials
15:40 D’ARRIGO Antonio
Quantum Capacity of a dephasing channel with memory
16:00 JIMÉNEZ HENRÍQUEZ Omar Alejandro
Experimental scheme for unambiguous discrimination between linearly independent symmetric states.

16:20 - 17:00 CLOSING CEREMONY

 TUESDAY, 5 JUNE – SALA WAGNER

Chairman:

9:00

9:30

10:00

10:30 - 11:00 COFFEE BREAK

Chairman: Vyacheslav SHATOKHIN

11:00 COMPAGNO Giuseppe

Decoherence induced by finite time measurements
11:20 LULLI Alfredo
Dynamics of entanglement transfer from two quantized radiation modes to two qubits
11:40 DAVIDOVIĆ Dragomir
Scaling invariance of the Husimi distributions - possible physical implications
12:00 CARIÑENA José F.
A new approach to Ermakov systems and applications in quantum physics
12:20 CICCARELLO Francesco
Teleportation of atomic states via cavity QED and position measurements
12:40 - 15:00 LUNCH

Chairman: Helmut RAUCH

15:00 CHIMONIDOU Antonia

Relaxation Phenomena in a System of Two Harmonic Oscillators
15:20 OLSEN Murray
Teleportation of massive particles without shared entanglement
15:40 VILLARREAL Carlos
High Tc Superconductivity and Quasi-2D Bose-Einstein Condensation
16:00 KUMAR Rakesh
Antibunching of light in interaction of two two-level atoms with a single mode coherent radiation

16:20 - 17:00 CLOSING CEREMONY

ABSTRACTS
Plenary sessions will take place in “sala Camino”
Sessions A will take place in “sala Camino”
Sessions B will take place in “sala Wagner”
 23

ABD AL-KADER Gamal Talk: Tue 11:00

A class of nonlinear two-mode squeezed coherent states

G.M. Abd Al-Kader and A.-S. F. Obada

Al-Azhar University

Nonlinear extensions of the single-mode, two-mode squeezed vacuum and squeezed coherent states
are constructed. Nonlinear two-mode squeezed coherent states (NTMSCS’s) are defined and special cases
of these states are discussed. Two cases of the definition are considered for unitary and non-unitary
deformation operator function. Some nonclassical properties of these states are discussed. The Glauber
second-order coherence function is calculated. Analytical and numerical results for the quadrature com-
ponent distributions for the NTMSCS’s are presented. The s-parameterized quasi-probability function,
especially the Wigner function is discussed.

AL-AWFI Saud Poster

Influence of fluctuations of a laser light on the reflection process of atomic mirror

Saud Al-Awfi and Smail Bougouffa

Department of Physics, Taibah University, Madina Munawwarah, P.O.Box 344,Saudi-Arabia

The influence of phase fluctuations of a laser light on the atomic reflection process of evanescent modes
is investigated. This influence is one of the main factors that limit the performance of the atomic mirror
action obstructing the ultimate goal of near-perfect coherent reflection process. It is concluded that this
influence plays a significant role hence should be incorporated in the treatment of quantum dynamics. By
operating at low intensities, this influence can only be minimized. We derive mathematical expressions
for the optical forces, considering the phase fluctuations due to the laser light source. All treatments
of the phase diffusion model are deduced from the well-known master equation. Different effects arising
from application of various phase fluctuations values are considered. These include enhancement of the
spontaneous force, and decreasing the dipole forces magnitudes. The changes of the atom trajectories
due to these effects are pointed out and discussed.

ALLEVI Alessia Talk: Mon 12:20 B

Quantum and classical correlations in tripartite states of light

A. Allevi1 , M. Bondani2 , M. G. A. Paris3 and A. Andreoni1

1
C.N.R.-I.N.F.M.-C.N.I.S.M., Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, Università dell’Insubria, Como
(Italy)
2
National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science - C.N.R.-I.N.F.M., Como (Italy)
3
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano (Italy)

Interest in continuous variable multipartite entanglement has recently grown due to its apparent use-
fulness as an enabling technology in quantum information and communication protocols such as quantum
dense coding and teleportation networks. Here we present a compact experimental realization of fully
inseparable three-mode entangled states of radiation (entangled triplet) by two interlinked nonlinear in-
teractions taking place simultaneously in a second-order nonlinear crystal that operates starting from
vacuum. The tripartite output state is endowed with entanglement properties in the number of photons:
in particular, the number of photons in one of the parties must equal the sum of photons in the other two.
This implies the existence of strong intensity correlations among the generated fields so that intensity-
correlation measurements, also in the case of imperfect photodetection, can be viewed as a diagnostic tool
for the identification of the entangled triplet. Nevertheless, the existence of strong intensity correlations
among the generated fields is necessary but not sufficient to demonstrate the entangled nature of the
triplet. In fact, we demonstrate by explicit evaluation that, for the entangled triplet, the correlation co-
efficient between the three parties taken in pairs must approach unity regardless the quantum or classical
nature of the correlations. On the other hand, discrimination between classical and quantum statistics
24

can be done in terms of the fluctuations of suitable combinations of the photocurrents measured on the
parties of the triplet. We also prove that a sufficient criterion for the full inseparability of the generated
state is given by the possibility of realizing a true tripartite quantum protocol, such as the symmetric
and asymmetric telecloning scheme.

ANDREEV Vladimir Talk: Mon 17:00 A

The tomographic approach to analysis of entanglment property

V. Andreev
Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia

The alternative approach to study quantum nonlocality and entanglment property of multiparticle
spin states is proposed. The spin states are described with the help of tomographic variables. These
variables are probabilities of some measurable quantities. The multiparticle spin states are defined by
the probability distributions of the spin projections on some selected axes in configurational space. The
direction of each axis is fixed by two angles. We investigate dependence of the probability distributions
of the spin projections on these angles. The form of these functions defines the type of a state. For some
functions it is factorizable, and for other - entangled.

BELLOMO Bruno Poster

Thwarted evolution by repeated measurements

Bruno Bellomo,1 Giuseppe Compagno,1 H. Nakazato,2 K. Yuasa 3

1
Department of Physical and Astronomical Sciences - University of Palermo
2
Department of Physics, Waseda University - Tokyo, Japan
3
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, Italy

Repeated measurements on a given system has been shown to influence the dynamics of another sys-
tem interacting with it. This has been studied in the case of discrete levels systems [1]. Here we study the
case of two interacting continuous levels systems represented by a free charged particle and the quantized
electromagnetic field. Recently it has been proposed,in the context of environment induced decoherence,
an approximations scheme that allows to treat exactly the unitary dynamical evolution of the particle +
field system [2]. Here we use this scheme to analyze the influence that repeated measurements on the
particle have on the evolution of the field initially taken in the vacuum state.
[1] H. Nakazato, T. Takazawa and K. Yuasa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 060401 (2003).
[2] B. Bellomo, G. Compagno and F. Petruccione, Phys. Rev. A 74 052112 (2006).
 25

BENEDICT Mihaly Talk: Sat 15:30

Quasidegenerate multilevel dynamics, Landau-Zener theory and beyond

P. Földi, M. G. Benedict
University of Szeged, Department of Theoretical Physics

We consider the time evolution of the populations of a quasidegenerate multilevel system in an exter-
nal time-dependent field, with fast sweep rates. We show that the process can be described as a sequence
of two-level transitions between adiabatic states. The multilevel nature of the problem causes the transi-
tion probabilities to deviate significantly from the predictions of the Landau-Zener-Stueckelberg model.
The calculations are based on the ‘exact’ numerical solution of the time dependent dynamical problem.
When including phase relaxation by means of an appropriate master equation, we observe an interplay
between coherent dynamics and decoherence. We apply the method to magnetic molecules attracting
much interest recently.

BINICIOGLU CETINER Sinem Talk: Fri 18:00 A

Entanglement of a Single Spin-1 Object: An Example of Ubiquitous Entanglement

Sinem Binicioglu, M. Ali Can, Alexander A. Klyachko, and Alexander S. Shumovsky

Bilkent University, Science Faculty

Using a single spin-1 object as an example, we discuss a recent approach to quantum entanglement.
The key idea of the approach consists in presetting of basic observables in the very definition of quantum
system. Specification of basic observables defines the dynamic symmetry of the system. Entangled states
of the system are then interpreted as states with maximal amount of uncertainty of all basic observables.
The approach gives purely physical picture of entanglement. In particular, it separates principle physical
properties of entanglement from inessential. Within the model example under consideration, we show
relativity of entanglement with respect to dynamic symmetry and argue existence of single-particle en-
tanglement. A number of physical examples are considered.

BIROL Turan Talk: Sat 17:20 B

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, Thin Spectrum and Excitation Life Time in
Bose - Einstein Condensates

T. Birol, O. E. Mustecaplioglu
Department of Physics, Koc University

We consider the phase decoherence of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in the dilute gas limit. We
show that apart from the collapse of the ground state, there is also another mechanism of phase decoher-
ence limiting the life time of any excitation above the ground state. This mechanism is related with the
presence of a ’thin spectrum’, which is a group of states with energy difference much lower than experi-
mental precision, and its validity for any type of quantum system is recently proved [J. van Wezel et. al.,
Phys. Rev. B, 94, 094430 (2006)]. We also clarify how thin spectrums emerge from spontaneously broken
continuous symmetries and discuss different symmetries that can be broken in Bose-Einstein condensates.
26

BISHOP Raymond Talk: Sun 12:20 B

Extended Quntum Phase Space for Quantum Information Theory

Raymond F. Bishop
The University of Manchester

A complete description of quantum information theory needs to take into account simultaneously at
least three important concepts or principles, namely: (a) quantum entanglement, (b) quantum coherence
versus decoherence (i.e., in the presence of dissipation), and (c) the quantum-classical limit (or quantum-
classical interface). We discuss how the concept of quantum phase space can be enlarged to provide just
such a unified and consistent description. The usual (x-p) phase-space formulation of quantum mechan-
ics has its practical origins in work of Wigner from over 70 years ago, where he originated the idea of
a quantum phase-space distribution function. The formalism has since been developed and utilised in
many fields of physics, including statistical physics, quantum optics and electronics, collision theory, and
quantum chaos. It has the especially attractive feature that it provides a framework in which quantal
phenomena can be described using as much classical language as possible. The phase-space formalism
provides important insights into one of the key issues, namely of quantum-classical correspondence or
non-correspondence. Here we show how, by going right back to a reformulation of classical mechanics
in an extended (x-p-X-P) phase space, one can also introduce a corresponding extended quantum phase
space with extremely appealing properties for a consistent description of quantum information theory.
The doubling of the number of degrees of freedom, which, rather surprisingly, has its roots in classi-
cal mechanics, has strong overlaps with a similar feature of thermo-field dynamics, and hence with the
treatment of quantum systems subject to thermal noise. We show how the extended (x-p-X-P) phase
space also provides a natural means to describe simultaneously the quantum fluctuations or quantum
noise (in the x-p variables) and the quantum correlations (in the (X-P) variables) present in a quantal
system. Thus, the extended quantum phase-space framework provides a very natural vehicle to discuss
all three of the above-mentioned concepts inherent to quantum information theory. It also unifies the
description of mixed states, and provides a means to discuss together the Wigner and Weyl functions of a
quantal system. Finally, the framework enables us to utilise in a very unified fashion the coherent mixed
states (or thermal coherent states) associated with the displaced harmonic oscillator at finite tempera-
ture, that we have introduced previously as a “random” (or “thermal” or “noisy”) basis in Hilbert space.

BONANNO Giovanni Talk: Mon 18:00 B

Photoionization and electron energy control by attosecond pulses

S. Bivona, G. Bonanno, R. Burlon, C. Leone

Di.F.Te.R. University of Palermo and C.N.I.S.M.

We report on numerical results of energy spectra of photoelectrons emitted by irradiating a hydro-

gen atom with a bichromatic field. The spectra have been obtained by numerical integration of the
Schrodinger equation. The highest frequency component of the pulse has been assumed to have low
intensity and such a frequency that a single photon may ionize the atom. The intensity of the lowest
frequency component has been taken in such a way that a large number of low-frequency photons may
be exchanged with the ejected electron. We have found that the photoelectrons energy spectra strongly
depend on both the relative phase and time lag of the fields of the pulse.
 27

BONDANI Maria Talk: Mon 17:40 B

Experimental demonstration of sub-shot-noise intensity correlations in an intense
twin-beam

M. Bondani,1 A. Allevi,2 G. Zambra,2,3 M. G. A. Paris3 , A. Andreoni2

1
National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science - C.N.R.-I.N.F.M.
2
C.N.R.-I.N.F.M.-C.N.I.S.M., Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, Università dell’Insubria, Como
3
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Milano

It is well known that twin-beam states exhibit perfect quantum correlations in the photon number
for any mean photon value. In principle, true twin-beam states are those generated by spontaneous
parametric downconversion (SPDC) in traveling-wave optical parametric amplifiers (OPA), though ap-
proximations to them can be obtained by optical parametric oscillators, where the intensity can be
increased at the price of introducing a classical amplitude and additional noise. Here we present the
demonstration of sub-shot noise correlations in a twin beam obtained from a pulsed OPA starting from
the vacuum state in the mesoscopic (more than 1000 photons) regime by direct measurement of the
number of photons in the two parties of the twin state. This procedure yields complete information on
the photon statistics and makes the system available for applications, such as the production of condi-
tional states, which is actually feasible. The SPDC emission is characterized by the presence of coherence
areas and it is necessary to spatially select the correct twin areas on signal and idler in order to match
the single-mode theoretical description. We demonstrate that this experimental condition minimizes the
amount of detected spurious light and maximizes the quantum noise reduction. Our OPA consists of a
4-mm-thick BBO I crystal pumped by 349-nm 4.5-ps pulses at 500 Hz repetition rate. Signal and idler are
chosen non-degenerate in frequency (signal wavelength: 632.8 nm and idler wavelength: 778.2 nm). The
intensities of signal and idler are measured independently by two amplified p-i-n photodiodes. Accurate
calibrations of the voltage outputs of the amplifiers give the sensitivities to be used for converting the
recorded data into numbers of detected photons. The resulting numbers are then subtracted from each
other to demonstrate quantum noise reduction in the difference. Upon correcting for the background
noise, we found that the variance of the detected-photon difference goes below the shot-noise limit by
3.25 dB.

BOUGOUFFA Smail Poster

Dynamical aspects in the optical Bloch equations

Smail Bougouffa and Saud Al-Awfi

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, P. O. Box 344, Madinah, Saidi Arabia.

In quantum optics, we are often concerned with the dynamics of atoms coupled to an electromagnetic
field (laser). Some simple models are required to describe many aspects of this dynamics. In these mod-
els, the field may be described either classically or fully quantum mechanically, while the atomic system
is adequately described by a small number of essential states. This simplest atomic model is of course
the two-level-atom. The classical treatment of the field is valid when the field contains many photons. In
this case, the quantum correlations of the atomic operators and the field are neglected. In general, the
physical mechanisms of the atomic motion in laser are governed by the optical Bloch equations which are
coupled differential equations and they are solved in the steady-state. On the other hand, to investigate
the transient aspects on atomic motion, we have to solve the coupled system which does not, in general,
permit exact analytic solutions. We present an analytic separation approach to solve this coupled system.
The conditions that permit an exact solutions form an interesting physical trends. The case of sodium
atom moving along sanding-wave is treated with some details.
28

BOVINO Fabio Antonio Talk: Fri 12:10 A

Nonlinear Inequalities and Entropy-Concurrence Plane

Fabio A. Bovino
ELSAGDATAMAT

Nonlinear inequalities based on the quadratic Renyi entropy for mixed two-qubit states are charac-
terized on the Entropy-Concurrence plane. This class of inequalities is stronger than Clauser-Horne-
Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequalities and, in particular, are violated “in toto” by the set of Type I
Maximally-Entangled-Mixture States (MEMS I).

BOYACIOGLU Bahadir Poster

Quantized Magnetic Fluxes Through the Excited State Orbits of Hydrogen Atom

B. Boyacioglu,1 Z. Saglam2
1
Ankara University, Vocational School of Health, Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey
2
DLH Research Lab. Ministry of Transportation, Macunkoy, Ankara, Turkey

We investigate the quantized magnetic fluxes through the excited state orbits, corrresponding to the
(n, l, mj ) states of hydrogen atom in the absence of an external magnetic field. The sources of the mag-
netic fields are taken to be that of proton’s magnetic moment and electron’s magnetic moment which has
two components, namely the orbital part and the spinning part .We show that the quantized magnetic
fluxes through these orbits take the form of (n − l − mj )hc/e. The present result gives access to the spin
flip-floppings in the optical transitions of hydrogen atom. It is also believed to serve a significant help for
understanding the recent observations of spin relaxation in excitonic transitions (such as 1s-2p or 2p-3d)
in nanostructures.

BOŽIĆ Mirjana Talk: Fri 10:00

Non-stationary wave functions of one and two quantons behind a beam splitter

Mirjana Božić,1 Milena Davidović2 and Dušan Arsenović1

1
Institute of Physics, Belgrade
2
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Belgrade

Beam splitter is a device which is in the heart of quantum interferometry [1], attosecond metrology
[2], modern quantum information processing. But, its name emphasizes only one of its essential prop-
erties: that its splits an initial beam into two beams. This name does not take into account either the
mutual coherence of the two beams, which it generates from an initial beam, or the influence of this
coherence on a particle associated with a wave. We propose to regard a beam splitter as a generator of
a wave field (photon field or matter wave field), which has narrow maxima at the points along and in
close vicinity of two particular lines, and negligible values at all other points. Such a field is generated
from an initial narrow beam. A particle associated with a wave acquires randomly at the grating a new
value of momentum. This new momentum directs a particle to one of the lines, along which it moves
following the time evolution of a wave field. This picture is derived by considering a diffraction grating
as a model of a beam splitter. A time dependent wave function of a single particle, behind a diffraction
grating, describes the wholeness of a wave and of its evolution behind a grating [3,4]. The possible paths
of a particle are at the same time the lines along which its wave function has maxima [3]. This explains
the intriguing finding of quantum interferometry, that a single particle moving along one of the paths
has the information about the existence of other paths [1] : this information is due to the wholeness of
particles wave function along and in between these paths. The beam splitter is also important because
it may act as an entangler [5]. We study entangling properties of a beam splitters by evaluating time
dependent wave functions of two quantons for various initial states.
[1] H. Rauch and S.A. Werner, Neutron Interferometry: Lessons in Experimental Quantum Mechanics
(Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2000) p. 350-365.
 29

[2] E. Goulielmakis et al., Appl. Phys. B 74 (2002) 74.

[3]. M. Božić, D. Arsenović and L. Vušković, Phys. Rev. A 69 (2004) 053618
[4]. D. Arsenović, M. Božić, O.V. Man’ko and V.I.Man’ko, J.Russ. Las. Res. 26 (2005) 95.
[5]. M.S.Kim, W. Son, V. Bužek and P.L. Knight, Phys. Rev. A 65 (2002) 032323.

BRAGGIO Caterina Talk: Sun 12:20 A

Recent developments in the MIR experiment

C. Braggio, G. Bressi, G. Carugno, G. Ruoso, D. Zanello

università di padova, INFN Pavia, INFN padova, INFN LNL, INFN Roma

The radiation generated by time modulation of the quantum vacuum is a subject that has gained
importance in the last decade, following the experimental results obtained in the measurement of the
static Casimir effect. The so-called dynamic Casimir effect should occur when the motion of the bound-
aries is performed with non constant acceleration, giving rise to photon production from the vacuum.
Recent theories including the effect of losses in the MIR (Motion Induced Radiation) experimental appa-
ratus will be analysed, showing that in even in a dissipative environment of a real cavity, the number of
produced photons should be in the sensitivity range of the devised eterodyne receiver. Spurious effects
such as blackbody emission during the experiment and pre-existing thermal fields inside the cavity will
be discussed as well.

BRAMBILLA Enrico Talk: Mon 9:30

Quantum spatial correlations in parametric down-conversion and detection of faint
images

Enrico Brambilla, Alessandra Gatti, Lucia Caspani, Ottavia Jedrkiewicz and Luigi Lugiato
Università dell’Insubria

A recent experiment has demonstrated the quantum nature of spatial fluctuations in the high gain
regime of parametric down-conversion. We show theoretically and numerically that, by exploiting the
local character of these spatial correlations, it is possible to image weak amplitude objects with a sensi-
tivity beyond the standard quantum limit.

BREUER Heinz-Peter Talk: Fri 17:00 A

Optimal entanglement criteria for mixed quantum states

Heinz-Peter Breuer
Physikalisches Institut, Universitaet Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany

We develop a strong and computationally simple entanglement criterion. The criterion is based on
an elementary positive map Φ which operates on state spaces with even dimension N ≥ 4. It is shown
that Φ detects many entangled states with positive partial transposition (PPT) and that it leads to a
class of optimal entanglement witnesses. This implies that there are no other witnesses which can detect
more entangled PPT states. The map Φ yields a systematic method for the explicit construction of
high-dimensional manifolds of bound entangled states.
30

CARIÑENA José F. Talk: Tue 12:00 B

A new approach to Ermakov systems and applications in quantum physics

José F. Cariñena
Departamento de Fı́sica Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza

Milne-Pinney equation ẍ = −ω 2 (t)x + k/x3 is usually studied together with the time-dependent har-
monic oscillator ÿ + ω 2 (t)y = 0 and the system is called Ermakov system, and actually Pinney showed
in a short paper that the general solution of the first equation can be written as a superposition of two
solutions of the associated harmonic oscillator. A recent generalization of the concept of Lie systems
for second order differential equations and the usual techniques of Lie systems will be used to study
the Ermakov system. Several applications of Ermakov systems in Quantum Mechanics as the relation
between Schroedinger and Milne equations or the use of Lewis–Riesenfeld invariant will be analysed from
this geometric viewpoint.

CARVALHO André Talk: Sat 16:00

Robust control of entanglement by quantum-jump based feedback

André R. R. Carvalho
Department of Physics, The Australian National University

We present a feedback strategy, based on quantum-jump detection, to generate highly entangled

steady states of atoms in a cavity. The scheme overcomes spontaneous emission effects, and is robust
against detection inefficiencies and errors in the control Hamiltonian.

CASAGRANDE Federico Talk: Fri 11:50 B

Entanglement sharing and maximum atom-atom inseparability in driven
Jaynes-Cummings dynamics

F. Casagrande and A. Lulli

Università degli Studi di Milano - Dipartimento di Fisica

We investigate the entanglement of a tripartite system where a cavity field mode is off-resonantly cou-
pled to two atoms that are driven by a resonant coherent field [1]. In the Hamiltonian regime and under
strong driving conditions we find that for moderately detuned atom-field coupling the system entangle-
ment can alternatively concentrate either (fully) in the atom-atom or (partially) in the two atom-field
subsystems. Also completely separable states can be approximately implemented. In the case of disper-
sive coupling the atomic entanglement grows up monotonically to the maximum value and remains nearly
stationary in the absence of atom-field entanglement, contrary to the case of resonant atom-field coupling
where only the atom-field subsystems entangle and the atomic correlations are classic [2]. Including cavity
dissipation we describe the increase of the atomic entanglement for increasing values of the cavity decay
rate.
[1] F. Casagrande and A. Lulli, submitted for publication.
[2] F. Casagrande and A. Lulli, Int. J. Q. Inf., in press (2007)
 31

CHIMONIDOU Antonia Talk: Tue 15:00 B

Relaxation Phenomena in a System of Two Harmonic Oscillators

Antonia Chimonidou, E.C.G Sudarshan

University of Texas at Austin

In quantum information, one is often interested in a physical system C, composed of two quantum
subsystems A and B, interacting through some external interaction Hamiltonian. We are interested in
how the interaction Hamiltonian forces the two subsystems to relax when in contact with each other.
Entanglement between two initially uncoupled subsystems leads to the exchange of quantities such as
purity or polarization, or for thermodynamical systems, temperature. We would like to understand the
process by which this exchange occurs. Starting from the initial density matrices of the two subsystems,
it is possible to calculate the corresponding time-evolved density matrices of the subsystems at some
future time, by taking partial trace of the density matrix describing the complete interacting system. In
this poster, we present the mechanisms which generate relaxation of a bipartite system composed of two
harmonic oscillators A and B. Both the systems A and B are initially at equilibrium at temperatures T1
and T2 respectively, and are assumed to be uncoupled. We apply a general interaction Hamiltonian for
some time interval t, and study how the two subsystems evolve under this operation. After successive
application of the interaction Hamiltonian, we expect that, for each oscillator, the initial Boltzmann
distribution will be replaced by another Boltzmann distribution at a new equilibrium temperature. We
calculate this new temperature by numerical methods.

CICCARELLO Francesco Talk: Tue 12:20 B

Teleportation of atomic states via cavity QED and position measurements

M. Tumminello, F. Ciccarello
University of Palermo

We present a scheme for conditionally teleporting an unknown atomic state in cavity QED which re-
quires two atoms and one cavity mode. The translational degrees of freedom of the atoms are accounted
for using the optical Stern-Gerlach model. We show that successful teleportation with probability 1/2
can be achieved through local measurements of the cavity photon number and atomic positions. Neither
Bell-state measurement nor holonomous interaction time-constraints are required.

CIOBANU Nellu Poster

Entropy Evolution of Two Radiators in interaction with Cavity Field

Nellu Ciobanu and Nicolae A. Enaki

Institute of Applied Physics, Academy of Sciences of Moldova

Over the past decade a greet attention is devoted to quantum mixing of two-subsystems which enter
in interaction. Modern experiments in quantum electromagnetic cavity have achieved the exceptional
circumstance of strong coupling for which single quanta can profoundly impact the dynamics of the
atom-interaction impact. Moreover the regime of strong coupling, in which coherent quantum interac-
tions between atoms and cavity field dominate dissipation, offers a unique setting for the study of open
quantum systems. We develop a theoretical model of trapping effects for the cooling atom in an optical
trap inside an optical cavity, as relevant to recent experiments. Here we open the possibilities for investi-
gations of optical processes with single atoms and photons in lithographically fabricated microresonators.
In this paper we present a new quantum model for a three-level atom in V- configuration interacting with
cavity radiation. We found the conditions for which the radiator and cavity field become factorized in
the process of evolution. These factorized states describe the possibilities of reversibility between the two
quantum oscillators in interaction processes. If the flying time through the micro cavity coincides with
the reversible time, the system formed from two quantum oscillators becomes disentangled. In opposite
case the system remains entangled. The temporal behavior of Shannon entropy is studied in this difficult
32

interaction between two quantum oscillators with different nature.

COMPAGNO Giuseppe Talk: Tue 11:00 B

Decoherence induced by finite time measurements

Bruno Bellomo, Giuseppe Compagno, Francesco Persico

Department of Physical and Astronomical Sciences - University of Palermo

When a free particle interacts with a field in its vacuum state, it is subject to dynamical dressing
which is connected with the zero point field induced decoherence [1]. Finite time measurements on a
fully dressed particle are known to be able only to observe the particle as not fully dressed [2]. Here we
investigate if this effect may give place to a loss of coherence in the observation of the interference of
fully dressed states. To this purpose We consider a Young like experiment where a fully dressed particle
is first diffracted and then observed by a measurement process lasting a finite time. We show that the
result of these measurements produces a reduction of the visibility of the observed interference fringes
interpreted as a loss of coherence.
[1] B. Bellomo, G. Compagno and F. Petruccione, Phys. Rev. A 74 052112 (2006).
[2] G. Compagno, R. Passante and F. Persico, Atom-Field Interactions and Dressed Atoms, (Cambridge
University Press) (1995).

CONTRERAS-REYES Ana Poster

Quantum Electrodynamics of an atom in front of a dielectric slab

Ana Contreras-Reyes and Claudia Eberlein

University of Sussex

The energy-level shift of a ground state atom that is located near a non-dispersive and non-dissipative
dielectric slab is calculated. The shift is due to the interaction of the atom with electromagnetic field
fluctuations, which are affected by the presence of the slab. The calculation is done by quantizing the
electric field by means of a normal-mode expansion and applying second-order perturbation theory to the
interaction Hamiltonian. We also check for completeness of the modes, which in past papers has simply
been assumed to be satisfied for this system. It is shown that the contribution coming from traveling
modes can be transform into a sum over the poles of the reflection coefficient, which are related to the
dispersion relations of the trapped modes. Therefore, it is possible to combine contributions coming from
both traveling and evanescent modes.
 33

CORSO Pietro Paolo Poster

Evidence of Nuclear Motion in Hydrogen-like molecules by means of high
Harmonic Generation

G. Castiglia, P.P. Corso, R. Daniele, E. Fiordilino, F. Morales, G. Orlando, F. Persico

CNISM and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche ed Astronomiche and Dipartimento di Fisica e Tecnologie
Relative

We study the dynamics of one dimensional hydrogen-like molecules subjected to an intense laser field
using a semiclassical model in which the two electrons are described as quantum particles interacting
with classical nuclei. The dynamics of the nuclei is given by two coupled Newton equations of motion
taking into account the interaction with the electron
√ clouds. Such an interaction is responsible for nuclear
vibrational motion whose frequency scales as 1/ M . The emitted spectra take clear evidence of such
oscillations showing a series of sidebands around the odd harmonic peaks, regularly spaced. In this way
it is possible to use the high order harmonic generation spectra as a tool to investigate the nuclear motion.

D’ANGELO Milena Talk: Fri 12:30 B

Is entanglement indispensable for quantum lithography?

Milena D’Angelo
Univ. degli studi di Bari

We analyze the two-photon image produced in a lithographic setup both by entangled two-photon and
by coherent and chaotic radiation, with a particular emphasis on the different physics behind the three
processes. Our analysis indicates that classical light cannot simulate the effect of quantum lithography:
only the peculiar nature of entangled two-photon systems can improve the resolution of a two-photon
image by a factor of two. Two-photon diffraction is, in fact, radically different from the diffraction of
two independent photons and yields a different spatial resolution: the entangled pair stops in the im-
age plane within a spot twice narrower than the one obtained in classical imaging at the same wavelength.

D’ARRIGO Antonio Talk: Tue 15:40 A

Quantum Capacity of a dephasing channel with memory

A. D’Arrigo, G. Benenti, G. Falci

MATIS-INFM, DFMCI-Universita degli Studi di Catania, CNISM, CNR-INFM and Center fo
Nonlinear and Complex Systems Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, INFN Sezione di Milano

Quantum channels with memory are the natural theoretical framework for the study of any quan-
tum communication system suffering from noise with correlation times longer that the time between
consecutive uses. We show that the amount of coherent quantum information that can be reliably trans-
mitted down a memory dephasing channel - a model relevant for systems in which relaxation is much
slower than dephasing- is maximized by separable input states. In particular, we model the channel as
a Markov chain or a multimode environment of oscillators. While in the first model the maximization
is achieved for the maximally mixed input state, in the latter it is convenient to exploit the presence
of a decoherence-protected subspace generated by memory effects. We explicitly compute the quantum
channel capacity for the first model while numerical simulations suggest a lower bound for the latter. In
both cases memory effects enhance the coherent information.
34

DAVIDOVIČ Milena Talk: Fri 12:10 B

Should particle trajectories comply with transverse momentum distribution?

Milena Davidović 1 , Dušan Arsenović 2 , Mirjana Božić 2 , Angel S. Sanz 3 and Salvador Miret-Artes 3
1
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia
2
Institute of Physics, Belgrade, Serbia
3
Instituto de Matematicas y Fisica Fundamental, Madrid, Spain

Quantum interference experiments with beams of one per one particle have intensified theoretical
search of the forms of particle trajectories behind an interference grating [1-5]. The aim of all approaches
is to get consistency between quantum mechanical particle distribution and the distribution associated
with particle’s trajectories. In this paper we compare the features of Feynmann’s paths, the de Broglie-
Bohm’s (BB) trajectories and of trajectories determined using momentum distribution (MD trajectories)
associated with a particle wave function. The BB trajectories reproduce perfectly quantum mechanical
distribution in the far field as well as in the near field [1,3,5]. The consistency of the set of BB trajectories
in the near field behind a multiple slit grating with Talbot effect is remarkable [5]. We investigate in
this paper consistency of BB trajectories with transverse momentum distribution associated with particle
wave function. We find that there is the consistency in the far field. In the near field the distribution of
transverse momenta associated with BB trajectories change with the distance from a grating. Essential
feature of BB deterministic trajectories is that particle passing through different slits may not reach the
same point at the screen [1]. But, MD trajectories from different slits may reach the same point on
the screen [2,4]. This property is a consequence of contextuality in addition of probabilities in QM [2].
Momenta of particles moving along MD trajectories are distributed in accordance to the momentum dis-
tribution determined by the particle wave function. MD trajectories reproduce well quantum mechanical
space distribution in the far field. It seems that better agreement of MD trajectories in the near field
could be obtained by combining peaces of various BB trajectories [5], understood as lines of a quantum
mechanical current.
[1] R. Guantes, A.S. Sanz, J. Margalef-Roig and S. Miret-Artes, Surf. Scie. Rep. 53 (2004) 199.
[2] D. Arsenovič, M. Božič and L. Vukovič, J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclassical Opt. 4 (2002) S358.
[3] M. Gondran and A. Gondran, Am. J. Phys. 73 (2005) 507.
[4] M. Božič and D. Arsenovič, Acta Physica Hungarica B 26/1-2 (2006) 219.
[5] A.S. Sanz and S. Miret-Artes, arXiv.quant-ph/0702224 (2007).

DAVIDOVIĆ Dragomir Talk: Tue 11:40 B

Scaling invariance of the Husimi distributions - possible physical implications

Dragomir M. Davidović 1 and Milena D. Davidović 2

1
Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
2
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia

A rigorous proof is given that, after scaling with a parameter smaller than unity and corresponding
renormalization, any Husimi distribution remains in the class of Husimi distributions. It is also shown
that no other quasidistribution from the Cohens class has this property. Purely mathematical scaling
transformation is related to a concrete physical processing of the quantum state, namely, it is shown that
this transformation may be physically interpreted as the Glauber most quiet phase insensitive amplifica-
tion of the initial quantum state. So, Glauber amplification process [1] may be considered as one possible
concrete model for decoherence of a quantum state, but of course not the unique model. It is shown that
with decreasing of the scaling parameter, the initial quantum state becomes more and more close to the
quantum state which behaves classically, in the sense as defined earlier in [2]. The possibility to relate
the value of the scaling parameter and its magnitude with the closeness of state to classical state, is also
discussed.
[1] R. Glauber Ann.NY Acad.Sci. 480 (1987) 115
[2] D.M.Davidovic and D.Lalovic J.Phys.A:Math.Gen. 31 (1998) 2281
 35

DE GUISE Hubert Talk: Mon 18:00 A

Picturing the Wigner function of angular momentum intelligent states

Hubert de Guise and Ryan Vilim

Department of Physics, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1 Canada

We present a pictorial survey of Wigner functions on the sphere for angular momentum intelligent
states.

DE SIENA Silvio Talk: Tue 15:00 A

Study of quantum correlations in nonclassical entangled states

F. Dell’Anno, S. De Siena, F. Illuminati

Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Università di Salerno

We study the entanglement properties, and their role in the framework of Quantum Information, of
some nonclassical states associated both to continuous and to discrete variables.

DEGIOVANNI Ivo Pietro Poster

Separability and Ghost Imaging in Multimode-Thermal-Seeded
Parametric-Down-Conversion

I. P. Degiovanni,1 M. Bondani,2 M. G. A. Paris,3 E. Puddu,4 A. Andreoni4

1
Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Torino, Italy
2
National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science (U.L.T.R.A.S.)-C.N.R.-I.N.F.M.,
Como, Italy
3
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
4
Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria and Consorzio Nazionale
Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia (C.N.I.S.M.)-C.N.R.-I.N.F.M., Via Valleggio, 11
- 22100 Como, Italy

Ghost imaging consists in the capability of retrieving an object transmittance pattern by the evalua-
tion of a fourth-order correlation function at the detection planes of a light field which has never interacted
with the object and a correlated one that passed through the object [1]. A general ghost-imaging scheme
involves a source of correlated bipartite field and two propagation arms usually called Test (T) and Ref-
erence (R). In the T-arm, where the object is inserted, a bucket (or a pointlike) detector measures the
total light transmitted by it. The R-arm contains an optical setup suitable for reconstructing the image
of the object and a position-sensitive detector. Nowadays it is ascertained that ghost imaging can be
performed with light in bipartite states both inseparable, such as those from spontaneous parametric
down-conversion (PDC) [1], and separable, such as those from a multi-mode pseudo-thermal (MMPT)
source divided by a beam-splitter [2, 3, 4]. Several papers discuss analogies and differences between the
two cases, for instance in terms of achievable visibility and optics of the imaging configuration [5,6,7]. In
particular several authors claim that the fulfilment of the Klyshkos thin-lens equation, which is necessary
for systems utilizing spontaneous PDC, is a clear signature of the quantum (entangled) nature of the light
source [6, 8, 9]. Here we demonstrate that PDC seeded with two MMPT fields generates a bipartite cor-
related state, whose separability properties can be controlled by changing the seed intensities [10]. This
kind of light allows ghost-image reconstruction with the same optical setup as that of systems exploiting
spontaneous PDC, thus obeying the thin-lens equation. Actually we already demonstrated that such a
setup works with the inseparable state generated by PDC seeded with a single MMPT field [11].
[1] T. B. Pittman, et al., Phys. Rev. A 52, R3429 (1995)
[2] A. Valencia, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 063601 (2005).
[3] D. Zhang, et al., Opt. Lett. 30, 2354 (2005).
[4] F. Ferri, et al., Phys. Rev.Lett. 94, 183602 (2005).
[5] A. Gatti, et al., Phys. Rev.Lett. 93, 093602 (2004).
36

[6] De-Zhong Cao, et al., Phys. Rev. A 71, 013801 (2005).

[7] M. DAngelo, et al., Phys. Rev. A 72, 013810 (2005).
[8] Y. Cai, et al., Opt. Lett. 29, 2716 (2004).
[9] Y. Cai, et al., Phys. Rev. E 71, 056607 (2005).
[10] I.P. Degiovanni, in preparation
[11] E. Puddu, et al., Opt. Lett., in press.

DI PIAZZA Antonino Talk: Tue 12:00 A

Nonlinear interaction of strong laser fields in vacuum

A. Di Piazza, K. Z. Hatsagortsyan, and C. H. Keitel

Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics

Quantum electrodynamics predicts that electromagnetic fields interact among each other also in vac-
uum. We study the possibility to reveal experimentally this interaction by using soon available laser
fields with intensities of order of 1024 -1025 W/cm2 . In particular, we show that by making to collide
two ultrastrong laser pulses then high-order harmonic generation occurs in vacuum. The experimental
feasibility of the related process of light-by-light scattering is also investigated [1]. Finally, the importance
of including the diffraction effects in the description of the nonlinear interaction between two strong laser
pulses in vacuum is pointed out [2].
[1] A. Di Piazza, K. Z. Hatsagortsyan, and C. H. Keitel, Phys. Rev. D 72, 085005 (2005).
[2] A. Di Piazza, K. Z. Hatsagortsyan, and C. H. Keitel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 083603 (2006). See also
hep-ph/0602039.

DIMITRIJEVIĆ Jelena Poster

Width of electromagnetically induced absorption in a Doppler broadened medium

J. Dimitrijević, D. Arsenović, B. M. Jelenković

Institute of physics, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia

We have studied theoretically interaction between the linearly polarized laser light and Zeeman sub-
levels for 2 S1/2 Fg = 2 →2 P3/2 Fe = 3 transition in 87 Rb. We present the behavior of amplitudes and
widths of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA). Calculations were done for Hanle configuration
in Doppler broadened medium by solving optical Bloch equations. The results show maximums for both
amplitudes and widths for laser intensities at 1 − 2 mW/cm2 . Recent experiments [1] agree with our
results. We also show non vanishing EIA amplitude, non-monotonic increase of EIA width and large
changes of shape of Hanle EIA curves with the laser intensity. These features are entirely due to Doppler
broadening.
[1] M. M. Mijailović, J. Dimitrijević, A. J. Krmpot, Z. D. Grujić, B. M. Panić, D. Arsenović, D. V.
Pantelić, B. M. Jelenković, Opt. Exp. 15, 1328 (2007).

DUSEK Miloslav Talk: Mon 12:00 A

Various experimental realizations of symmetric and asymmetric phase-covariant
quantum cloners

M. Dusek, L. Bartuskova, A. Cernoch, J. Soubusta, J. Fiurasek, M. Jezek

Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 772 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Physics of Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 17. listopadu 50A, 779 07 Olomouc, Czech Republic

We compare several optical implementations of phase covariant 1 → 2 cloning machines for equatorial
states of a qubit. In the first set of experiments qubits were represented by polarizations of photons cre-
ated in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The probabilistic cloning operation was
based on the use of a beam splitter with different splitting ratios for vertical and horizontal polarization
 37

components. In one implementation this beam splitter was emulated by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer
in the other one we used a custom-made dielectric beam splitter. We also implemented a cloner based
on the state filtering. It used a balanced beam splitter followed by glass plates introducing polarization
dependent losses. In the second set of experiments the state of each qubit was encoded into a single
photon which could propagate through two spatial modes (fibers). Realization of cloning transformation
utilized a fiber interferometric setup with variable ratio couplers.

FACCHI Paolo Talk: Sun 11:20 A

Master equation and initial factorization

P. Facchi, G. Kimura, H. Nakazato, I. Ohba, S. Pascazio, S. Tasaki and K. Yuasa,

Università di Bari, Waseda University Tokyo

We analyze the dynamics of a quantum mechanical system in interaction with a reservoir when the
initial state is not factorized. In the weak-coupling (van Hove) limit, the dynamics can be properly
described in terms of a master equation, but a consistent application of NakajimaZwanzigs projection
method requires that the reference (not necessarily equilibrium) state of the reservoir be endowed with
the mixing property.

FERMANI Rachele Talk: Sat 12:00 B

On the feasibility of studying vortex noise in 2D superconductors with cold atoms

Stefan Scheel, Rachele Fermani, and E.A. Hinds

Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory

We investigate the feasibility of using ultracold neutral atoms trapped near a thin superconductor
to study vortex noise close to the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Berezinskii transition temperature. Alkali atoms
such as rubidium probe the magnetic field produced by the vortices. We show that the relaxation time
T1 of the Zeeman sublevel populations can be conveniently adjusted to provide long observation times.
We also show that the transverse relaxation times T2 for Zeeman coherences are ideal for studying the
vortex noise. We briefly consider the motion of atom clouds held close to the surface as a method for
monitoring the vortex motion.

FERRARO Elena Talk: Sat 11:20 A

A criterion for entanglement in two two-level systems

E. Ferraro, A. Napoli, A. Messina

Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche ed Astronomiche, Università di Palermo, via Archirafi 36, 90123
Palermo, Italy

To establish whether a multipartite system exhibits entanglement is surely a basic task in the con-
text of many physical contexts. In principle after reconstructing the quantum state we can apply some
separability criteria even if it would be highly desirable to have at disposal criteria to verify the presence
of quantum correlations on the basis of measurements of few physical observables. Focusing our atten-
tion on two two-level systems, we demonstrate the possibility to infer the presence of entanglement by
verifying simple conditions involving few physical observables easily measurable in laboratory. More in
detail we prove the existence of a necessary and sufficient condition for entanglement, simple enough to
be of experimental interest. Our results are finally exploited in the context of a specific physical system,
namely a spin star system, in order to analyzing its entanglement evolution.
38

FILIPP Stefan Talk: Fri 18:00 B

Ultra Cold Neutrons and the Stability of the Geometric Phase

Stefan Filipp
Atominstitut, TU Wien

In recent years there has been broad interest in the concept of the geometric phase. This phase is a
property of the geometry of the state space of a quantum system only. Theoretical investigations show
that due to this fact the geometric phase is more resilient to certain types of noise spoiling the ideal
evolution of the system than the dynamical phase which depends explicitly on the evolution time and
the energy. Due to their weak environmental coupling and their intrinsic spin-1/2 structure neutrons
are particularly suited for fundamental tests of quantum mechnanics. In particular, trapped ultra-cold
neutrons can be used for the experimental verification of the robustness of the geometric phase.

FIORDILINO Emilio Poster

H2+ harmonic spectra as a tool to study the nuclear motion

G. Castiglia, P.P. Corso, R. Daniele, E. Fiordilino, F. Morales, G. Orlando and F. Persico

CNISM and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche ed Astronomiche and Dipartimento di Fisica e Tecnologie
Relative

The high harmonic generation spectra emitted by hydrogen molecular ion H2+ , in the presence of an
intense radiation field, are a good tool for investigating the nuclei dynamics. We study the dynamics
of the simple onedimensional molecular ion using a full quantum approach, which means we assume as
quantum degrees of freedom for the system both electron and internuclear distance coordinates. Under
these assumptions, the motion of the electron cloud stimulates molecular vibrations. Such vibrations are
responsible for the presence of sidebands around odd harmonics of the emitted spectra, whose spacing
is directly related to period of nuclei vibrations. Such a result is in good agreement with analogous
results previously obtained with a semiclassical model. These features points toward the possibility to
investigate the dynamics of the system trhough the observation of the emitted radiation.

FLORIO Giuseppe Talk: Mon 11:40 B

Multipartite entanglement characterization of a quantum phase transition via
probability density function

G. Florio, P. Facchi, G. Costantini, S. Pascazio

Università di Bari and INFN Sezione di Bari

A probability density characterization of multipartite entanglement is introduced and tested on sev-

eral classes of states and on the one-dimensional quantum Ising model in a transverse field. The average
and second moment of the probability distribution are numerically shown to be good indicators of the
quantum phase transition. We comment on multipartite entanglement generation at a quantum phase
transition.
 39

GENES Claudiu Talk: Sun 11:20 B

Quantum effects in optomechanical systems

Claudiu Genes, Paolo Tombesi, David Vitali

Università di Camerino

Optomechanical systems such as the one formed by a quantized cavity field and a moving end-mirror,
or a free space classical laser field scattered off an oscillating mirror are investigated with the purpose
of performing ground state cooling and quantum information exchange among mechanical and optical
modes. In the field of cooling, the cold damping technique, a feedback induced cooling method is com-
pared to the cavity-detuning-induced method and similar limitations are found. With the purpose of
producing optomechanical entanglement, a regime in which sidebands of a free or cavity trapped field
are produced, during the interaction with the moving mirror, is analyzed. In the free space setup, steady
state sideband entanglement that survives the destructive action of the brownian noise is found, while the
cavity case presents an interesting ‘self-pulsing’ behavior where strong coupling between sidebands and
the mirror can be achieved. In the limit of large cavity length, some conclusions apply to the LIGO setup.

GENET Cyriaque Talk: Tue 9:30

Casimir in the nanoworld

Cyriaque Genet
Laboratoire des Nanostructures (CNRS, ULP), Strasbourg

Casimir force is an important prediction of quantum field theory. The associated attraction between
objects scattering vacuum field fluctuations is signifcant for scatterers at sub-micronic distances. It thus
plays a key role in nano-machines integrating mechanical elements.

GHIU Iulia Talk: Mon 11:20 B

Probabilistic implementation of a two-output quantum processor for quDits

Iulia Ghiu 1 and Gunnar Bjork 2

1
University of Bucharest, Romania,
2
Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Kista, Sweden

We propose two different implementations of an asymmetric two-output probabilistic quantum pro-

cessor, which can implement a restricted set of one-qubit operations. One of them is constructed by
combining asymmetric telecloning with a quantum gate array. The schemes require only local operations
and classical communication, presenting the advantage of transmitting the two output states directly to
two spacially separated receivers. Further we generalize the two schemes for D-dimensional systems.

GIORGI Gian Luca Talk: Sat 17:40 B

Bose-Einstein Condensation in coupled photon systems

Ferdinando de Pasquale, Gian Luca Giorgi, Simone Paganelli

Università La Sapienza,CNR-INFM Centro di Meccanica Statistica e Complessità, Università dell’Aquila

Bose-Einstein condenstates in restricted geometries are currently considered as macroscopic quantum

systems suitable for quantum information processing. We show that two coupled photon systems exhibit,
under realistic conditions, the same properties of BEC systems. Under particular condition the vacuum
state is unstable with respect to a perturbation (symmetry-breaking field) which can be associated to a
fixed classical current. The new ground state exhibits BEC and squeezing. In the new ground state, as
a result of squeezing, the systems are entangled. We study the statistical correlation of the two system
both in the steady state and in the quantum oscillation regime as a function of the symmetry-breaking
40

field. Peculiarities of a vanishing small symmetry-breaking field limit (Goldstone theorem) are discussed.
A comparison with a different model of photon superfluid is carried out.

GLADUSH Yuriy Poster

Wave pattern generated in a stationary flow of Bose-Einstein condensate past an
obstacle

Yu.G. Gladush, G.A. El, A. Gammal, A.M. Kamchatnov

Institute of Spectroscopy of Russian Academy of Sciences

In framework of Gross-Pitaevskii mean-field approximation we investigate a supersonic flow of Bose-

Einstein condensate past obstacle generated by a laser beam. It is shown that occurring wave pattern
consists of two regions – one filled in by nonlinear wave inside Mach cone and another one outside the
Mach cone where linear “ship waves” propagate. The developed analytical theory is confirmed by nu-
merical simulations.

GLADUSH Maxim Poster

Emission spectra and intrinsic optical bistability in a dense two-level medium

M.G. Gladush, Vl.K. Roerich, A.A. Panteleev

State research center of Russian Federation, Troitsk Institute for Innovation and Fusion Research

Scattering of resonant radiation in dense two-level media is studied theoretically with account for lo-
cal field effects and collective relaxation. Complex intrinsic optical bistability is considered as switching
between different spectral patterns of fluorescent light controlled by intensity of the pump field. Response
spectra are calculated for the hysteresis loop of atomic excitation. The spectral triplets are shown to
have density-dependent line shifts and redistribution of intensities between the central and side compo-
nents. The equations to describe the non-linear interaction of an atomic ensemble with light are derived
from the Bogolubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy for reduced single particle density matrices of
atoms and quantized field modes and their correlation operators. The equation for spectral intensity of
scattered light with separated coherent and incoherent constituents is obtained straightforwardly within
the hierarchy. The analytical expressions for the steady-state spectra are given for the critical regions of
the bistable response.

GLUSHKOV Alexander Poster

Modelling a populations differences dynamics of the resonant levels of atoms in a
non-rectangular form laser pulse: New manifestation of the optical bistability
effect

A. Glushkov
Odessa University

Present paper has for an object (i) to simulate numerically a temporal dynamics of populations’
differences at the resonant levels of atoms in a large-density medium in a nonrectangular form laser pulse
and (ii) to determine possibilities that features of the effect of internal optical bistability at the adiabat-
ically slow modification of effective filed intensity appear in the sought dynamics. It is known that the
dipole-dipole interaction of atoms in dense resonant mediums causes the internal optical bistability at
the adiabatically slow modification of radiation intensity [1-4]. The experimental discovery of bistable
cooperative luminescence in some matters, in crystal of Cs3Y2Br9Yb3+ particularly, showed that an
ensemble of resonant atoms with high density can manifest the effect of optical bistability in the field
of strong laser emis-sion [1]. The Z-shaped effect is actually caused by the first-type phase transfer.
Most attractive potentialities of sought effect are associated with the development of new system for
op-tical information processing as well as with the creation of optical digital and analog processors. The
 41

creation of optical computer with an optical radiation as the data carrier excludes the necessity in the
multiple transformation of electric energy into optical one and vice-versa. This consequently leads to
the energy saving and abrupt increase of computer speed. The progress in the stated areas is especially
defined by the creation of optical ele-ments for the computer facilities on basis of optical bistability phe-
nomenon [1]. On basis of the modified Bloch equations, we simulate numerically a temporal dynamics
of populations’ differences at the resonant levels of atoms in the field of pulse with the nonrectangular
ch-1t form. Furthermore, we compare our outcomes with the results [3], where there are considered the
interaction between the ensemble of high- density atoms and the rectangularly- and sinusoidally-shaped
pulses. The modified Bloch equations describe the interaction of resonance radiation with the ensemble of
two-layer atoms taking into account the dipole-dipole interaction of atoms. A fundamental aspect lies in
the advanced possibility that features of the effect of internal optical bistability at the adiabatically slow
modification of effective filed intensity for pulse of ch(-1)t form, in contrast to the pulses of rectangular
form, appear in the temporal dynamics of populations’ differences at the resonant levels of atoms. We use
the modified Bloch equations, which describes the interaction of resonance radiation with the en-semble
of two-layer atoms subject to dipole-dipole interaction of atoms. We carried out the numerical modeling
using the program complex “Superatom”[2,3]. The temporal dynamics for the popula-tions’ (n = N1
- N2 ; the populations’ differences at the resonant levels) differences at the resonant levels of atoms in
a nonrectangular form 1/ch pulse field has been studied. In the numerical experiment t varies within
0<t/T1<Tp/T1 and Tp is equal to 101 ( T1 is the lon-gitudinal relaxation time). It is shown that on
the assumption of b> 4 and b > —d— (b ∼m**2 N T2/2h is the constant of dipole-dipole interaction, d
= T2(w - w21) is the offset of the frequency w of effective field from the frequency of resonance transition
w21; N is the density of resonance atoms, m is the dipole moment of transition) with d < 0 (the long-
wavelength offset of incident light frequency is less than Lorenz frequency wL = b/T2) and if the intensity
of light field has certain value I then there are three epositive stationary states n (two from them with
maximal and minimal value of n are at that stable). This can be considered as evidence and manifestation
condition of the internal optical bistability effect in the system. We present the results of our numeri-
cal modeling the temporal dynamics of populations’ differences at the resonant levels of atoms for the
nonrectangular, rectangular- and sinusoidal shaped pulses. The increase of field intensity above certain
value I = 2.5 for selected parameters leads to the abrupt increase of populations’ differences. This fact
represents the Z-shaped pattern of dependence n(I) observed in the stationary mode. It is important to
note that there is the significant difference between the model results for the pulses of various forms. For
given values of rectanularly-shaped pulse intensity, which is equal to several values of T1, the dependence
n(t) tends to stationary state with magnitude defined by zero values of the Bloch eqs.right-hand terms).
For the sinusoidally-shaped pulse, the slow rise of intensity is typical, and the explicit hysteresis pattern
for the dependence of populations’ differences from the field intensity is obtained. For the nonrentagular
pulse the sought effect looks more ex-plicitly. This is especially important from the standpoint of using
the sought effect to simulate efficient neural networks and their components. Substantial fact also is
the implementation of hysteresis in the dependence of populationsd́ifferences from the field intensity if a
threshold values for b and d<0 have a place. This corresponds to the situation when the frequency of
radiation w is within the range, which is formed by the proper frequency w21 and a frequency with the
local-field correction w21*=w21-4pim(**)2 N/3h. Note that if above mentioned fre-quencies are almost
equal or, e.g., a multimode electromagnetic field (chaotic light) is used, a stochastic resonance can be ob-
served in the analyzed system. So, for a case of nonrentagular laser pulse it has been found a strengthen
possibility of manifestation of the internal optical bi-stability effect special features in the temporary
dynamics of populations for the atomic resonant levels under adiabatic slow changing the acting field
intensity in comparison with a case of the rectangular form pulses.
[1] H. M. Gibbs Optical Bistability: Controlling Light with Light. New York: Academic Press, 1985, 471
pp.
[2]. A. V. Glushkov, L. N. Ivanov, Phys. Lett. A. 170, 33 (1992); J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 26,
L379 (1993); A.V.Glushkov, A.Loboda, J.Appl.Spectr. 74, N2 (2007).
[3]. A.V. Glushkov, S.V. Malinovskaya, In: New projects and new lines of research in nuclear physics.
Eds. G.Fazio and F.Hanappe, Singapore : World Scientific, 2003, p.242-250.
[4]. A.Glushkov, O.Yu.Khetselius, Sensor Electr. Microsyst.Techn. 4, 31 (2007).
42

GLUSHKOV Alexander Talk: Mon 18:20 A

Optics and spectroscopy of cooperative laser-electron nuclear processes in atomic,
molecular and cluster systems - new trend in quantum optics

A. Glushkov, S.Malinovskaya
Odessa University

A new class of problems has been arisen in quantum optics and connected with modelling the co-
operative laser-electron-nuclear phenomena in the atomic, molecular and cluster systems in a presence
of super intense laser field. It includes a calculation of the probabilities and energies of the mixed
gamma-optical quantum transitions in atomic, molecular, cluster systems, intensities of the complicated
gamma-transitions due to the changing of the atomic excited states population due to an action of laser
radiation, quantum mechanical calculation of the complex “laser-electron-nuclear” systems [1-3]. The nu-
clear emission or absorption spectrum of the atomic system possesses a set of electron satellites, which are
due to an alteration of the state of electron shell. The mechanism of forming satellites in different systems
(neutral atom, highly charged ion) is different. In the first case (loose electron shell) a shaking of the shell
resulting from the interaction between the nucleus and g quantum is predominant. In the second case
(rigid electron shell) the mechanism involves a direct interaction between gamma quantum and electrons.
The second mechanism is important in the case of dipole nuclear transitions and dominates at g quantum
energies <4 z keV (z is effective nuclear charge). The traditional selection rules and familiar intensity
hierarchy with respect to electron transition multiplicity do not pertain to the second mechanism. So,
the satellite spectrum is much enriched and transitions between the fine and hyper fine structure compo-
nents, 0-0 transitions and transitions, which do not involve a change in the electron configuration, can be
considered. We at first develop a new, consistent, QED approach to calculation of the electron-nuclear
gamma transition spectra (set of vibration satellites in molecule) of nucleus in atomic system, based on
the relativistic multielectron formalism and energy approach (S-matrix formalism of Gell-Mann and Low)
[2,3]. Within an energy QED approach with QED scattering matrix, a decay probability is presented as
an imaginary part of the energy shift. The intensities of satellites are linked with imaginary part of the
nucleons-electron shells-electromagnetic field system. For radiative decays it is manifested as effect of
the retarding in interaction and self-action. In the second QED PT order a full width of level is divided
into the sum of the partial contributions, connected with the radiation decay into definite final states of
system. These contributions are proportional to the probabilities of the corresponding transitions. The
system of red (blue) satellites corresponds to the transitions with excitation (de-excitation) of the electron
shell. As example, the nuclear transition in the isotope (57)Fe with energy 14,41 keV is considered for
O-and F-like ions of Fe [2]. It is shown that the electron-nuclear lines in spectra of emission or absorption
can be experimentally observed in plasma of the O-and F-like multicharged ions and it is very impor-
tant that they are not overlpping by the Doppler broadening. Such a situation may be realized in the
thermalized plasma of multicharged ions. Calculation results of the electron-nuclear gamma -transition
spectra of a nucleus in some multiatomic systems are given too. In particular, we present the detailed
studying a spectrum of emission and adsorption of nucleus (127)I (E=203keV) in molecule HI. Estimates
are made for vibration-nuclear transition probabilities for set of molecules: diatomics, 3-atomic XY2
(Dh), 4-atomic XY3(D3h), 5-atomic XY4(Td), 6-atomic XY3Y2 (D3h), 7-atomic XY6(Oh) ones too. We
present the results of studying the electron-nuclear gamma -transition spectra of a nucleus in the carbon,
alkali atoms clusters in neutral form and also single-, double-charged ones. Calculation is carried in the
basis of the density-functional (DF) [1] and relativistic perturbation theory (PT) with the DF zeroth
approximation [3]. Preliminary results are presented for single buckminsterfullerene (C60) system too.
[1]. L.N.Ivanov, V.S.Letokhov, JETP. 93, 83 (1987); L.N.Ivanov, E.P.Ivanova, E.V.Aglitsky, Phys. Rep.
166, 315 (1988); A.V.Glushkov, L.N.Ivanov, Phys.Lett.A. 170,33 (1992);
[2]. A.V. Glushkov and S.V. Malinovskaya, In: New projects and New Lines of Research in Nuclear
Physics, eds. G.Fazio and F.Hanappe (World Pub., Singapore), 2003,p.242-264; Int. J. Quant. Chem.
99, 889 (2004).
[3]. A.V.Glushkov, et al, Int. Journ.Quant.Chem. 99, 936 (2004); 104, 486 (2005); 104, 512 (2005); 105,
562 (2005); J.Phys. CS 178, 199 (2005); 35, 420 (2006); Recent Advances in Theory of Phys. and Chem.
Systems (Springer), Eds. J.Maruani, J.-P.Julien, 15, 286 (2006).
 43

GUZMAN ESTRADA Robert Paul Poster

Two photon generation with trapped ions: spectral properties

R. GUZMAN, J. C. RETAMAL
Universidad de la Frontera

Spectral properties of two photons, generated using trapped ions in a cavity, are studied. Both,
spontaneous emision and cavity losses effects are considere in order to obtain a more realistic description.

HÄRKÖNEN Kari Poster

Quantum control over motional states in time-dependent double-well potentials

K. Härkönen, O. Kärki, and K.-A. Suominen

Department of Physics, University of Turku

A method to selectively move populations between motional states in a double-well potential is pre-
sented and theoretically examined. The tailoring is done by modulating the geometry of the potential
surface in time. The dynamics of the process is interpreted by investigating the energy spectrum of the
corresponding time-dependent eigenstate basis, i.e., the adiabatic basis. The central feature is that the
system undergoes diabatic jumps between eigenstates, as the two energy levels at issue encounter each
other closely enough. Except for these rapid crossings, the evolution is adiabatic. As a conclusion, start-
ing from the motional ground state of one well, the population can be selectively moved to an arbitrary
motional eigenstate of either of the two wells at issue. Our treatment is of general nature and it can have
various implementations ranging from internal dynamics of molecules to motional dynamics of atomic
clouds confined in, e.g., double wells or optical lattices.

HASOVIC Elvedin Poster

Simulation of above-threshold ionization experiments with noble gases using the
strong-field approximation

Elvedin Hasovic and Dejan B. Milosevic

Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Above-threshold ionization (ATI) of atoms by a strong laser field is an interesting nonperturbative

quantum-mechanical phenomenon [1,2]. In this process more photons are absorbed than is necessary for
ionization. Since its discovery in 1979, the interest in ATI has been renewed many times. For example,
in the nineties several novel phenomena including characteristic features in the angular distributions, a
plateau in the electron energy spectra, and resonancelike enhancements of the yield of certain groups of
ATI peaks were discovered. With the development of new laser systems and specially designed detectors,
it became possible to measure two-dimensional electron momentum spectra. Recently performed ATI
experiments with noble gases allow the determination of the complete energy and angular distribution
of the emitted photoelectrons. We have developed a numerical code for the calculation of ATI spectra
in order to achieve a realistic simulation of ATI experiments with the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and
Xe. Our method is based on an improved version of the strong-field approximation and includes focal
averaging [3]. We will present the ATI energy and angular distribution of the emitted photoelectrons.
In particular, we will analyze the effects of channel closings on the high-energy spectra. In this part of
the spectrum we have found two types of enhancements and explained them in terms of constructive
interference of long quantum orbits. The first type develops for not too long orbits and appears in the
form of peaks for laser intensities which are few percentages lower than the channel-closing intensity.
The second type of enhancements develops only for very long quantum orbits and appears exactly at the
closing of particular channels. The position of these enhancements, in the photoelectron energy - laser
intensity plane, shifts to the next channel-closing intensity with the change of the ground-state parity.
[1] W. Becker, F. Grasbon, R. Kopold, D. B. Milosevic, G. G. Paulus, and H. Walther, Adv. At., Mol.,
44

Opt. Phys. 48, 35 (2002).

[2] D. B. Milosevic, G. G. Paulus, D. Bauer, and W. Becker, J. Phys. B 39, R203 (2006).
[3] E. Hasovic, M. Busuladzic, A. Gazibegovic-Busuladzic, D. B. Milosevic, and W. Becker, Laser Phys.
17, 376 (2007).

HENKEL Carsten Poster

Micromaser theory in explicit Lindblad form

Carsten Henkel
Universität Potsdam, Germany

We discuss the laser theory for a single-mode micromaser that is pumped with a dilute stream of
excited two-level atoms. In the weak-coupling regime, an expansion in the coupling strength is developed
that preserves the Lindblad form of the master equation. This expansion breaks rapidly down above
threshold. This can be improved with an alternative approach, not restricted to weak coupling: the
Lindblad operators are expanded in orthogonal polynomials adapted to the probability distribution for
the atom-laser interaction time. We present results for the photon statistics and the laser linewidth and
compare the different approximations.

HRADIL Zdenek Talk: Sat 9:30

Tomography for quantum diagnostics

Z. Hradil, D. Mogilevtsev, J. Rehacek

Palacky University, Olomouc

We show that quantum tomography used for the diagnostics of quantum objects cannot be reduced
merely to finding the state best representing the data. Relevant errors should be quantified as well
by means of the Fisher information matrix. This is illustrated with an example of the diagnostics of
non-classicality in terms of the negativity of the Wigner function at the origin. A proper analysis of
realistic experimental schemes suggests that some earlier claims of obtaining successful reconstructions of
nonclassical states may appear too optimistic. Our resolution measure also provides the necessary tools
for optimization and resolution tuning of tomography schemes.

INTRAVAIA Francesco Talk: Tue 12:20 A

Dissipation and Non-locality in the Casimir Effect

Francesco Intravaia and Carsten Henkel

Universitaet Potsdam, Institut fuer Physik, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany

The Casimir force is one of the most accessible experimental consequences of vacuum fluctuations
in the macroscopic world. It is the most significant force between neutral, non-magnetic objects at dis-
tances between the nanometer and the micrometer. Its study is interesting for both fundamental physics
and technology: this force indeed can be used as contactless force to actuate nano- or micro-mechanical
devices; at the same time it can prevent their correct functioning. During the last years this field has
attracted a lot of attention because the force has been measured with modern experimental techniques,
achieving an accuracy permitting a precise comparison between theory and experiment [1]. Here we will
discuss the Casimir effect between two parallel metallic plates, with emphasis on the role of dissipation
and of a non-local current response [2]. We will show in the case of dissipative materials, the Casimir
energy can be expressed in terms of a sum-over-modes formula which can be interpreted in light of the
theory of a quantum dissipative osciallator [3]. The introduction of non-locality in the theoretical analy-
sis shows an extra contribution to the Casimir force coming the bulk modes living essentially inside the
plates. Both aspects play a role for the finite-temperature correction to the Casimir force on which a
consensus is currently lacking [4].
 45

[1] S. K. Lamoreaux. The casimir force: background, experiments, and applications. Reports on Progress
in Physics, 68(1):201236, 2005.
[2] R. Esquivel-Sirvent, C. Villarreal, W. L. Mochan, A. M. Contreras-Reyes, and V. B. Svetovoy. Spa-
tial dispersion in casimir forces: a brief review. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General,
39(21):63236331, 2006.
[3] K. E. Nagaev and M. Buttiker. Ground-state energy fluctuations of a system coupled to a bath.
Europhys. Lett., 58:475, 2002.
[4] R. Onofrio. Casimir forces and non-newtonian gravitation. New Journal of Physics, 8(10):237, 2006.

ISAR Aurelian Talk: Mon 17:00 B

Quantum fidelity for Gaussian states describing the evolution of open systems

A. Isar
Department of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele,
Romania

In the framework of the theory of open systems based on quantum dynamical semigroups, we study
the quantum fidelity for Gaussian states, which are an important kind of states of continuous variable
systems, intensively applied at present in the field of quantum information processing and communica-
tion. We use the Gaussian states to describe the time evolution of a harmonic oscillator interacting with
an environment, in particular with a thermal bath. Under the influence of the decoherence phenomenon,
which takes place during this interaction, the initial Gaussian pure state, taken of the form of a corre-
lated squeezed state, remains Gaussian, but it becomes mixed. We study the dependence of the quantum
fidelity for these states on the initial squeezing and correlation parameters, dissipation coefficient and
temperature of the bath.

ISKHAKOV Timur Talk: Mon 17:20 A

High-visibility multi-photon interference for classical light

T.Sh.Iskhakov, M.V.Chekhova, I.N.Agafonov

Lomonosov Moscow State University

The classical limit of two-photon interference visibility is 50, but we demonstrate that it is much
higher for multi-photon case. In particular, coherent radiation provides third-order and fourth-order
interference with 81,8% and 94% visibility, respectively.

IVANOV Svetoslav Poster

Transition probabilities and quantum interferences in a coherently driven
three-state system

Svetoslav Ivanov, Nikolay Vitanov

Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski

We calculate the propagator and the transition probabilities for a three-state system, driven coher-
ently by either a constant or a pulse-shaped chirped-frequency field. We assume independent pairwise
Landau-Zener transitions occurring instantly in the relevant avoided crossings and adiabatic evolution
elsewhere for the constant coupling case. Quantum interferences are identified, which occur due to differ-
ent possible evolution paths in Hilbert space between an initial and a final state. For the pulsed-shaped
field we account also for the nonadiabatic coupling (due to the time dependence), which induces nonadia-
batic transitions in two separate regions in the wings of the pulse. These nonadiabatic transitions lead to
interferences in the transition probabilities between the three states, which happen to dominate over the
quantum interferences due to the different paths between the level crossings. We present a detailed com-
parison between the analytical solution and the numerical calculations for three pulse shapes: gaussian,
46

hypergaussian and hyperbolic secant, and define conditions for validity of the analytical solution. These
results can be verified experimentally in ladder climbing in alkali atoms by chirped laser pulses. They can
be also of relevance to transitions between the magnetic sublevels of a J=1 angular-momentum level in
a magnetic field. The results for the three-state system can be generalized, without essential difficulties,
to higher dimensions.

JAKOB Matthias Poster

Dynamics of entangled qubits in a non-Markovian reservoir model

Matthias Jakob
Department of Physics, Sofia University, James Bourchier 5 Boulevard, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria

We study the dynamics of an entangled bipartite qubit system which decays into a non-Markovian
reservoir. The qubits are represented by two-level atoms which allow us to utilize a simple model that
has been recently introduced for the non-Markovian thermalization of a single qubit [1]. This model
leads to an exact non-Markovian master equation of the Nakajima-Zwanzig from and its main advantage
is that the generator of motion forms a completely positive map. This ensures that density operators
are mapped into density operators which is a property that is not in general satisfied in models of non-
Markovian reservoirs [2]. We assume both atoms to be individually coupled to the non-Markovian bath.
Consequently, we can treat their dynamical evolution independently according to the equations derived
from the model of the single qubit thermalization [1]. The bath, therefore, is not able to entangle the
atoms. We numerically study the dynamics of an initially, completely entangled two-atom state in this
model. In addition, we investigate the evolution of the quantitative entanglement measure concurrence
[3] which features interesting effects that are explicitly caused by the non-Markovian reservoir. In par-
ticular, collapses and revivals govern the dynamics of the concurrence of the entangled quantum system.
These collapses and revivals are a strong manifestation of the non-Markovian reservoir. Indeed, they
are explicitly enforced by the memory effects of the non-Markovian reservoir which remembers to some
extent that the system was entangled initially. The revivals may even appear when the reservoir has finite
temperature which induces that concurrence dies out at finite times [4]. In this case extended periods
of time appear where the concurrence is completely vanishing before it partially revive and this recurs
periodically until the concurrence eventually dies out. We finally present a possible realization of this
model which is based on two three-level ions that are trapped in an ion trap.
[1] J. Salo, S. M. Barnett, and S. Stenholm, Opt. Commun. 259, 772 (2006).
[2] S. M. Barnett and S. Stenholm, Phys. Rev. A 64, 033808 (2001).
[3] W. K. Wootters, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2245 (1998).
[4] T. Yu and J. H. Eberly, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 140404 (2004).

JIMÉNEZ HENRÍQUEZ Omar Alejandro Talk: Tue 16:00 A

Experimental scheme for unambiguous discrimination between linearly
independent symmetric states.

O. Jiménez1 , X. Snchez-lozano,2 A. Delgado,1 Ming Yang,3 and C. Saavedra1 .

1
Center for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Departamento de Fı́sica. Universidad de
Concepción. Chile.
2
Instituto de Fı́sica Universidad de Guanajuato. P. O. Box E-143, 37150, Len Gto. México.
3
School of Physics and Material Science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039, Peoples Republic of China.

We propose an experimental setup for the discrimination between four linearly independent nonorthog-
onal symmetric quantum states using linear optics. The theory results agrees with Chefles optimum
boundary published in Phys. Letts A 250-223. This experimental scheme can be systematically extended
for the discrimination between 2n nonorthogonal symmetric quantum states.
 47

JIVULESCU Anastasia Poster

Dynamical localization in 1-D lattices driven by dc-bichromatic electric fields

M.A. Jivulescu,1,2 R. Migliore2

1
Department of Mathematics, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300004, Timisoara, Romania
2
Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche ed Astronomiche, Università di Palermo, via Archirafi 36, 90123
Palermo, Italy

We investigate the dynamical localization conditions of a charged particle moving in one dimensional
(1-D) lattice under the influence of a dc-bichromatic electric field proceeding beyond the nearest-neighbour
description with the help of the quasy-energy description. The analytical formula of the quasi-energy
spectrum is derived; also, it is reported its dependence on a parameter called “the electric matching ratio”
ωB /ω. , where ωB = eE0 a/~ and ω = 2π/T stand for the Bloch and field frequencies.

JOVIC Dragana Poster

Three dimensional time-dependent Gaussian induced rotation of beams in
optically induced periodic fixed photonic lattices

Dragana M. Jovic, Slobodan Prvanovic, Raka D. Jovanovic, and Milan S. Petrovic

Insitute of physics, P. O. Box 57, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia

Time-dependent rotation of counterpropagating mutually incoherent self-trapped Gaussian beams in

periodic optically induced fixed photonic lattices is investigated numerically. For some values of control
parameters rotation occurs. The solitonic solutions are found using modified Petviashvili’s method for
parameters of such rotation. It is shown that they correspond to the lowest values of propagation constant
in the power diagrams and relation between observed rotation and less confined discrete solitonic solu-
tions are demonstrated. The parameters characterizing these solitonic solutions, derived for the steady
state of governing equations, are those for which Gaussian induced time-dependent rotation occurs.

KÄRKI Ollijuhani Poster

Tailoring motional states of strongly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates by
means of time-dependent double-well potentials

O. Kärki and K.-A. Suominen

University of Turku, Department of Physics

We have previously proposed a method in order to tailor the populations of motional quantum states
in an efficient way [1]. It is based on time-dependent double-well potentials and one-component descrip-
tion. In this method, the time-dependence and the whole origin of the double-well potential originates
from a three-component system. However, the method in question was designed only for noninteracting
systems. As a consequence, it can be successfully applied to weakly interacting systems only. When
interactions become strong enough, this method fails. Now we are studying the possibility to generalize
this method so that it could be successfully applied to strongly interacting systems. As a specific ex-
ample, we are interested in strongly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates. Furthermore, we are anxious
to know the reasons causing the failure of the previous method. In the absence of interactions, the pre-
vious method could be applied with considerable freedom of choice of suitable parameters. In the case
of strongly interacting systems, suitable parameter values become much more important. Therefore, we
have made a scanning of parameter values, and to each parameter set we have calculated a correspond-
ing time-evolution. In addition, when considering noninteracting systems there is very little difference
between the behaviours of 1D and 2D systems. However, when interactions are significant there is a
remarkable difference between the behaviours of 1D and 2D systems.
[1] K.Hrknen, O.Krki and K.-A. Suominen, Phys.Rev. A 74, 043404 (2006)
48

KHETSELIUS Olga Poster

Atomic stabilization and generation of ultra-short VUV and X-ray pulses in
atomic and cluster systems in a strong laser field

O.Khetselius
Odessa University

An effective approach to adequate treating and sensing a spectral hierarchy and dynamical stabili-
sation in atomic systems in the intense laser field is considered and based on relativistic operator per-
turbation theory [1], time-dependent complex rotation method (for atomic systems) and non-Hermitian
Floquet formalism (for molecular systems). The stabilization of helium (study of the 2D two-electron
atom) in intense high-frequency laser pulses is modelled within the relativistic scheme. It has been carried
out modeling generation of the atto-second VUV and X-ray pulses under ionization of atomic (molecular)
system by femto-second optical pulse. We present the original results of modeling generation of the atto-
second VUV and X-ray pulses under ionization of cluster system in a strong field of laser radiation and
predicting the effective regime of generation. We carried out the non-relativistic anr relativistic calcula-
tuin of the stabilization effect for helium (study of the 2D two-electron atom) in intense high-frequency
laser pulses. The non-relativistic and relativistic studying of the system gives in fact the same results. For
the numerical integrations, we have chosen grids with equidistant spacing of 0.2 au and total sizes ranging
between 409.6 and 512.0 au in each spatial dimension; these parameters have been chosen to ensure that
the wavepackets can evolve without boundary problems in position space while their maximal momenta
are resolved. The ionization probability of the outer electron in dependence of the peak laser electric-
field amplitude is calculated; the laser pulses of four optical cycles linear turn-on and four cycles constant
intensity of frequency w=1a.u. have been employed. Calculation shows the typical features of stabiliza-
tion: after a rise in ionization probability with increasing laser peak intensity, ionization is suppressed
for a certain intensity regime; after this region of stabilization, the ionization probability rises again with
increasing intensity, as expected due to the Lorentz force. At high laser intensities with electron-electron
repulsion, the probability for ionization is higher for the outer electron, while at a laser electric field
around Eo=5,3au a substantially larger fraction of the inner electron wavefunction ionizes. The largest
degree of stabilization is not at the same intensity for both electrons;theouter electron stabilizes best at
Eo=8 au,the inner at Eo=10 au maximal electric-field strength. Regarding the role of ionic core, tight
binding to the nucleus disturbs the regular motion of the electrons in the laser field. Thus higher laser
intensities are necessary for optimal stabilization for the inner electron compared to outer one. Further
we present the original results of modelling and predicting the generation of the atto-second VUV and
X-ray pulses under ionization of the cluster system N10 in a intense laser field [4]. In ref. [2] the results
of our modelling the generation of the atto-second VUV and X-ray pulses under ionization of the cluster
system molecular system 2D H2+ by femto-second optical pulse have been presented. We have studied
in details the cluster Na10 response, the molecular H2+ response for different internuclear distances 2.5,
3.5, 7.4, 16a.u. (comparison carried out with other calculations [2]) with smoothed Coulomb potential
and atomic (H) response (spectral dependence) under ionization of the system by femto-second optical
pulse.Our calculation shows that the generation of the atto-second pulses in the cluster system is more
effective and profitable (as minimum the 2-3 orders) than in similar molecular atomic one. Correspond-
ingly, we confirmed that the generation of the atto-second pulses in molecular system is more profitable
too (as minimum the 1-2 orders) than in similar atomic one. Corresponding spectral dependences of
atomic (atom of H) response is also presented.. Last experimental achievements in field of generating
high harmonics of optical radiation during atomic ionization by powerful femtosecond laser pulses demon-
strated a possibility of construction of the compact sources of VUV radiation.
[1] Glushkov A.V., Ivanov L.N., J.Phys.B. 26, 379 (1993); Glushkov A.V., et al, Int.Journ.Quant.Chem.
99, 936 (2004); 104, 562 (2005).
[2] Emelin M.Yu., Ryabikin M.Yu., Sergeev A.M. et al, JETP Lett. 77, 254 (2003); Fomichev S.V.,
Zaretsky D.F., Bauer D., Becker W., Phys.Rev. A.71, 013201 (2005).
[3] Glushkov A.V., Khetselius o.Yu., Recent Advances in theory of Phys, and Chem. Systems (Springer)
15, 285 (2006); Khetselius O.Yu., Photoelectronics, 15 131 (2006); Sensor Electr. Microsyst. Techn. 4,
21 (2007).
 49

KIMURA Gen Poster

How to estimate a correlation from partial information for quantum mechanical
systems

Gen Kimura
Division of Mathematics, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University

The problem to estimate a possible correlation between the system of interest and an environment
only from the measurements of the sub system will be investigated. We show a general method for this
purpose in any quantum mechanical systems.

KLIMOV Andrei Talk: Sat 12:20 A

Discrete phase-space structure and MUB tomography

Andrei Klimov
Universidad de Guadalajara

Tomographic procedure using Mutually Unbiased Bases offers several advantages with respect to the
standard quantum state tomography of finite systems. Nevertheless, the main shortcut of such approach
consists in using non-local operations (CNOT gates). In this respect the most appropriate MUB tomogra-
phy scheme involves the smallest number of non-local gates, which leads to the problem of classification
of non-isomorphic set of MUBs. In the standard approach the MUBs are associated with rays in the
finite phase space. We show that the admissible MUBs for the N-quibit case are related to the bundles of
Abelian commutative non-singular curves and develop a new method of MUBs construction based on the
analysis of geometrical structures in the finite phase-space. In the case of N quibits there exist several
classes of curve bundles with different properties, lines being a special case. We also consider transforma-
tions between different kinds of curves, and show that in the two-qubit case, they all correspond to local
transformations, and more specifically they correspond to rotations around the Bloch-sphere principal
axes. Nevertheless, in the case of more that two quibits several non isomorphic structures appear, which
can be naturally classified in terms of discrete curves bundles. The existence and a possibility of regular
searching of non isomorphic MUBs allows us to introduce a concept of complexity of tomographic scheme
for state determination of a multy-quibit systems and determine the optimal for tomographic purposes
set of MUBs.

KOROLI Vlad Poster

Exact periodicity of the squeezing oscillations in a microcavity

V. I. Koroli and V. Zalamaiv

Institute of Applied Physics of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova

We investigate the interaction between the equidistant three-level radiator and the single-mode elec-
tromagnetic field. The dipole moment matrix transition elements between the adjacent atomic levels d12
and d23 are assumed to be different. This problem generalizes the model of the pair of indistinguishable
two-level atoms examined by Koroli 2007 which is equivalent to the equidistant three-level atom with
equal dipole moment matrix transition elements between the adjacent levels. The intensity-dependent
coupling is assumed between the three-level atom and the radiation field. In this situation we suppose
that at the initial moment the field is in the Holstein-Primakoff SU(1,1) coherent state and obtain the
exact analytical solution for the state-vector of the atom-field system. The quantum-statistical and
squeezing properties of the field are investigated. The obtained results are compared with those for the
single two-level atom model obtained by Vladimir Buzek 1989. We observe that the exact periodicity of
the squeezing revivals that was observed in the case of the single two-level atom is violated in the model
involving the equidistant three-level radiator with different dipole moment matrix transition elements.
In the other words, the exact periodicity of the physical quantities can be destroyed only if the radiation
field interacts with a system of more than one two-level atom. The two limiting cases of interest are
50

considered. In the first case when d12 tends to the d23 the quantum-statistical properties are similar
with those for the pair of indistinguishable two-level atoms. In the second one in which the dipole mo-
ment matrix transition element d12 tends to zero value takes place the exact periodicity of the squeezing
oscillations. This limiting case is equivalent to the system of the single two-level atom.
Koroli V I 2007 International Journal for Quantum Information 8 pages. Buzek V 1989 Phys. Rev. A,
V.39, 3196.

KRAMO Aida Poster

Above-threshold detachment of electrons from negative ions by a two-color
bicircular laser field

A. Kramo,1,2 E. Hasovic, 2 D. B. Milosevic,2,3 and W. Becker 3

1
Federal Direction of Civil Aviation
2
Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
3
Max-Born-Institut, Berlin

We present numerical results for the above-threshold detachment of electrons from negative ions by
a bicircular laser field [1]. The results are obtained within the strong-field approximation. Our bicircular
field consists of two counter-rotating circularly polarized fields with angular frequencies equal to r and
s times the fundamental laser frequency (r and s are integers). The energy and angle resolved spectra
of the detached electron are invariant with respect to a rotation by the angle 360/(r+s) degrees. The
results obtained are explained in terms of the interference of contributions to the T-matrix element from
different complex solutions of the saddle-point equation.
[1] A. Kramo, E. Hasovic, D. B. Milosevic, and W. Becker, Laser Phys. Lett. 4, 279 (2007).

KUMAR Rakesh Talk: Tue 16:00 B

Antibunching of light in interaction of two two-level atoms with a single mode
coherent radiation

Hari Prakash and Rakesh Kumar

Deartment of Physics, Udai Prtap Autonomous College, Varanasi-221 002 (U. P.), INDIA

In the present paper, we consider interaction of a single mode radiation initially in a coherent
state with an assembly of two two-level atoms in some different states using the Hamiltonian, H =
w(a† a + Sz ) + g(aS+ + a† S− ) in the natural units, where a+ and a are creation and annihilation oper-
ators for radiation, Sz, S are the collective Dicke operators, g is the coupling constant, w is the energy
of the photons and energy difference between the two atomic levels, and solve it exactly. We study anti-
bunching of radiation, when atoms are fully excited or are in ground state. We find that the case of two
excited two-level atoms shows larger antibunching than the case of a single excited two-level atom. Also,
we find that there is no definite relationship between squeezing and antibunching of light. We find that
for large coupling time gt, Fano factor shows collapses and revivals phenomena. We also discuss variation
of Fano factor with square root of mean photon number.

KUMAR Rupesh Poster

Two way Quantum communication without entanglement.

Rupesh Kumar, M. Lucamarini, G.D Giuseppe,S.Mancini,D.Vitali and P.Tombesi

Department of Physics,University of Camerino, Camerino(MC), Italy

In this poster we present different aspects of a two way quantum communication protocol LM05
and its implementation at telecom wave length over a length of optic fibre. Theoretical background will
explain in addition to the experimental setup. Also cover the analysis of the results obtained.
 51

LASTRA PEREZ Freddy Antonio Poster

Disentanglement Evolution of bipartite d-dimensional systems

F. Lastra,1 G. Romero,1 C. E. Lopez,1 M. Franca Santos2 , and J.C. Retamal1

1
Departamento de Fisica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 307 Correo 2, Santiago, Chile.
1
Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

In this work we study the entanglement evolution of several bipartite d -dimensional systems. We
study the case of two qutrits interacting to a common bath at zero temperature in the general Lindblad
frame. We also study the case of two-level atoms interacting with an electromagnetic eld in a lossy cavity
in the frame of the Dicke Model. The entanglement evolution is studied through a recently proposed
analytical lower bound for the Entanglement of Formation (EOF) by Chen, et. al.

LAZAROU Constantinos Poster

Non-Markovian Dynamics in Atom-Laser Outcoupling from a double-well
Bose-Einstein Cndensate

C. Lazarou,1 G. M. Nikolopoulos,2 P. Lambropoulos2

1
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH
2
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, P.O. BOX 1527, Heraklion GR-71110, Crete,
Greece

The development of a continuous high-flux atom laser remains one of the main goals in the field of
atom optics. The most crucial prerequisite for the realization of a continuous atom laser is the pumping
mechanism replenishing the trapped condensate as atoms are outcoupled from it. Up to date, perhaps the
most promising scheme towards the realization of a continuous source of condensed atoms was demon-
strated by the MIT group [1], and relies on the use of optical tweezers for the transport and the merging
of independently produced BECs. Motivated by these experiments, we have investigated [2] the dynamics
of an effectively one-dimensional atom laser model [3], based on the merging of in- dependently formed
atomic condensates. In a first attempt to understand the dynamics of the system, we consider two in-
dependent elongated Bose-Einstein condensates which approach each other and focus on intermediate
inter-trap dis- tances so that a two-mode model is well justified. As we approach the traps, a Josephson
tunneling is established between the two BECs, while atoms are coherently outcoupled. The structured
atomic continuum for the free atoms is associated with strongly non-markovian phenomena which cannot
be described in the framework of Born and Markov approximations. Hence, our theoretical approach
relies on the discretization of the atomic continuum which, in general, allows the treatment of arbitrary
forms of outcoupling and the incorporation of interatomic interactions [4]. We discuss the quasi steady-
state population of the traps as well as the energy distribution and the coherence of the outcoupled
atoms [2]. In addition to its relevance to the atom laser, this work pertains also to the general field of
non-markovian reservoirs.
[1] A. P. Chikkatur, Y. Shin, A. E. Leanhardt, D. Kielpinski, E. Tsikata, T. L. Gistavson, D. E. Pitchard
and W. Ketterle, Science 282, 2193 (2002).
[2] C. Lazarou, G. M. Nikolopoulos and P. Lambropoulos, submitted to J. Phys. B (2007).
[3] W. Guerin, J.-F.Riou, J. P. Gaebler, V. Josse, P. Bouyer and A. Aspect, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 200402
(2006).
[4] G. M. Nikolopoulos, P. Lambropoulos and N. P. Proukakis, J. Phys. A 36, 2797 (2003).
52

LAZAROU Constantinos Poster

Adiabatic Cavity QED with pairs of atoms

C. Lazarou, B.M. Garraway

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom

We analyze the problem of a single mode field interacting with a pair of two level atoms. Instead of
the usual constant coupling, we assume a sequential time dependent coupling between the atoms and the
field. In considering the adiabatic limit, we were able to demonstrate an energy crossing in the vicinity
of a local degeneracy. Furthermore, we show that for large photon numbers the system has a similar
behaviour to the single atom Jaynes-Cummings model. For this to be the case a condition with respect
to the initial atomic states must be satisfied. Exploring the main features of this system, we propose two
experimental setups for implementing a SWAP and a C-NOT gate.

LININGTON Ian Talk: Mon 11:00 A

Dissipation control in cavity QED with oscillating boundaries

Ian Linington and Barry Garraway

University of Sussex

Relaxation processes in open quantum systems arise through interaction with the system’s external
environment, which acts as a reservoir for decay and decoherence. An important example in quantum
optics, with applications in quantum information science, is the case where the system is a two-level atom
and the reservoir is an optical cavity. The cavity mode structure is usually treated as essentially static.
However, here we present results from a recent investigation into the effects on the atomic dynamics of
a reservoir which is non-trivially time dependent at a microscopic level. To bring out the new features,
the chosen system is one for which the macroscopic properties of the reservoir (density of states, spectral
dependence) remain static. We show that when the microscopic bath-frequencies are modulated peri-
odically in time, interference between the various decay-channels for emission can strongly modify the
atomic decay-rate. Thus, small changes in the environmental manipulation can lead to significant effects,
which may be useful for quantum control.

LO FRANCO Rosario Talk: Mon 11:20 A

Efficient Generation of Generalized Binomial States in a Cavity

R. Lo Franco, G. Compagno, A. Messina, and A. Napoli

Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche ed Astronomiche, Università di Palermo

Here we show that generalized binomial states of electromagnetic field with a maximum number of
photons N [1] can be formally made to correspond to atomic coherent states [2] of cooperation number J
= N/2. On the one hand this permits to simply obtain generalized binomial states properties [3], on the
other hand it suggests a procedure for their generation by the use of interactions among field and atoms
of pseudo-spin J. In particular, here we propose an efficient scheme to generate generalized binomial
states in a high-Q cavity, by exploiting resonant interactions between the cavity field and N consecutive
pseudo-spin J = 1/2 atoms [4]. Finally, we briefly analyze the possible implementation of this generation
scheme.
[1] D. Stoler, B. E. A. Saleh, and M. C. Teich, Opt. Acta 32, 345 (1985).
[2] F. T. Arecchi, E. Courtens, R. Gilmore, and H. Thomas, Phys. Rev. A 6, 2211 (1972).
[3] R. Lo Franco, G. Compagno, A. Messina, and A. Napoli, Phys. Rev. A 72, 053806 (2005).
[4] R. Lo Franco, G. Compagno, A. Messina, and A. Napoli, Phys. Rev. A 74, 045803 (2006).
 53

LULLI Alfredo Talk: Tue 11:20 B

Dynamics of entanglement transfer from two quantized radiation modes to two
qubits

F. Casagrande, A. Lulli, and M. G. A. Paris

Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica

The transfer of entanglement between a quantized radiation field and qubits is a much investigated
problem due to its intrinsic interest and the possible applications in quantum information [1]. We in-
vestigate the entanglement transfer between a two-mode radiation field and a pair of qubits such as two
two-level atoms placed inside an optical cavity [2]. We assume that each mode of the radiation couples
to one qubit via the detuned Jaynes-Cummings interaction and that the qubits can be prepared ini-
tially also in a superposition state. First we evaluate the entanglement transfer efficiency for different
radiation fields such as Bell-like states, twin-beam (TWC) and pair-coherent (TMC) states; all these
states can be realized experimentally and are widely used in quantum information processes [3]. Under
resonance conditions, equal interaction times of both qubits and different initial states, we find that the
entanglement transfer is more efficient for TMC than for TWB states. In the perspective of applications
in QED systems with Rydberg atoms in microwave cavities [4], we consider the effects of off-resonance
interactions, as well as different injection and interaction times for the two qubits. In addition, we fully
investigate the coupling of each radiation mode to the cavity mode both in a static and in a dynamical
way, also including the effect of cavity field dissipation.
[1] M. Paternostro, G. Falci, M. Kim, G. M. Palma, Phys. Rev. B 69, 214502 (2004); J. Zou et al., Phys.
Rev. A 73, 042319 (2006); J. Lee, M. Paternostro, M.S. Kim, S. Bose, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 080501
(2006).
[2] F. Casagrande, A. Lulli, M.G.A. Paris, Phys. Rev. A 75, 032336 (2007).
[3] A. Ferraro, S. Olivares, M.G.A. Paris, Gaussian States in Quantum Information, Napoli Series on
Physics and Astrophysics (Bibliopolis, Napoli, 2005); G. S. Agarwal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 827 (1986).
[4] J.M. Raimond, M. Brune, S. Haroche, Rev. Mod. Phys. 73, 265 (2001); M. Paternostro et al., Phys.
Rev. A 70, 022320 (2004).

LUPO Cosmo Talk: Fri 17:20 A

A critical point of view about the robustness argument of holonomic quantum
gates

Cosmo Lupo
Università di Napoli “Federico II” and INFN sezione di Napoli

Holonomic quantum gates are believed to be robust against certain kind of parametric noise. The
geometric character which is present in the adiabatic regime is at the heart of the argument in favor
of the robustness of holonomic quantum computation: if the fluctuations of the noise are fast enough
their contribution is believed to average out leaving the holonomic evolutor unchanged. We discuss this
argument and show in which regime it cannot be applied.

MACOVEI Mihai Talk: Tue 11:20 A

Light interference and localization of strongly driven multiparticle systems

Mihai Macovei, Joerg Evers, and Christoph H. Keitel

Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

Spontaneous emission of a single excited particle surrounded by the standard free space vacuum
modes follows the usual dipole radiation pattern. The spatial emission properties, however, are signif-
icantly modified when a collection of particles is considered. Then, for example, different patterns are
obtained from ensembles confined in a volume smaller or larger than the emission wavelength, or with
random or regular particle positions. Here, we discuss our recent results on the spatial distribution of
54

light in strongly driven multiparticle systems. First, we consider an atomic chain of independent, distin-
guishable and non-overlapping two-state emitters. In this setup, the light interference effects depend on
the pump field intensity. In particular, it has been shown that the first-order interference vanishes for
an intensely pumped atomic chain in free space. We demonstrate how this strong-field interference can
be recovered by tailoring the surrounding vacuum modes [1]. We also consider second-order correlations
of the scattered photons, where the spatial interference already present in plain vacuum can be modified
favorably at strong driving. Second, we describe a scheme capable of localizing an ensemble of two-level
atoms which are bunched together in a volume much smaller than an emission wavelength within a stand-
ing wave laser field [2]. Due to the laser-pumping of the atomic sample, it collectively emits fluorescence
light with properties depending on the ensemble position in the standing wave. Based on these results,
we extract information on the spatial localization, the number of interacting particles, and the linear
dimension of the sample.
[1] M. Macovei, J. Evers, G.-x. Li, and C. H. Keitel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 043602 (2007).
[2] M. Macovei, J. Evers, C. H. Keitel, M. S. Zubairy, Phys. Rev. A 75, 033801 (2007).

MÄKELÄ Harri Poster

Inert states of spin-S systems

H. Mäkelä and K.-A. Suominen

Department of Physics, University of Turku

We calculate the inert states of spin-S systems assuming that the symmetry group of the energy is
U(1)xSO(3). Inert states are states which correspond to stationary points of the energy regardless of
the exact form of the energy functional. Our results can be applied for example in the study of spinor
Bose-Einstein condensates.

MALINOVSKY Andrey Poster

Light diffraction on modulations of surface relief and low threshold IR
multi-photon dissociation of molecules near surface: optimal model

A.Malinovsky, S.Ambrosov
Odessa University

The light diffraction on relief of surface can make a significant influence on dynamics of laser in-
duced reactions on relief with spatial modulated profile [1]. Velocity of photoprocesses is significantly
dependent on the form and depth of surface relief, optical constants of materials and laser radiation pa-
rameters. We present new approach to modelling the optimal scheme for isotopic selective low threshold
IR multi-photon dissociation of molecules near surface with periodic relief. The system is molecular gas
SiH4 (SF6, UF6), that is resonantly excited by the CO2 laser radiation near surface of the periodic Cu
lattice. A definition of the local electromagnetic fields and their increasing near surface is carried out
within non-linear theory of diffraction of the limited 2D and 3D light beams on surface with arbitrary
discrete Fourier spectrum of relief [1]. A task, connected with a powerful laser action on the gas is more
less adequately described by multi-level models, that leads to necessity of consideration of the solving
the Focker-Plank type equations for density of molecules with vibration-rotation energy and operators,
describing the RT relaxation and action of a laser radiation [1]. New multi-level model for optimization
of excitation of the molecular gas and definition of the optimal form for laser pulse to reach the maximal
effectiveness of laser action in process is based on differential equation of the Focker-Plank type and
optimal governing theory. Numerical testing of optimized model for molecules of SiH4 , UF6 is carried
out. The obtained results allowed to propose new laser isotope separation scheme with application to the
U isotope separation.
[1]. V.Bagratashvili et al, Sov.Quant. Electr. 15, 2173 (1988); A.V.Glushkov, S.V.Ambrosov et al,
J.Techn.Phys.38,219(1997); A.V.Malinovsky, S.V.Ambrosov, Sensor electr.Micrisyst.Tehn. 4, 131 (2007).
 55

MANGANO Giuseppe Talk: Sat 12:20 B

Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage with a Cooper Pair Box

J. Siewert, G. Falci, G. Mangano, E. Paladino and T. Brandes

D.M.F.C.I., CRS MATIS, INFM-CNR

The rapid experimental progress in the feld of superconducting nanocircuits gives rise to an increas-
ing quest for advanced quantum-control techniques for these macroscopically coherent systems. Here we
demonstrate theoretically that stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) should be possible with
the quantronium setup of a Cooper-pair box. The scheme appears to be robust against decoherence and
should be realizable even with the existing technology. STIRAP can be applied to generate single-phonon
states of a resonator by vacuum-stimulated adiabatic passage with the superconducting nanocircuit cou-
pled to the resonator.

MANISCALCO Sabrina Talk: Sun 11:00 A

Measurement induced manipulation of the quantum-classical border

S. Maniscalco, J. Piilo, and K.-A. Suominen

Department of Physics, University of Turku, Finland

During the last three decades a huge number of experiments have confirmed the predictions of quan-
tum theory. At the same time many technological applications based on its most peculiar features, such as
entanglement, have been discovered. Nevertheless, various aspects concerning the foundations of quantum
mechanics still remain to be clarified. Among them, the transition from a microscopic probabilistic world
into a macroscopic deterministic one, also known with the pictorial name of quantum-classical border.
The consensus today is that classical behaviour is an emergent property of quantum systems induced by
their interaction with the environment. In this paper we focus on a paradigmatic open quantum system,
namely the quantum Brownian motion model in a harmonic potential. Such a system, namely a damped
harmonic oscillator, possesses a classical limit and it is therefore possible to monitor the transition from
quantum to classical dynamics caused by decoherence induced by the environment.We demonstrate how
appropriate sequences of nonselective measurements of the energy of such system give rise to quantum
Zeno or anti-Zeno effects, allowing to manipulate the quantum-classical border by prolonging or shorten-
ing, respectively, the persistence of quantum features in the initial state [1].
[1] S. Maniscalco, J. Piilo, and K.-A. Suominen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 130402 (2006).

MAN’KO Margarita Talk: Sat 15:00

Classical radiation in optical fibers as model for quantum entanglement

Margarita A. Man’ko
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow

Using known description of classical electromagnetic radiation propagating in optical fibers by Schroedinger-
like equation (Fock–Leontovich paraxial approximation), the model of entanglement phenomenon is con-
sidered. The Gaussian light beams in optical fibers demonstrate a formal mathematical identity to
Gaussian two-mode quantum fields. In view of this, the criterion of separability and entanglement of
Gaussian light beams are implemented in fiber optics.
56

MAN’KO Vladimir Talk: Sun 11:00 B

Strong subadditivity condition and Renyi entropy in quantum information within
the framework of tomographic-probability representation

Vladimir Man’ko
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow

Using description of spin states by standard probability distributions, the machinery of probability
theory including Shannon entropy and Renyi entropy is implemented in quantum information. New re-
lations in the form of inequalities like subadditivity and strong subadditivity conditions are discussed for
tomographic joint probability distributions describing multiqudit states.

MARANGOS Jonathan Talk: Mon 15:00

Molecular Imaging in the Attosecond Regime using High Harmonic Generation

J.P.Marangos,1 S.Baker,1 R.Torres,1 N.Kajumba,1 C.Haworth,1 J.Robinson, J.W.G.Tisch, 1 M.Lein,2

C.Chirila,2 C.Altucci3 and R.Velotta3
1
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College ,London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
2
University of Kassel, Germany
3
Coherentia-INFM and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Napoli,
Italy

Our recent work has looked in particular at the signal from high order harmonic generation which
contains rich information about the structure and intra-molecular dynamics of small molecules. This we
will illustrate by two types of experiment; (a) measurements of HHG from aligned molecular samples to
observe two-centre recombination interference and electronic structure dependence of the angle dependent
yield, (b) reconstruction of intra-molecular proton dynamics from the spectral dependence of the HHG
using the intrinsic chirp of recolliding electrons.

MARIAN Paulina Talk: Tue 9:00

Gaussian entanglement of formation for two-mode Gaussian states

Paulina Marian and Tudor A. Marian

University of Bucharest, Romania

In recent years many attempts to quantify the entanglement of a Gaussian state have been made due
to the experimental interest in using such states in quantum information processing. In this work we
give a novel approach to the problem of evaluating the entanglement of formation for two-mode Gaussian
states. We perform an analysis of pure-state decompositions of such mixed states in terms of character-
istic functions. In fact, we prove that an entangled Gaussian state is the superposition between a pure
Gaussian state and a classical, and therefore, separable one. Then we show that the optimal pure-state
decomposition is determined by the properties of the classical state. Finally, we evaluate and discuss the
entanglement of formation in several particular but popular cases.
 57

MARIAN Tudor A. Poster

Gaussian measures of entanglement for symmetric two-mode Gaussian states

Paulina Marian and Tudor A. Marian

University of Bucharest, Romania

Our aim in the present work is to apply the Bures metric as a measure of entanglement for symmetric
two-mode Gaussian states (TMGSs) in the framework of the Gaussian approach. We thus want to com-
pare a distance-type Gaussian amount of inseparability to the exact expression of the entanglement of
formation for a symmetric TMGS. To this end we go on the following programme: i) exploit the property
of the covariance matrix of a equally scaled symmetric standard state of being diagonalized by a specific
beam-splitter transformation. ii) exploit the Uhlmann fidelity of a pair of arbitrary two-mode Gaussian
states. Here we can prove that the closest separable Gaussian state to a symmetric inseparable one is a
symmetric state with equal local squeezing factors. iii) maximize the fidelity with respect to the set of
all separable symmetric states, which are identified by taking advantage of the Peres-Simon separability
criterion. We have obtained that the Gaussian degree of entanglement measured by Bures distance de-
pends only on the smallest symplectic eingenvalue of the covariance matrix of the partially transposed
state. Thus, it is in agreement with the exact entanglement of formation and enforces our previous idea
that, even in the Gaussian approximation, the Bures distance is a reliable measure of entanglement.

MARMO Giuseppe Talk: Sun 9:30

Entanglement in the geometric formulation of quantum mechanics

G.Marmo
Università “Federico II” di Napoli - INFN sezione di Napoli

Within the geometrical formulation of quantum mechanics we show how to deal with separability and
entanglement for composite systems.

MASTELLONE Andrea Talk: Sat 11:20 B

Mesoscopic BCS pairing in the repulsive one dimensional Hubbard model

Luigi Amico,1 Andrea Mastellone,1 and Andreas Osterloh2

1
MATIS-INFM and DMFCI, Università di Catania, viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
2
Institut fur Theoretische Physik, Universitat Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany

We study mesoscopic pairing in the one dimensional repulsive Hubbard model and its interplay with
the BCS model in the canonical ensemble. The key tool is comparing the Bethe ansatz equations of
the two models in the limit of small Coulomb repulsion. For the ordinary Hubbard interaction the BCS
Bethe equations with infinite pairing coupling are recovered; a finite pairing is obtained by considering
a further density-dependent phase-correlation in the hopping amplitude of the Hubbard model. We find
that spin degrees of freedom in the Hubbard ground state are arranged in a state of the BCS type, where
the Cooper-pairs form an un-condensed liquid on a “lattice” of single particle energies provided by the
Hubbard charge degrees of freedom; the condensation in the BCS ground state corresponds to Hubbard
excitations constituted by a sea of spin singlets.
58

MAUGERI Alessio Gerardo Talk: Mon 17:20 B

Structured environments in solid state systems: crossover from Gaussian to
non-Gaussian behavior

Alessio Gerardo Maugeri

MATIS CNR-INFM, Catania and Dipartimento di Metodologie Fisiche e Chimiche (DMFCI),
Università di Catania

The variety of noise sources typical of the solid state represents the main limitation toward the real-
ization of controllable and reliable quantum nanocircuits, as those allowing quantum computation. Such
“structured environments” are characterized by a non-monotonous noise spectrum sometimes showing
resonances at selected frequencies. Here we focus on a prototype structured environment model: a two-
state impurity linearly coupled to a dissipative harmonic bath. We identify the time scale separating
Gaussian and non-Gaussian dynamical regimes of the Spin-Boson impurity. By using a path-integral
approach we show that a qubit interacting with such a structured bath may probe the variety of envi-
ronmental dynamical regimes.

MEL’NIKOV Igor Talk: Sat 11:40 B

Generation of slow intense optical solitons in a resonance photonic crystal

I. V. Mel’nikov
Optolink Ltd, Moscow, Russia

We demonstrate previously unforeseen properties of generation, stable propagation, and trapping of

a slow higher-order solitons of self-induced transparency which is mediated by an inversion inside the
resonance photonic crystal. This is in a sharp contrast to the well-known fact of the breakup of the
higher-order ?;n-pulse into a train of isolated ?; pulses with different amplitudes, speeds, and durations.

MESSINA Riccardo Talk: Sun 11:40 A

Casimir-Polder force density between an atom and a conducting plate

R. Messina, R. Passante
Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche ed Astronomiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36,
90123 Palermo

We consider the Casimir - Polder force density on a metallic plate due to the presence of a neutral
atom, evaluating the quantum average of the electromagnetic stress tensor on the two sides of the plate.
This local force can be useful in evaluating Casimir torques or stresses on the wall. The integral of the
force density over the plate yields the well-known expression of the total force acting on the plate; this
shows that many - body components of the force proportional to the atomic polarizability are included
in our result. We finally discuss quantum fluctuations of the Casimir-Polder atom - wall force.
 59

MILOSEVIC Dejan Talk: Fri 15:30

Atomic processes in a strong laser field

Dejan B. Milosevic
Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Max-Born-Institut, Berlin

Various atomic processes in strong laser fields are reviewed [1]. A particular emphasis is on the ex-
planation of common features of different high-order atomic processes, which is based on the following
sequence of theoretical methods: S-matrix formalism - strong-field approximation (SFA) quantum-orbit
theory [2]. It has been commonly assumed that the S-matrix theory, as an in-out formalism, conveys no
information about what happens in between. Applying the SFA and the formalism of quantum orbits to
above-threshold ionization (ATI) by ultrashort laser pulses [3,4] we show that this is not so. By expand-
ing an S-matrix element in terms of such quantum orbits, whose space-time evolution is known, one can
review the options that are available to the electron and follow their paths on the attosecond time scale.
The theory presented is used for simulation of two recently performed experiments: ATI of inert gases
(Garching), and above-threshold detachment of halogen negative ions (Freiburg). This theory can also
be generalized to molecular processes in a strong field. Our first step in this direction is the analysis the
results for the strong-field ionization of diatomic molecules, obtained applying different gauges [5].
[1] D. B. Miloševic and F. Ehlotzky, “Scattering and reaction processes in powerful laser fields”, Adv.
At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 49, 373-532 (2003).
[2] D. B. Miloševic, D. Bauer, and W. Becker, “Quantum-orbit theory of high-order atomic processes in
strong fields”, J. Mod. Opt. 53, 125-134 (2006).
[3] W. Becker, F. Grasbon, R. Kopold, D. B. Miloševic, G. G. Paulus, and H. Walther, “Above-threshold
ionization: from classical features to quantum effects”, Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 48, 35-98 (2002).
[4] D. B. Miloševic, G. G. Paulus, D. Bauer, and W. Becker, “Above-threshold ionisation by few-cycle
pulses”, J. Phys. B 39, R203-R262 (2006).
[5] D. B. Miloševic, “Strong-field approximation for ionization of a diatomic molecule by a strong laser
field”, Phys. Rev. A 74, 063404 (1-14) (2006).

MOREVA Ekaterina Poster

Anisotropically high entanglement of biphotons generated in spontaneous
parametric down conversion

M.V. Fedorov, M.A. Efremov, S.P. Kulik, E. V. Moreva, S.S. Straupe, P.A. Volkov
Moscow State University, A.M.Prokhorov General Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences

We show that a wave packet of a biphoton generated via spontaneous parametric down conversion
is strongly anisotropic. The formulated theory is corroborated by experimental observation of such
anisotropy in single-particle and coincidence biphoton momentum distributions. A method of biphoton
detection which discloses a very high degree of entanglement is suggested.

MUSAKHANYAN Viktor Talk: Sat 17:00 A

An exact solution of Dirac’s equation in the field of plane EM wave: physical
consequences.

Viktor Musakhanyan
Dept. of MedBioPhys@Informatics, Yerevan State Medical Univ

Solution of Dirac’s equation for a charged particle interacting with the field of a plane electromagnetic
wave (EM) wave, so called Volkovś solution, is known for a long time. It was theoretically obtained even
before the lasersépoch and has been used abundantly in theoretical papers to describe the interaction of
electrons with EM wave. However, analysis of the mentioned theoretical solution shows that the initial
momentum of a charged particle is not a physical one and implicitly hidden in these solutions by the gauge
invariance and possibility of shifting of an initial value of vector-potential. Besides, the exponent of the
60

wave function contains classical action of the particle, which should turn into the exact solution of Lorenzś
equation in the classical limiting case. All these and other grave physical disadvantages are lacking in the
new and exact solution of Dirac’s equation presented by us: one has correct limiting cases and results to
new effects, such, as the frequency shift linear by parameter of intensity in Compton effect. It is shown as
well that at the moment of occurrence of a charged particle in the wave field, when the initial momentum
and coordinate are still classical and can be found at the same time in the experiment, this wave function
becomes unity, i.e. from probabilistic description the opportunity of deterministic description occurs, thus
in this case no additional problem arises with the interpretation of wave function of the obtained solution.

MUSTECAPLIOGLU Ozgur Talk: Sun 10:00

Control of Optical Dynamic Memory Capacity of an Atomic Bose-Einstein
Condensate
Devrim Tarhan 1 and Ozgur E. Mustecaplioglu 2
1
Harran University, Physics Dept., Sanliurfa, Turkey
2
Ko University, Physics Dept., Istanbul, Turkey.
There are various potential applications of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates such as atom lasers,
atom lithography, atom chips, atom interferometers and precision measurements. Due to the impres-
sive developments in control of light and matter waves in ultraslow light experiments, one of the most
promising applications is storage of coherent optical information. In order to make an atomic condensate
a practical optical memory device, it is necessary first of all, to increase our capability to control the
amount of information stored in the condensate. For that aim, we have performed a series of studies. This
talk will report some of our recent results. We have found that optical dynamic memory capacity of the
condensate can be optimized by choosing a certain set of experimental control parameters, in particular
coupling laser Rabi frequency and temporal width of the probe pulse for a given atomic condensate. Axial
density profile of the condensate helps to preserve the probe pulse shape against group velocity dispersion.
Further enhancement of the memory capacity is possible by taking into account radial confinement of
the probe pulse. Particular radial density profile of the condensate reduces the effect of modal dispersion
and contributes to the pulse shape preservation. While the optical control parameters are beneficial for
optimizing the memory capacity, properties of the atomic cloud can also be exploited to enhance the
maximum capacity available. Ultraslow waveguiding regimes are investigated and characterized. Propa-
gation constants and the conditions on the number of ultraslow optical modes are determined. Detailed
numerical examinations revealed the ultraslow mode profiles that can be supported by the atomic con-
densate. We will also briefly discuss dispersion compensation by optical nonlinearity in the context of
ultraslow dark and bright solitons.

NAVEZ Patrick Talk: Sat 17:00 B

Mind the gap in a Bose Einstein condensate!
Patrick Navez
Laboratorium voor Vaste-Stoffysica en Magnetisme, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
We investigate the dynamic response of population transfer between two components of a finite tem-
perature spinor Bose condensed gas to a time-dependent coupling potential. Comparison between results
in the generalized random phase approximation (GRPA) and in the Bogoliubov-Popov approximation
(BPA) shows noticeable discrepancies. In particular, the inter-component current response function cal-
culated in the GRPA displays a gapped spectrum due to the exchange interaction energy whereas the
corresponding density response function is gapless. This gapped spectum not predicted within BPA orig-
inates from a new branch of thermal excitation modes different from the gapless (or Goldstone) modes
associated to the spontaneous breaking of SU(2) symmetry. We argue that the GRPA is superior since,
contrary to the BPA, it preserves the SU(2) symmetry and the f-sum rule associated to the spinor gas.
In order to validate this approximation, we propose an experimental setup that allows the observation of
the predicted gap.
Ref: cond-mat/0703612
 61

OGDEN Christopher Talk: Mon 11:40 A

Concentration and purification of entanglement for qubit systems with ancillary
cavity fields

C. D. Ogden, M. Paternostro, and M. S. Kim

Queen’s University Belfast

We propose schemes for entanglement concentration and purification for qubit systems encoded in
flying atomic pairs. We use cavity-quantum electrodynamics as an illustrative setting within which our
proposals can be implemented. Maximally entangled pure states of qubits can be produced as a result
of our protocols. In particular, the concentration protocol yields Bell states with the largest achievable
theoretical probability while the purification scheme produces arbitrarily pure Bell states. The require-
ments for the implementation of these protocols are modest, within the state of the art, and we address
all necessary steps in two specific set-ups based on experimentally mature microwave technology.

OLIVARES Stefano Talk: Fri 17:40 B

Interspecies teleportation and telecloning between light and cold atoms

Stefano Olivares, Mary Cola, Matteo G A Paris

Università di Milano

An interaction scheme to realize interspecies teleportation and telecloning between light and cold
atoms is suggested. The atoms-radiation entanglement needed for the quantum information transfer is
established through the interaction of a single mode with cold atoms in a condensate in the presence of
a strong far off-resonant pump laser.

OLSEN Murray Talk: Tue 15:20 B

Teleportation of massive particles without shared entanglement

M.K. Olsen, A.S. Bradley, S.A. Haine and J.J. Hope

University of Queensland and Australian National University

We show how two Raman atom laser mechanisms may be used to transfer a beam of atoms between
two spatially separated condensates. Only the sharing of classical information between the sender and
receiver is necessary to establish this procedure. The quantum information from the first atomic beam
is transferred to an optical field which performs the role of signal field for a Raman outcoupler at the
second, receiving condensate. In principle, fidelities of arbitrarily close to one can be achieved.

ORLOWSKI Arkadiusz Talk: Mon 10:00

Decoherence of entangled states in multi-mode cavities

M. Janowicz, A. Orlowski
Instytut Fizyki PAN, Warszawa, Poland

New results on decoherence of the Schrdinger-cat-like states in two-mode cavities are discussed within
Cavity QED framework. The cat states are assumed to be produced by the measurement of the energy
of a three-level atom which have passed through the cavity. Interesting dependence of the decoherence
time of the two-mode cat states on the degree of entanglement is observed. Possible generalization to
multi-mode cases are presented and implications for decoherence of entanglement in the macroscopic
scales are discussed.
62

PAGANELLI Simone Talk: Fri 12:30 A

An analytical approach to the coherence properties in the dynamics of two-site
tunnelling system coupled to a harmonic oscillator
Simone Paganelli and Sergio Ciuchi
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università dell’Aquila (Italy)

Tunneling of a charge between localized sites, in a crystal or a molecular system, can be severely
affected by coupling with optical phonon modes. The competition between kinetic energy of the charge
and localization effects due to local coupling with phonon produces the a small polaron, i.e. a charge
dressed by a cloud of multiphonon processes, when the latter prevails. Following a block diagonalization
technique, we obtain analytical (or very fast numerical) results for the quantum propagators. These
results has been used for calculating exactly the finite temperature spectral functions, of both electron
and polaron, and to characterize the band-width behavior with temperature. Even if the spectral analysis
can give a significant indication on the competing coherent and incoherent (phonon driven temperature
activation) processes, it is useful to study the dynamics also to better characterize the coherence proper-
ties of the system. A polaronic reduced density matrix is introduced. In the strong coupling regime, the
electron coherence fastly goes down and it localizes, while the polaron remains coherent (for temperatures
below the inverse of the phonon energy). A finite temperature analysis has been done on each regime
(adiabatic, antiadiabatic, intermediate) going beyond the usuals approximations and giving a more pre-
cise characterization of the crossover between coherent and incoherent regimes.

PARIS Matteo G A Talk: Sun 12:00 B

Optimal quantum estimation of loss in bosonic channels
Matteo G A Paris
Università di Milano

We address the estimation of the loss parameter of a bosonic channel probed by Gaussian signals.
We derive the ultimate quantum bound on precision and show that no improvement may be obtained
by having access to the environment degrees of freedom. We found that, for small losses, the variance of
the optimal estimator is proportional to the loss parameter itself, a result that represents a qualitative
improvement over the shot noise limit. An observable based on the symmetric logarithmic derivative is
derived, which attains the ultimate bound and may be in principle implemented using Gaussian opera-
tions and photon counting.
Refs: Optimal quantum estimation of loss in bosonic channels Alex Monras, Matteo G. A. Paris quant-
ph/0701216 (to appear on PRL)

PASCAZIO Saverio Talk: Mon 15:30

Quantum Zeno subspaces
S. Pascazio
Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Bari

If very frequent measurements are performed on a quantum system, in order to ascertain whether it
is still in its initial state, transitions to other states are hindered and the quantum Zeno effect takes place.
This phenomenon stems from very general features of the Schroedinger equation, that yield quadratic
behavior of the survival probability at short times. However, the quantum Zeno effect does not necessar-
ily freeze everything. On the contrary, for frequent projections onto a multi-dimensional subspace, the
system can evolve away from its initial state, although it remains in the “Zeno” subspace defined by the
measurement. This continuing time evolution within the projected subspace is named “quantum Zeno
dynamics” and has interesting features. We give an introduction to these issues, look at some significant
examples (in Bose-Einstein condensates, atomic physics and quantum optics discuss their practical rele-
vance. We focus on decoherence and irreversibility.
 63

PERINA Jan Poster

Transverse Properties of Entangled Two-photon States Generated in Nonlinear
Photonic-band-gap Structures

J. Perina Jr, M. Centini, C. Sibilia, M. Bertolotti, M. Scalora

Institute of Physics of AS CR in Olomouc, Università La Sapienza di Roma, Charles M. Bowden
Research Center in Alabama

Transverse characteristics (intensity profiles, correlation area) of the spontaneously generated down-
converted fields have been studied for structures composed of up to several tens of thin GaN/AlN layers
using a vectorial quantum model.

PERINOVA Vlasta Talk: Mon 12:20 A

Invariant-subspace method of solution of nonlinear Heisenberg equations

V. Perinova and A. Luks

Laboratory of Quantum Optics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech
Republic

A number of nonlinear optical processes are solvable in the Schroedinger picture, when the unitary
evolution operator is expressed as a matrix in all finite-dimensional invariant subspaces. The eigenvalues
and eigenvectors of this operator offer complete information on the process. We show how they enter the
equivalent solution in the Heisenberg picture. We conform to the recent non-perturbative solution [L.
Mista, Jr., and R. Filip, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 34 (2001) 5603.], which provides one with insight into
nonlinear quantal interaction. We extend the illustration with the case of a frequency detuning of the
modes.

PHILBIN Thomas Talk: Sun 12:00 A

Quantum levitation by left-handed metamaterials

Ulf Leonhardt and Thomas Philbin

University of St Andrews

Left-handed metamaterials make perfect lenses that image classical electromagnetic fields with sig-
nificantly higher resolution than the diffraction limit. Here we consider the quantum physics of such
devices. We show that the Casimir force of two conducting plates may turn from attraction to repulsion
if a perfect lens is sandwiched between them. For optical left-handed metamaterials this repulsive force
of the quantum vacuum may levitate ultra-thin mirrors.

PIILO Jyrki Poster

Quantum Brownian motion for periodic coupling to engineered bath

J. Piilo, S. Maniscalco, and K.-A. Suominen

Department of Physics, University of Turku, Finland

Fundamental research on open quantum systems has traditionally focused on interactions between
the reduced system and its natural environment. Recent theoretical and experimental developments in
engineering the properties of the environments open a new avenue by creating artificial controlled reser-
voirs with whom the reduced system interacts. Reservoir engineering and environment mediated schemes
allow the indirect control of quantum systems - the quantum control being the essential ingredient in
the development of quantum simulators. Generally speaking, the importance of the open system studies
stems from their central role in understanding the quantum-classical border and from the role of decoher-
ence as an obstacle for creating quantum information processors. Reservoir engineering provides a so far
64

largely unexplored way to approach these issues which have both fundamental and applicative character.
We show theoretically how the periodic coupling between an engineered reservoir and a quantum Brow-
nian particle leads to the formation of a dynamical steady state which is characterized by an effective
temperature above the temperature of the environment [1]. The average steady state energy of the system
has a higher value than expected from the environmental properties. The system experiences repeatedly
a non-Markovian behavior - as a consequence the corresponding effective decay for long evolution times
is always on average stronger than the Markovian one. We also highlight the consequences of the scheme
to the Zeno - anti-Zeno crossover [2] which depends, in addition to the periodicity, also on the total
evolution time of the system. Moreover, we discuss how an earlier proposal to use single trapped ions as
quantum simulators for open systems [3] has to be modified to implement the scheme presented here.
[1] J. Piilo, S. Maniscalco, and K.-A. Suominen, Phys. Rev. A 75, 032105 (2007).
[2] S. Maniscalco, J. Piilo, and K.-A. Suominen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 130402 (2006).
[3] J. Piilo and S. Maniscalco, Phys. Rev. A 74, 032303 (2006)

PLASTINA Francesco Talk: Sat 17:20 A

Critical properties of entanglement and Berry’s phase in the superradiant phase
transition
F. Plastina, G. Liberti
Dip. Fisica, Università della Calabria
By employing the adiabatic approximation, we discuss the thermodynamic-limit and finite-size scaling
properties of both quantum correlations (entanglement) and of the geometric (Berry’s) phase in the Dicke
model. In the thermodynamic limit, we entanglement shows a non-analytic behavior at the super-radiant
transition point and at the same time a nonzero Berry phase is obtained only if a path in parameter space
is followed that encircles this critical point. Precursors of the critical behavior are present for a system
with finite size. To show this, we evaluate the leading orders in the 1/N expansion to obtain analyti-
cally various bipartite entanglement measures and the Berry phase, together with their critical exponents.

POLETTI Dario Poster

BEC induced quantum ratchet
D. Poletti
National Univerisity of Singapore - Physics Department - Centre for Computational Science and
Engineering
We study the dynamics of a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in the mean-field limit. We show
that in presence of BEC it is possible to have directed transport when forbidden for cold-atoms.

POPOV Alexander Talk: Tue 15:20 A

Quantum switching in negative-index metamaterials
A. K. Popov, S. A. Myslivets, T. F. George, and V. M. Shalaev
University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI 54481; Institute of Physics of Russian
Academy of Sciences, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
63121; Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
Quantum switching from strong absorption to transparency and amplification by two control lasers in
solids doped by resonant impurities is studied. The results are discussed in the context of compensation
of losses in negative-index metamaterials (NIMs), which is recognized now as one of the most challenging
problems that needs to be addressed for numerous applications of these revolutionary artificial electro-
magnetic materials. Counter-intuitive features of nonlinear-optical coupling in NIMs are shown that
originate from opposite directions of the energy flows of the coupled waves. The opportunities offered by
coherent quantum control in such scheme are illustrated by the numerical experiments.
 65

PRVANOVIC Slobodan Poster

Transfer of angular momentum from vortex beams to optically induced
copropagating and counterpropagating trigonal photonic lattices

Slobodan Prvanovic,1 Dragana M. Jovic,1 Milan S. Petrovic,1 Milivoj R. Belic 1,2

1
Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 57, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
2
Texas A&M University at Qatar, P. O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar

Angular momentum transfer from vortex beams to optically induced photonic lattices is demonstrated
and essential difference between counterpropagating and copropagating cases is stressed. In the case of
interacting incoherent counterpropagating beams it is found that the sum of angular momentum is not
conserved, whereas their difference is. The sum of angular momenta of copropagating interacting beams
is strictly conserved. It is also found that the transfer of angular momentum in counterpropagating inter-
acting beams is minimal, amounting to few percent, while the transfer in copropagating interacting beams
is substantial, amounting to tens of percent. Our results suggest that the difference of angular momenta is
conserved in all physical systems where interaction occurs between counterpropagating incoherent beams.

PUDDU Emiliano Talk: Sat 11:40 A

Ghost imaging with intense entangled fields from PDC seeded by a thermal field

E. Puddu,1 A. Andreoni,1 M. Bondani,2 I. P. Degiovanni 3 , S. Castelletto3

1
Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria and Consorzio Nazionale
Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia (C.N.I.S.M.)-C.N.R.-I.N.F.M., Via Valleggio, 11
- 22100 Como, Italy
2
National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science (U.L.T.R.A.S.)-C.N.R.-I.N.F.M.,
Como, Italy
3
Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Torino, Italy

We present a ghost imaging experiment performed by using, in the Test and Reference arms, the
intense fields generated by a parametric downconversion (PDC) seeded with multi-mode chaotic light. A
beta-Barium-Borate crystal is pumped by the second-harmonic output of an amplified Q-switched Nd-
YAG laser and allows non-collinear type I phase-matching at frequency degeneracy. The seed field, from
the laser fundamental output, is made pseudo-thermal by two rotating ground-glass plates and, after
parametric amplification, hits the object-mask in the Test arm, where the bucket detector is located.
The idler field travels in the Reference arm, where the “imaging lens” (focal length f) is located, and is
finally mapped by a position-sensitive detector, which is a CCD camera. The distances of object and lens
from the crystal and that of lens from CCD sensor obey the thin lens equation. The object, a hole of
1.6 mm diameter crossed by a straight wire of 0.5 mm caliber, results to be illuminated by a “spatially
incoherent” field with ∼320 m speckle size. Thus ∼25 coherence areas cover the object area. We use
the experimental data, maps produced by the CCD camera and energy values measured by the bucket
detector over a series of laser shots, to calculate the fourth-order correlation function, which, as in the
case of PDC from vacuum, is point by point proportional to the object transmittance. Studying the
local visibility of the ghost images demonstrates that our results are rather consistent with the statistical
properties of the multi-mode chaotic light that we measured independently. In addition, we notice that
our seeded PDC source as compared to spontaneous PDC sources would make it easier to optimize the
number and diameter of the speckles with respect to the size of the object details. Moreover recording
intense fields might make ghost-imaging a less time-consuming procedure.
66

RAIMOND Jean-Michel Talk: Sun 9:00

Observing the quantum jumps of light

J.M. Raimond
Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, dept de physique, ENS

A microscopic system under continuous observation exhibits at random times sudden jumps between
its states. The detection of this essential quantum feature requires a quantum non-demolition (QND)
measurement repeated many times during the system evolution. This is a challenging condition for light
quanta. Usual photodetectors absorb light and are thus unable to detect the same photon twice. We have
been able to overcome this limitation and to observe, in real time, the quantum jumps of light. Microwave
photons are stored in a superconducting cavity for times in the second range. They are repeatedly probed
by a stream of non-absorbing circular Rydberg atoms. We have observed the birth, life and death of
single thermal photons in the cavity. We have recently extended the method to larger photon numbers
and observed the cascade down the Fock states ladder due to relaxation. These experiments open new
perspectives for the exploration of the quantum to classical boundary.

RANGELOV Andon Talk: Sat 12:00 A

STIRAP into continuum

A. A. Rangelov,1 N. V. Vitanov,1,2
1
Department of Physics, Sofia University, James Bourchier 5 blvd, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
1
Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,Tsarigradsko chaussee 72, 1784 Sofia,
Bulgaria

We present results from a study of the coherence properties of a system involving three discrete
states coupled via a continuum. Two of the states, 1 and 2, form a ladder configuration coupled to the
continuum and the third discrete state is coupled to the continuum with a control field, which creates a
laser-induced continuum structure (LICS). The objective is to drive the population of the initially pop-
ulated lowest state 1 into the continuum, through state 2, but without populating the (spontaneously
decaying) state 2 at any time, i.e. to produce ionization without transient excitation. We show that the
efficiency of population transfer into continuum can be considerably improved by applying stimulated
Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in the ladder configuration into the continuum and simultaneously
the control field that embeds the third discrete state into the continuum. The presence of LICS introduces
some coherence in the continuum, which enables a STIRAP-like population transfer to the continuum.
Experimental verification of these results will open opportunities for many applications, such as Ryd-
berg atom ionization efficiency close to unity with negligible population into discrete states and efficient
photoionization of a Bose-Einstein condensate. An analytic approximation and numerical results are
presented for Gaussian pulse shapes.

RAUCH Helmut Talk: Mon 9:00

Neutrons as Manipulable Quantum Objects

Helmut Rauch
Atominstitut der Oesterreichischen Universitaeten, Wien, Austria

Quantum mechanics with massive particle become an important tool for fundamental research and
applied science since many previously named “Gedankenexperiments” become feasible and new perspec-
tives for advanced technologies arised. Neutrons are massive particles which couple to gravitational,
nuclear and electro-magnetic interactions and they are sensitive to topological effects, as well. Therefore
they are proper tools for testing quantum mechanics where several previously named “hidden” parameters
become measurable. Widely separated coherent beams can be produced inside perfect crystal interfer-
ometers and they can be influenced individually. Spinor symmetry, spin superposition and quantum beat
effect experiments have been performed and topological phases have been observed. Recent experiments
 67

related to the decoherence problem have shown that interference effects can be revived even when the
overall interference pattern has lost its contrast. Related post-selection experiments shed a new light on
questions of quantum non-locality and support the request for more complete quantum measurements
in future. Typical Schroedinger cat-like states have been identified and their sensitivity against any
kind of fluctuations and dissipative effects will be discussed. More recently a confinement induced phase
shift has been observed and quantum contextuality has been proven. In both cases the entanglement
with the boundary and with various degrees of freedom are demonstated. Quantum state reconstruction
experiments are further topics for discussion. This shows that many more parameters characterizing a
quantum system can be extracted than previously. The basis for a related quantum state engineering
will be discussed.

REHACEK Jaroslav Poster

Is objective quantum homodyne tomography possible?
J. Rehacek, 1 Z. Hradil,1 D. Mogilevtsev 2
1
Department of Optics, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
2
Institute of Physics, Belarus National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, Belarus

A point is made that quantum homodyne tomography used for the diagnostics of quantum objects
cannot be reduced merely to finding the state best representing the homodyne data. Relevant errors
should be quantified as well by means of the Fisher information matrix. This is illustrated with an
example of the diagnostics of non-classicality in terms of the negativity of the Wigner function at the
origin. In this context, some earlier claims of obtaining successful reconstruc tions of nonclassical states
may appear as not being supported by the experimental evidence. A conclusion is drawn that homodyne
measurement is not able to determine quantum states in the objective - data based only - way, unless
much prior information about the state is available.

RIZZUTO Lucia Poster

Casimir-Polder interaction between an accelerated atom and a perfectly reflecting
plate
L. Rizzuto
Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche ed Astronomiche, Universit degli Studi di Palermo and CNISM

We investigate the Casimir-Polder interaction energy between a uniformly accelerated atom and a
reflecting plate. We consider the contributions of vacuum fluctuations and of the radiation reaction field
to the atom-wall Casimir-Polder interaction and discuss their dependence from the acceleration of the
atom. We show that, as a consequence of the non-inertial motion of the atom, a thermal term is present
in the vacuum fluctuation contribution to the Casimir-Polder interaction. The relation of this result with
the Unruh effect is discussed.

RODRIGUEZ Cesar Talk: Fri 11:50 A

Classical Correlations and Completely Positive Maps
Cesar Rodriguez, Kavan Modi, Aik-meng Kuah, Anil Shaji, ECG Sudarshan
University of Texas at Austin, University of New Mexico

We expand the set of initial states of a system and its environment that are known to guarantee
completely positive reduced dynamics for the system when the combined state evolves unitarily. We
characterize the correlations in the initial state in terms of its quantum discord. We prove that initial
states that have only classical correlations lead to completely positive reduced dynamics. The induced
maps can be not completely positive when quantum correlations including, but not limited to, entangle-
ment are present. We outline the implications of our results to quantum process tomography experiments.
68

ROMERO Guillermo Poster

Direct measurement of concurrence for atomic two-qubit pure states

G. Romero, (1)1 C. E. López,1 F. Lastra,1 , E. Solano,(2,3) and J. C. Retamal1

1
Departamento de Fı́sica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile.
2
Physics Department, ASC, and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität.
3
Sección Fı́sica, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.

We propose a general scheme to measure the concurrence of an arbitrary two-qubit pure state in
atomic systems. The protocol is based on one- and two-qubit operations acting on two available copies
of the bipartite system, and followed by a global qubit readout. We show that it is possible to encode the
concurrence in the probability of finding all atomic qubits in the ground state. Two possible scenarios
are considered: atoms crossing three-dimensional microwave cavities and trapped ion systems.

SAHRAI BARENJI Mostafa Talk: Tue 11:40 A

The effect of the spontaneously generated coherence on the dynamical behaviors
of the dispersion and the absorption

M. Sahrai
University of Tabriz

This paper investigates the effects of the spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) and incoherent
pumping field on the dynamical behaviors of the dispersion and the absorption. Using three-level Λ-type
atomic atomic medium, the influence of the relative phase between applied fields on the transient disper-
sion and absorption are discussed. It is shown that the phase dependence of the dispersion, the absorption
and the group index not only depend on the existence of SGC, but they depend on the existence of the
incoherent pumping field as well. We show that the medium can be used as an optical switch in which
the propagation of the laser pulse can be controlled by another laser field. Moreover, the effect of the
atomic parameters on the switching time has also been discussed.

SANCHEZ SOTO Luis L. Talk: Tue 10:00

Quantum reconstruction of an intense polarization squeezed optical beam

L. L. Sanchez-Soto, Ch. Marquardt, J. Heersink, R. Dong, M. V. Chekhova, A. B. Klimov, U. Andersen

and G. Leuchs
Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics (Max Planck Research Group), University of
Erlangen-Nuremberg, Gunther-Scharowsky Strasse 1, Building 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany

We perform a reconstruction of the polarization sector of the density matrix of an intense polarization
squeezed beam starting from a complete set of Stokes measurements. By using an appropriate quasidis-
tribution, we map this onto the Poincaré space providing a full quantum mechanical characterization of
the measured polarization state.
 69

SCALA Matteo Poster

The Dissipative Jaynes-Cummings model with and without the Rotating Wave
Approximation

M. Scala,1 B. Militello,1 A. Messina,1 J. Piilo,2 S. Maniscalco,2 K.-A. Suominen 2

1
MIUR and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche ed Astronomiche dell’Università di Palermo, via Archirafi
36, I-90123 Palermo, Italy
2
Department of Physics, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland

A microscopic derivation of the master equation for the Jaynes-Cummings model with cavity losses
is provided. We compare, in various atom-cavity coupling regimes, our master equation with the phe-
nomenological master equation used in the literature and single out the conditions under which the
phenomenological model is justified. Some examples wherein the phenomenological and the microscopic
master equations give rise to different predictions are discussed in detail.

SCHEEL Stefan Talk: Fri 17:40 A

CPT Maps consisting of Mixed Unitaries

Stefan Scheel and Koenraad M.R. Audenaert

Imperial College London

In this paper we answer two questions about quantum maps. The first question is, given any com-
pletely positive trace-preserving (CPT) map, how can one determine whether this map can be decomposed
as a convex combination of unitary maps (random unitary maps)? The second, and very much related,
question we answer here is about finding a proper distance measure between a CPT map and the set
of random unitary maps, and methods for calculating it. The physical motivation behind these ques-
tions is the desire to distinguish various error mechanisms afflicting the preparation and processing of
quantum states such as in the realisation of quantum gates in. If the only error mechanism occurring
is a classical uncertainty, for instance in a phase parameter, then the resulting “gate” will not be de-
scribed by a particular unitary, but rather by a mixture of such unitaries. If on the other hand, other
mechanism can occur, such as spontaneous decay or photon loss, then the resulting “gate” can not even
be described by such a random unitary map anymore. In a sense, the distance between this particular
map and the set of random unitary maps determines the presence of these non-classical error mechanisms.

SCHETTINI Valentina Poster

Reduced Deadtime and Higher Rate Photon-Counting Detection using a
Multiplexed Detector Array

Stefania Castelletto,1 Ivo Pietro Degiovanni,1 Alan Migdall,2 Sergey Polyakov,2 Valentina Schettini2
1
Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91-10135 Torino, Italy
2
Optical Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
20899-8441, USA.

As the quantum information field advances, the need for improved single-photon devices is becoming
more critical. Quantum information systems are often limited by the detector deadtime to operate at
counts rate of a few MHz, at best, and often at significantly lower rates. We present a scheme for a
photon counting detection system that can be operated at incident photon rates higher than otherwise
possible by suppressing the effects of detector deadtime. The method uses an array of N detectors and
a 1-by-N optical switch with a control circuit to direct input light to live detectors. Our calculations
and models highlight the advantages of the technique. In particular, using this scheme, a group of N
detectors provides an improvement in operation rate that can exceed the improvement that would be
obtained by a single detector with deadtime reduced by 1/N, or of a group of N detectors with passive
switching. We model the system for continous and pulsed light sources, and we compare the results with
the ones obtained with Montecarlo simulations. Furthermore the results of preliminary experimental
70

tests obtained with a prototypal realization of these systems, realized with N=2 detectors, are presented.

SERGI Alessandro Talk: Mon 12:00 B

Quantum-Classical Dynamics of Wave Fields

Alessandro Sergi
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Messina
Contrada Papardo 98166 Messina, Italy

An approach to the quantum-classical mechanics of phase space dependent operators, which has been
proposed recently [1], is remodeled as a formalism for wave fields. Such wave fields obey a system of
coupled non-linear equations that can be written by means of a suitable non-Hamiltonian bracket. As an
example, the theory is applied to the relaxation dynamics of the spin-boson model. In the adiabatic limit,
a good agreement with calculations performed by the operator approach is obtained. Moreover, the the-
ory proposed in this paper can take nonadiabatic effects into account without resorting to surface-hopping
approximations. Hence, the results obtained follow qualitatively those of previous surface-hopping calcu-
lations and increase by a factor of (at least) two the time length over which nonadiabatic dynamics can
be propagated with small statistical errors. Moreover, it is worth to note that the dynamics of quantum-
classical wave fields here proposed is a straightforward non-Hamiltonian generalization of the formalism
for non-linear quantum mechanics that Weinberg introduced recently [2].
[1] R. Kapral and G. Ciccotti, J. Chem. Phys., 110, 8919 (1999).
[2] S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62 485 (1989).

SHATOKHIN Vyacheslav Talk: Mon 16:00

The coherent backscattering spectrum of two atoms

V. Shatokhin, T. Wellens, B. Gremaud, A. Buchleitner

B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Minsk, Belarus, University of Erlangen, Germany, Universite Piere
et Marie Curie, Paris, France, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden,
Germany

We present a detailed analytical and numerical analysis of the inelastic coherent backscattering spec-
trum of laser light incident on cold atoms. We identify frequency domains where the interference contri-
bution can be positive as well as negative – or exhibits dispersive character. These distinctive features are
explained by reciprocity arguments and dressed state two-photon scattering amplitudes. We also discuss
an alternative approach to multiple scattering of intense light in an optically thick sample of cold atoms.

SHUMOVSKY Alexander Talk: Fri 16:00

Spin systems: an example of entanglement without nonlocality

A.A. Klyachko, B. Oztop, A.S. Shumovsky

Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey

Basing on the Majorana representation of spin systems (E. Majorana, Nuovo Cimento 9, 43 (1932))
and our recent result on measure of entanglement (A.A. Klyachko, B.Oztop, A.S. Shumovsky, Phys. Rev.
A 75, 032315 (2007)), we show that spin s > 1/2 systems manifest entanglement. Their entangled states
can be interpreted as the symmetric multi-qubit states. We show that entanglement of those states can
be quantified by only three global measurements independent of the number of qubits. We also show
that states of a single spin can violate Bell-type inequalities with respect to global observables.
 71

SOLIMENO Salvatore Talk: Sat 11:00 A

CV Entanglement generation in a non-degenerate Optical Parametric Oscillator
V. D’Auria, S. Fornaro, A. Porzio and S. Solimeno
Università “Federico II” di Napoli

A Non-degenerate “triply resonant” Optical Parametric Amplifier (NOPA) is able to generate CV

bright entangled beams. In this contribution we analyse the role of the different noise sources, including
laser technical noise, acoustic vibrations and crystal temperature fluctuations, on the OPO dynamics.
The limit of a linearised approach will be discussed by looking at second order effects. In the second part
we will give a glance on the current experiment going on at the University of Napoli Quantum Optics
Laboratory. Preliminary measurements show that entanglement is realized. Reliable triply resonance
condition is obtained by combining temperature phase-matching and crystal tilting in the optical cavity.

SOLOMON Allan Talk: Fri 11:30 A

Decoherence of Entanglement
Allan Solomon1 and Sonia Schirmer2
1
Open University
2
Cambridge University

We discuss the effects of interaction with the environment on the dissipation of entanglement.

SPAGNOLO Salvatore Poster

Casimir-Polder potential between two atoms embedded in a magneto-dielectric
medium
S. Spagnolo, D.A.R. Dalvit, P.W. Milonni
Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche ed Astronomiche di Palermo, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA

We consider the Casimir-Polder potential energy between two ground-state neutral atoms embedded
in a magneto-dielectric medium. We calculate the interaction using two approaches, the first based on
the quantized electromagnetic field in a dispersive medium without absorption and the second on Green
functions that allow for absorption. We show that the two methods yield the same results and so that
in order to obtain the ground state energy of the system, we can neglect the absorption of the host medium.

STRELKOV Vasily Talk: Sat 17:40 A

Control of attosecond pulse emission via ellipticity gating: theory and experiment
V.V. Strelkov, I. J. Sola, L. Elouga, E. Mével, E. Constant, L. Poletto, P. Villoresi, E. Benedetti, J-P.
Caumes, S. Stagira, C. Vozzi, G. Sansone, M. Nisoli
General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. Centre Lasers Intenses
et Applications, Université Bordeaux I, Bordeaux, France. CNR-INFM, Laboratory of Ultraviolet and
X-ray Optical Research, Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
CNR-INFM - National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science, Department of
Physics, Politecnico of Milan, Milano, Italy

By modulating the polarization of a carrier-envelope phase stabilized short laser pulse we control the
dynamics of the photoionized electron wavepacket. Under optimised conditions we observe the signature
of a single return of the electron, accompanied with the emission of an isolated attosecond pulse with a
broad and tunable bandwidth. Compression of the attopulse down to the sub-100 as duration is discussed.
72

SUDARSHAN George Talk: Sat 9:00

Geometry of Dynamical Maps

E C G Sudarshan
Center for Statistical Mechanics and Complex Systems

The statistical state of an open system changes linearly but not by a unitary transformation. All
density matrices are mapped linearly into other density matrices and a sub class of this is called Com-
pletely Positive (CP). Any such map can be realised as the contraction of the unitary evolution of a
larger system. For a Qubit the set of density matrices constitute the unit disk in three dimensions and
is bounded by a spherical surface. Linear maps of such matrices involve a mapping into an ellipsoidal
disc and its center may be displaced from its original position. Any such map may be described in terms
of at most N 2 matrices. The CP maps form a convex set and the extremals need only N matrices at
most. The decomposition of a generic map into extremal components requires it to be generated by the
unitary transformation of each extremal component being coupled to a distinct state. The group of these
transformations is SL(2, R)XT (3).

SUOMINEN Kalle-Antti Talk: Fri 9:30

Quantum jumps and non-Markovian evolution

Jyrki Piilo, Sabrina Maniscalco and Kalle-Antti Suominen

Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Turku, Finland

The Monte Carlo wave function (MCWF) method has become a strong tool for simulations of the
dynamics of Markovian open quantum systems. In addition to computational speed-up, it also offers
a conceptual view of the physical processes and single-system evolution. One of the key issues is the
identification of possible jump operators and the corresponding probabilities for a jump to occur. In
certain non-Markovian systems the identification of jump processes is hampered by the fact that jump
probabilities become time-dependent and can have negative values. Here we present a novel method for
the treatment of non-Markovian evolution as an ensemble of quantum jump histories. Our approach
agrees with the standard MCWF for positive probabilities, but it is also able to handle the negative
probabilities in a consistent way, and it is an exceptionally simple approach in the sense that it does not
e.g. involve any artificial extensions of the Hilbert space for the system.

TAMMA Vincenzo Talk: Mon 17:40 A

Reliability of NOON-state production schemes

Milena D’Angelo, Augusto Garuccio, Vincenzo Tamma

Università degli studi di Bari

The so called NOON states are the main ingredient of many quantum information schemes. The
reliability of NOON-state production schemes clearly plays an important role in view of practical appli-
cations. The production schemes proposed so far can be divided in two categories: the ones relying on
single photon detection and the ones relying on non-detection. Hence, in realistic situations, the reliabil-
ity of NOON-state sources will strongly depend on photodetection efficiency. We start our analysis by
comparing the reliability of the two types of sources by taking into account the detection efficiency of
SPCMs. We discuss and compare the reliability of NOON-state protocols based on both single-photon
and zero-photon detection. Our result may be of great interest for practical implementation of NOON-
state schemes.
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TANAS Ryszard Talk: Sun 11:40 B

Birth and death of entanglement in a two-atom system
Ryszard Tanas and Zbigniew Ficek
Nonlinear optics Division, Institute of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Physics,
School of Physical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Effect of sudden death of entanglement has been widely discussed recently. It is also well known
that entanglement can be created when two-atom system emits spontaneously. The entanglement can be
created continously, without the time delay, but can start also after some finite time. We use standard
Markovian master equation to describe the collective behaviour of the two-atom system and discuss both
birth and death of entanglement in such a system for various initial states.

THÉ George A.P. Talk: Mon 18:20 B

Optical setup for teleportation of the XOR function using coherent state qubits
João Batista Rosa Silva,1 George Andrè Pereira Thé,2 Rubens Viana Ramos 1
1
Federal University of Ceara
2
Electronics Department, Polytechnic of Turin, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italia.
The teleportation of the xor function between two classical bits has been used for implementation
of several quantum information protocols as, quantum key distribution, error correction, access control
and contract signature. In this work, it is described an optical setup for implementation of the quantum
teleportation of the xor function between two classical bits with coherent states qubits using only lin-
ear optics devices and without teleportation, which is common in the implementation of coherent state
single-qubit gates. The efficiency of the proposed setup is 1/2. The key element to become possible the
realization of this setup is a GHZ-type entangled coherent states and its generation also is proposed.

THÉ George A.P. Poster

Electron localization in coupled quantum dot structure via Variational approach
with application in quantum cellular automata
G.A.P. Thé,1 S. A. de Carvalho,2 I. Montrosset,1 R. V. Ramos 1
1
Electronics Department, Polytechnic of Turin, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italia.
2
Federal University of Ceara
Coherent destruction of tunneling (CDT) of electrons in quantum well and quantum dot structures
has been the topic of many investigations in the last few years, especially in two coupled quantum dots
systems, which are of great importance to the development of quantum computer architectures. In a
system composed by an electron and two quantum dots, it is also referred as electron localization and
occurs when the tunneling of the particle is suppressed due to, e.g., the application of a suitable external
AC electric field. Traditionally, the mathematical approach commonly used to derive the equations which
govern the dynamical behaviour of the electron consists of taking the Hamiltonian of the unperturbed sys-
tem, H0(t), and the potential due to the interaction between the quantum dot structure and the external
AC field, V(t), and applying them into the time-dependent Schrdinger equation, in order to obtain a set
of nonlinear, coupled different equations (hereafter set A). This set is usually solved by Runge-Kutta nu-
merical method. Instead of using this approach, in this work we propose to use the Variational method in
order to obtain a set of equations easier to solve than that obtained by following the procedure described
above. In this way, we start describing the system by a Lagrangian and, then, using the Euler-Lagrange
equations and suggesting an ansatz, we discover a new set of coupled differential equations (hereafter set
B). By using Runge-Kutta method we solve set B and show it requires less computational efforts than
set A. In fact, set B requires, in average, 22.57% less time to be solved than set A. The numerical results
obtained show the dependence of the electron localization on the frequency and shape of the electrical
field used. As an application of this double-dot structure electrically controlled, we show how it can be
used to control a quantum dot cellular automata and, by its turn, the implementation of logic devices at
nano-scale and quantum gates.
74

TOPUZOSKI Suzana Poster

Transfer of a Gaussian laser beam through the fork-shaped hologram for atom
trapping purposes

Lj. Janicijevic and S. Topuzoski

Faculty of natural sciences and mathematics, Institute of physics, Skopje, R. Macedonia

In this paper we deduce and study in detail the analytical expressions for Fresnel diffraction of a
Gaussian laser beam by fork-shaped hologram with arbitrary integer singularity p. The wave and the
irradiance distributions are discussed in the near and far field, supported by numerical analyse, as well as
the specialization of the results for the plane wave incidence. The study of intensity distribution arround
the vortex and far from it, as well as the expressions for the vortex radius performed in this work, can
provide an information about the trapping potential and widht of the guide walls, which is of interest for
atom trapping and guiding.

TRAINA Paolo Poster

Realization of high precision interferomenters for experiments on Quantum
Information.

Giorgio Brida, Marco Genovese, Fabrizio Piacentini, Paolo Traina

INRIM - Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica

We present our recent progresses in the realization of Mach-Zender interferometers addressed to the
implementation of experiments on Quantum Information and Tests of Local Realism. The possible ap-
plications of our system concern: double entanglement, Quantum Communication exploiting ququats,
CGLMP tests in the 4-dimensional Hilbert space and full photon statistics reconstruction.

USENKO Vladyslav Talk: Mon 11:00 B

Quantum communication with photon-number entangled states of light upon
realistic conditions

Vladyslav C. Usenko, Matteo G. A. Paris

Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics of the National Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine;
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Milano, Italia

We investigate efficiency and applicability of the quantum communication schemes based on the
photon-number entangled states (PNES) of light in the realistic conditions. The two PNES state types
namely twin beam (TWB) and two mode coherently-correlated (TMC) states are considered in compari-
son to the classically correlated thermal states. The effect of losses on the beams statistics is investigated
and the optimal bit discrimination thresholds maximising channel mutual information are obtained both
for symmetric and asymmetric lossy channels. The states statistics is shown to preserve upon channel
losses thus enabling the realistic security of the TMC-scheme. The influence of the imperfect detection
is also examined and the thermal noise bounds to the PNES-based schemes applicability are obtained.
 75

VASYLYEV Dmytro Poster

Propagation of quantized radiation fields throught semiconductor media

D. Vasylyev, W. Vogel, T. Schmielau, K. Henneberger, D.-G. Welsch

Institute of Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Universitaet Rostock, Friedrich- Schiller-Universitaet Jena

The methods developed independently in Quantum Optics and Semiconductor Physics for descrip-
tion of light propagation in matter with significant dispersion and absorption effects are compared. The
relations between the basic quantities in two kinds of methods are derived. It is shown the way how
to extend the Quantum Optical theory to include gain in the medium. As an example, propagation of
two-mode squeezed light through the semiconductor slab is studied for both absorption and gain cases.

VILLARREAL Carlos Talk: Tue 15:40 B

High Tc Superconductivity and Quasi-2D Bose-Einstein Condensation

C. Villarreal
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico

A model for high Tc superconductivity based on Bose-Einstein condensation of Cooper pairs in quasi-
bidimensional regions is presented. The boson number and internal energy of the system are calculated
by considering the exact mode density for narrow slabs of finite width d. Predictions for Tc consistent
with experimental data for cuprates are obtained when d ∼ 1/kF , being kF the Fermi wave number.

VITANOV Nikolay Talk: Sat 10:00

Navigation in Hilbert space by quantum state reflections

.A. Ivanov, E.S. Kyoseva, B.T. Torosov and N.V. Vitanov

Department of Physics, Sofia University, Bulgaria

Manipulation of superpositions of discrete quantum states has a mathematical counterpart in the

motion of a unit-length statevector in an N-dimensional Hilbert space. Any such statevector motion can
be regarded as, and produced by, a succession of two-dimensional rotations. But the desired statevector
change can also be treated as a succession of reflections, the generalization of Householder transforma-
tions. In a multidimensional Hilbert space such reflection sequences offer more efficient procedures for
producing statevector changes than do sequences of rotations. We propose a simple physical implementa-
tion of the quantum Householder reflection (QHR) in a quantum system of N degenerate states (forming
a qunit) coupled simultaneously to an ancillary (excited) state by N resonant or nearly resonant pulsed
external fields. We use this operator as a building block in synthesizing arbitrary preselected unitary
transformations. We show that the most general U(N) transformation can be factorized, and thereby
constructed, by at most N - 1 QHRs and a one-dimensional phase gate. Viewed mathematically, this
QHR factorization provides a parameterization of the U(N) group. As an example, we propose a recipe
for constructing the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) by at most N - 1 interaction steps. For example,
QFT requires a single QHR for N = 2, and only two QHRs for N = 3 and 4. We use this QHR factoriza-
tion to propose a very efficient technique that connects any two arbitrary (pure or mixed) superposition
states of a qunit. We show that any two pure states can be linked by just a single QHR. The transfer
between any two N-dimensional mixed states with the same dynamic invariants (e.g., the same density
matrix eigenvalues) requires in general N QHRs. Moreover, we propose recipes for synthesis of arbi-
trary preselected mixed states using a combination of QHRs and incoherent processes (pure dephasing
or spontaneous emission). We extend these results to a system with lower and upper levels of arbitrary
degeneracies. Then the propagators within the two sets of degenerate states are expressed by products
of QHRs.
76

VOURDAS Apostolos Talk: Fri 17:00 B

Fourier multiport devices

A. Vourdas, S. Zhang, C. Lei, J. Dunningham

University of Bradford

Fourier multiport devices in which the creation (annihilation) operators at the output are related to
the creation (annihilation) operators at the input through a finite Fourier transform, are studied.Various
inputs are considered and the corresponding output is calculated. For thermal states at the input the
device can be used as a thermometer.

WALLENTOWITZ Sascha Talk: Fri 11:30 B

On “spin squeezing” by polarimetric measurements

Sascha Wallentowitz
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

In recent years spin squeezing in atomic media has been obtained experimentally by Faraday rotation
of polarized light and its subsequent polarimetric measurement. In this contribution it is pointed out that
reasonable doubts can be raised on whether true atomic spin-squeezed states are obtained in this manner.

WELSCH Dirk-Gunnar Talk: Sat 11:00 B

QED in arbitrary linear media: A unified macroscopic approach

C. Raabe1 , S. Scheel2 , D.-G.Welsch1

1
Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 2 Imperial College London

We give a unified approach to macroscopic QED in arbitrary linearly responding media, based on the
quite general, nonlocal form of the conductivity tensor as it can be introduced within the framework of
linear response theory, and appropriately chosen sets of bosonic variables. The formalism generalizes the
quantization schemes that have been developed previously for diverse classes of linear media to a uni-
versally applicable scheme. In particular, it turns out that the scheme developed for locally responding
linear magnetodielectric media can be recovered from the general scheme as a limiting case for weakly
spatially dispersive media.

WHITE Andrew Talk: Fri 17:20 B

Efficient quantum logic circuits: or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love
Hilbert Space

A. G. White, M. Pereira de Almeida, M. Barbieri, D. N. Biggerstaff, R. B. Dalton, A. Gilchrist, G.

Gillett, D. F. V. James (†), N. K. Langford, B. N. Lanyon, K. J. Resch (‡), T. Weinhold
University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (†) University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (‡)
University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

We demonstrate significantly compacted quantum algorithms and demonstrate a Fock-state filter by

going outside the qubit corner of Hilbert space. We obtain a complete error budget for an entangling
gate when driven with independent photons.
 77

YATSENKO Leonid Talk: Fri 15:00

Recent Progress in Laser Based Rapid-Adiabatic-Passage

Leonid Yatsenko
Institute of Physics of National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, prosp. Nauky 46, Kiev-28, 03680,
Ukraine

We discuss recent results of the investigation and application of the techniques of coherent population
transfer and coherent superposition creation by adiabatic interaction of pulsed laser fields with atoms
and molecules. The results were obtained in collaboration of University of Kaiserslautern (Germany),
Universite de Bourgogne (France), Sofia University (Bulgaria) and Institute of Physics of NASU, Kiev
(Ukraine). In particular, we study, as theoretically and experimentally, a method for controlling the flow
of excitation through decaying levels in a three-level ladder excitation scheme. We present the experimen-
tal demonstration of coherent population transfer, induced by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, via
continuum states in helium atoms and experimental data to demonstrate coherently driven population
inversion by retroreflection-induced bichromatic adiabatic passage. Population transfer from an initial to
a target state in metastable helium atoms is induced by coherent interaction of the atoms in a supersonic
beam with two counterpropagating and temporally delayed laser pulses of different intensities. We show
that the technique of Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage (SCRAP), hitherto used for complete popu-
lation transfer between two quantum states, offers a simple and robust method for complete population
transfer amongst three states in atoms and molecules. Traditional two-photon excitation suffers from two
difficulties that prevent complete population transfer: dynamic Stark shifts and multiphoton ionization.
We describe a technique for overcoming these limitations by using a second field to control dynamic
Stark shifts via Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage (SCRAP) and simultaneously suppress undesired
photoionization via laser-induced continuum structure (LICS). We analyze experimentally feasible im-
plementations of single-qubit quantum gates based on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP)
between magnetic sublevels in atoms coupled by elliptically polarized pulsed laser fields and discuss some
new methods of creating and control of coherent superposition of quantum states.

YUASA Kazuya Talk: Fri 10:30

Coherence of Field-Emitted Electrons

Kazuya Yuasa
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan

Understanding quantum coherence is important not only for the foundations of quantum mechanics
but also for quantum information. In particular, the latter requires a better understanding of entangle-
ment, the coherence of multi-particle systems. We discuss the coherence among the electrons emitted
from a material. Since the electrons are fermions, they exhibit antibunching, but how they antibunch
heavily relies on the properties of the source. It is therefore interesting to discuss the antibunching of
electrons emitted from a superconductor. The field emission of electrons from a superconductor was
reported in [1]. In order to take account of the properties of the source, it is crucial to treat the source
as a dynamical quantum system. The field emission of the electrons is dynamically described in the
framework of the quantum field theory, and it is revealed how the superconducting state of the emitter
affects the coherence properties of the field-emitted electrons.
[1] K. Nagaoka et al., Nature 396, 557 (1998).