1.

Computer System

What is a computer system?

A computer system is a collection of program and elements that
work together to achieve a common objective. A Computer system consists of Hardware,
Software, Firmware, live ware elements that support information processing.

What is a Computer?
A computer is a programmable machine that inputs process and outputs
data. Computer is an electronic device that can store and process data, converting into
information that is useful to people.

Input Process Output

Data / Instructions Fig 1 data processing Information

Conversion of data in data into meaningful information is known as data processing.

1.1.Function of a computer system

 Speed
 Accuracy
 Reliability
 Memory and storage
 Multi Language
 Diligence – Performance a task continuously & Quickly
 Artificial intelligence

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 Task 01
The Computer Systems are playing different roles in many different sectors. Explain the
role of Computer Systems in different environments and comprehensively discuss the
significance of the computer system in the sectors of education and business providing
appropriate scenarios as example.

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2.Role of Computer Systems in different Environment

There are many ways in computer system is used different Environment. Now days a
computer system using in a many kinds of environment like wise engineering, data
processing and storage, planning and scheduling, networking, Education as well as
Business field, Health and Medical field.

2.1.Support many ways in self study

E – Learning (or eLearning) is the use of electronic educational technology in learning

and teaching. Many students assume control of their learning experience and use it to
their own specific needs. They can learn take place anytime and any where, and also
student can learn very faster’s learning is good way for making lesson more attractive,
using online learning.

E-book An electronic book (e-book, eBook, e-Book, eBooks, and digital book) is a
book. In this e book length publication in digital form, their consisting of text, images, or
both we can readable on computer or other electronic devices.

Online examination It is technological term for conducting exams on computers. So it

becomes important for every student to be well acquainted with thee online examination
skills and technology

2.3.Role of Computer in Business Field

Computer in Business helps for communicate among employees, clients and customers.
Managers can show training videos, make conference calls, and even organize and
webinars or web- based seminars online with computers. This inter communication
among business, client and customers can manage or organize internationally.

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2.4.Role of Computer in Medical Field
Computers play different key role in any object that is completely round of our life. The
circuitry and logic in most of the medical equipment is basically a computer. The
function of hospital – bed beeping systems, emergency alarm systems, X-ray machine,
ECG machines and several such appliances is based on computer logic.

2.5.Role of in Computer in Management

In management field the computer plays a vital role directly or indirectly. Information
systems are typically computer systems used for data managing.

Usage of IT in Everyday life

 Business administrator system : Airline booking system, Insurance claims

processing, online baking
 Use of large scale computer applications within government : Vehicle registration
systems, revenue collection
 Use of computer within hospitals and health care systems: patient record systems,
ambulance control system, diagnostic tools and specialist surgical equipment.
 Use of computer applications in education: student registration and timetabling,
Computer based training, (CBT), using the internet as a homework resource,
Distance Learning System (E – Learning).

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 Task 02
Identify and explain various hardware, software and peripheral components of a
computer system. Provide an organizational chart with sub categories of hardware,
software and peripheral components with appropriate examples. (LO1.2)

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3.Software
Software collection of program this collection of software this collection of software
programs we can get the internet. Software can be divide two parts there are Application
software, System software.

Software

Application software System software

Generic S/W Bespoke S/W O/S Utility S/W Language/T

Figure 1 - Software classification

3.1.Application Software
Application Software very helpful in writing letters, storing files, managing finance,
drawing picture, analyzing number, There are some popular brand of application
software.

 Business software
 Scientific and engineering software
 Real Time software
 Embedded software ( Printer, Modem, Cell phone, Battery Charge, Fax machine,
Network cards, Washer and dyers, Video phone )
 Personal computer software
 Artificial intelligence software
 Open – Source software
 Readymade software ( Tally, Busy, Ex, Professional Accounts )
 Commercial off the shelf software

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Languages(Java, Pascal, Visual basic, FORTAN, C++) Programming language is a
programmer to write instruction that a computer can understand.

Packages (Graphic, Corel draw, Word processing “Word”, spreadsheet “MS Excel”,
Data base “MS Access”, Animation “Flash / 3D”)

3.2.System Software
System software is a collection of programs written to service other programs. The
System software is controlling the hardware resources and supports the application
software.

Operating System is the main controller within a computer .All hardware installed or
connected to a computer system. (Windows XP, UNIX, UBUNTU, MAC, Linux, DOS)

Program Translator (Compilers, Interpreters)

Utility Software(Merging, Storing)

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4.Computer Hardware
Hardware means computer components (equipment).Computer hardware can be
classified into two categories

 Peripheral Device.
 Devices inside the system box.

4.1.Devices inside the system box

Motherboard
Motherboard can be classified into various types mainly by their size, features and layout
arrangements and internal components. Most motherboard comes with the “onboard
device” concept there is a lot of interface cards to the motherboard itself. it is a Printed
Circuit Board that contains the main components. Input, Output, processing Storage like
all the devices is connected to it……….

Figure 2 - Motherboard

Expansion Card – Add additional functionalities to the motherboard.

Sound card – Alternatively referred to as a sound board or an audio card, A sound card
is an expansion card or integrated circuit that provides a computer with the ability to
produce sounds that can be heard by the user either over speakers or head phone.

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4.2.Connectors interfaces in the motherboard
Socket

Grid type connectors are know as sockets. Normally CPU is connected to a socket.
Socket types vary based on motherboard.

Slot

Line type interfaces are slots,

1. ISA slot – (Industrial Standard Array)

This is generally black color lengthy slot, which was used to connect old
expansion card. It is a general slot.

2. PCI Slot – (Peripheral Component Interface)

Generally white color, 2 segment slot successor to ISA. ISA was replaced by
PCI. PCI is a general slot which support many types of expansion cards.

3. AGP Slot – (Accelerated graphic ports)

Specialized slot for VGA cards. Generally brown color. Single segment.

4. PCI – Express
AGP was replaced by PCI express slot. Specialized to high speed video and
sounds.
1X 4X 8X 16X

5. CNR / AMR (Common Network Ricer) Audio Modem Ricer).

6. RAM banks

7. IDE / PATA Header (Pararal Advanced Technology Attachment) (Integrated

Drive electronics). Used for IDE Hard Disk and CD / DVD connectors.

8. SATA Header (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)

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Ports

Ports are there in the back panel of the mother board, and peripherals are connected.

1. PS/2 Old Keyboards and mouse were connected

* Green color – Mouse

* Pink/Purple color - Keyboard

2. USB Ports Recent invention for most of the peripherals. It support Keyboard,
Mouse, Printer, Networking,
External Devices and Storage Devices. Even supports New Monitors and
Projectors with some other adaptors.(No direct supports)

Chip Set

This is the main control Microchip system in the motherboard. It has 2 components.

1. Northbridge
2. Southbridge

Northbridge

High speed buses (data/ signals) are connected to this. Additionally heat sink may be
there for cooling purposes.

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 Southbridge

Co-buses are mainly connected to this.

CPU

AGP Northbridge RAM

Southbridge

ID PCI USB BIOS

Figure 3- Simple structure of motherboard

4.3.Processor
The CPU or sometimes we are called processor. Central Processing Unit is an integrated
circuit or “chips” which process instruction and data.

Processor types:

 Single core
 Dual core
 Quad core
 Octa core

Figure 4 - Processor

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4.4.Memory
The Computer need a working memory for store, retrieve and save instructions and data.
This working memory is called the main memory or primary storage. Memory can be
divided two parts they are:

 Primary Storage
 Secondary Storage

Figure 5 - Memory

4.5.Primary
Storage

 RAM (Random Access Memory)

 ROM (Read Only Memory)

ROM (Read Only Memory)

It is a kind of memory chip. The data and program in Rom can only be read by a
computer. Information is not lost by ROM even if the power is switched off. The
contents of ROM are fixed when the ROM chip or compact disk is manufactured. ROM
BIOS chips are used for storing information. These chips are also used for storing
programs.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Ram is the main working memory used by the computer. When the operating system
loads from the computer

DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)

It is the most ordinary kind of memory chip. It’s used for the computers main memory.
All information stored in DRAM is not permanent. Size is measured in MB & GB. Cost
is lower than Secondary Storage.

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SRAM (Static Random Access Memory)

It is a special high speed memory used inside the processor. This uses small memory
cells called resistors, and small memory area called cache memory resistors sizes are
measured in bits & bytes.

4.6.Secondary Storage

Hard Disk
It is a magnetic disk. Hard disks hold more data and are faster than floppy disks. A hard
disk can store anywhere from 10 to more than 100 gigabytes. A single hard disk usually
consists of several platters. Each platter requires two read / write heads are attached to a
single access arm so that they cannot more independently. Each platter has the same
number of track location that cuts across all platters is called a cylinder.

4.7.Power
Figure 6 - Hard disk
Supply
There is a power supply in every computer. The unit of measurement of power supply is
watts. The power supply is what feeds electrical power to every part in the pc.

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 Figure 7 - Power supply
5.Peripheral Devices

It is a piece of equipment in a computer system that is not actually inside the computer.
Peripheral devices can be divided in two parts. They are

 Input Devices
 Output Devices

5.1.Input Devices
It is a device for entering information into a computer. Input Devices are Keyboard,
Joystick, Mouse, Light Pen, Touch-sensitive screen, Graphic Tablet etc…….

Joystick

It is an input device that is used to move the cursor or other objects on the visual display
unit. It is usually used with video games for moving car or a plane.

Keyboard

Keyboard is the commonest way of entering information in to a computer. There are a

number of different types, including hose specially designed for use with Microsoft
Windows.

Mouse

It is a device which is used with computer. The mouse came into common use on a PC
with the introduction of the Microsoft Windows operating system.

Light Pens

A light pen is used to allow users to point to areas on a screen and often used to select
menu choice.

Touch Pads

A touch pads is a desktop devices and response to pressure used in conjunction with a
special pen they can be used by graphic artists wishing to create original digital art work,
they are also used in laptops as the mouse.

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 5.2.Out Put Devices

It is a device by which a computer can communicate. The most common output devices
are Speakers, Printer, Plotters, Projectors,

Plotter

A plotter is an Output device similar to a Printer, but normally allows printing larger
images.

Speaker

Most computers are sold with the capability to add a pair of speaker to our system unit.
In fact, in some cases, the monitor may have speakers built directly in to educational and
presentation products and can now be considered a started PC components.

Printer

Beside the monitor, the other important output device is the printer. Generally printers
fall into two categories: Impact and Non impact.

Non impact printer: create an image by using pins or hammers to press an inked ribbon
against paper

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 Task 03
There are many different classifications of computer system. Identify different
types of Computer Systems at least under 02 different classifications.

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6.Classification of Computers

Computer machines can be classified in many ways. They can be classified by the
Technology and Purpose or Size, and Performance.

 Classification by their Size

 Classification by Technology
 Classification by Purpose
 The Computer Generation

6.1Classification by their size

 Super Computers
 Mainframe Computers
 Mini Computers
 Workstations
 Micro Computers, or Personal Computers

Super Computer

Super Computers are widely used in scientific applications such as aerodynamic design
simulation, processing of geological data.

Super Computers are the most powerful computers. They are used for problems requiring
complex calculations. Because of their size and expense, Super Computers are relatively
rare.

Super Computers are used by universities, government agencies, and large businesses.

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Mainframe Computers

Mainframe Computers are usually slower, less powerful and less expensive than Super
Computers. A technique that allows many people at terminals, to access the same
computer at one time is called time sharing.

Mainframe Computers can support hundreds or thousand of users, handling massive

amount of Input, Output, and storage.

This Computers (Mainframe Computers) are used in large organizations where many
users need access to shared data and programs.

Mainframes are also used as e-commerce servers, handling transactions over the Internet.

Minicomputers

Mini Computers are smaller than mainframe, general purpose computer, and give
computing power without adding the prohibitive expenses associated with larger system.
It is generally easier to use.

Minicomputers usually have multiple terminals. This computers may be used as network
servers and Internet servers.

Workstations

Workstations are powerful single-user Computers. It is used for tasks that require a great
deal of number-crunching power, such as product design and computer animation.

Workstations are often used as network and Internet server.

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Micro Computers or Personal Computers

Micro Computers is the smallest, least expensive of all the computers. Micro Computers
have smallest memory and less power, are physically smaller and permit fewer
peripheral smaller and permit fewer peripherals to be attached.

Micro Computers are more commonly known as Personal computers. The term “PC” is
applied to IBM –PCs or compatible computers.

Desktop computers are the most common type of PC. Notebook (Laptop) computers are
used by people who need the power of a desktop system, but also portability. Handheld
PCs (such as PDAs) lack the power of a desktop or notebook PC, but offer features for
users who need limited functions and small size.

Personal Computers (PC)

 Desktop - A case and a display, put under and on a desk.

 Lap Top – Portable and all in one case. Varying sizes.
 Palm Top – A small computer that literally fits in your palmtops are severely
limited. but they are practical for certain functions such as phone books and
calendars. Palmtops that use a pen rather than a keyboard for input are often
called hand-held computers or PDAs.
 Tablet Computer – Like laptops, but with a touch-screen, sometimes entirely
replacing the physical keyboards.
 Programmable Calculator – Like small handhelds, but specialized on
mathematical work.

6.2.Explain the Difference Between Mini Computers, Mainframe Computers, Super

Computers, Micro Computers.
Mainframe Micro Computer Mini Computer Super Computer
Computer
Mainframe is a large Micro Computer is Mini computer is a Super computers

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 power full computer. a small computer. small and it is not are the large in size
as fast as than micro,
mainframe mainframe, mini
Computer. computers.
Mainframe Computer Design to be used Mini computers They are use for
can process requests by one person at a have less memory. special purpose.
from million of users time.
at the same time.
Mainframe Computers Micro Computers Mini Computers is It has very large
have large storage have low storage lower cost than storage capacities.
capacities. It can store capacities and mainframe
large amount of data slow operation rate computer.
than mini
computers and
mainframe
computers.
They are use for They are used for
general purpose. some special
purpose.

6.3.Classification by Technology
 Analog Computers
 Digital Computers
 Hybrid Computers

Analog Computers

These computers recognize data as a continuous measurement of a physical property.

(voltage, pressure, speed and temperature).

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Example: Automobile Speedometer, Early medical diagnostic equipments (ECG)

Digital Computers

These are high speed programmable electronic devices that perform mathematical
calculations, compare values and store results. They recognize data by counting discrete
signal representing either a high or low voltage state of electricity.

Hybrid Computers

A computer that processes both analog and digital data.

6.4.Classification by purpose
 General Purpose Computers
 Special Computers

General Purpose Computers

A “General Purpose Computer” is a machine that is capable of carrying out some general
data processing under program control.

Refers to computers that follow instructions, thus virtually all computers from micro to
mainframe s are general purpose. Even computers in toys, games and single-function
devices follow instructions in their built-in program.

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Special Purpose Computers

A computer that is, designed to operate on a restricted class of problems. Use special
purpose computer equipment to obtain patient diagnostic information.

6.5.The Computer Generation

The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different

generations of computing devices. Each of the five generations of computer is
characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way
computer operate.

Resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable
computing devices.

First Generation (940-1956) Vacuum Tubes

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The first generation computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for
memory , and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. They were very expensive to
operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which
was often the cause of malfunctions.

First generation computers relied on machine language, the lowest-level programming

language understood by computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve one
problem at a time. Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was
displayed on printouts.

The EDVAC, UNIVAC, and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation

computing devices. The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered to a
business client U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.

Second Generation (1956-1963) Transistors

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers.
The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computer until the
late 1950s. The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to
became smaller, fast, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-
generation predecessors. Though the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that
subjected the computer to damage, it was a vast improvement over the vacuum tube.
Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for
output.

Second-Generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to

symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in
words. High-level programming languages were also being developed at this time, such
as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN. These were also the first computers that

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stored their instructions in their memory. which moved from a magnetic drum to
magnetic core energy technology.

Third Generation (1946-1971) Integrated Circuits

The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of
computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called
semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

Instead punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers
through Keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an Operating system, which
allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program
that monitored the memory. Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass
audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.

Fourth Generation (1971-present) Microprocessors

The Microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousand of

integrated circuit were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled
an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in
1971, located all the components of the computer from the central processing unit and
memory to input/output controls-on a single chip.

In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple
introduced the Macintosh. Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of desktop
computers and into many areas of life as more and more everyday products began to use
microprocessors.

As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to from
networks, which eventually led to the development of the development of GUIs, the
Mouse and Handheld devices.

Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond) Artificial Intelligence

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Fifth Generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in
development, through there are some applications, such as Voice recognition, that are
being used today. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make
artificial intelligence a reality. Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology
will radically change the face of computers in years to come. The goal of Fifth
Generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and
are capable of learning and self-organization.

Some computers types of this generation

 Desktop
 Laptop
 Notebook

6.6.Explain the Different Betweens of Computer Generations

First Second Third Fourth Fifth

Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation

Unreliable Reliable More reliable Portable and Robotics

reliable

Very costly Less Smaller size Very small size Natural

electricity Networks

Huge Size Very fast Faster Very cheap More user

friendly

Non Portable Still very Still very More power Very powerful
costly costly full

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Generate lot of S Generate Generate less
heat less heat mall heat
Size

Task 04
Produce system design specifications to meet the requirements in the labs given
in scenario above.

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7.System requirements
AutoCAD Lab Programming Lab MS Office Lab

Motherboard Intel DH87MC Intel DQ87pg Intel DQ87PG

Processor Intel Core i5-4670 Intel Core i3-4330 Intel Pentium Dual-
6M Cache, 3.80Ghz 4M Cache, 3.50 GHz core G3220 3M
cache,3,0 GHz

Primary Memory Kingston 8GB Kingston 4Gb Kinston 2Gb DDr3-

DDR3-1333MHz DDR3-1333MHz 1333MHz

Secondary Memory Western Digital Western Digital Western Digital

500Gb SATA- 320Gb SATA – 250Gb SATA-
7200rpm 7200rpm 7200rpm

Monitor Samsung Led 23.6” Samsung LCD 17’ Samsung LCD 17”

Mouse Logitech USB Logitech USB Logitech USB

Mouse Mouse Mouse

Keyboard Logitech USB Logitech USB Logitech USB

Keyboard Keyboard Keyboard

Printer - - HP Inject Printer

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Operating System Microsoft Windows Microsoft Office 7 Microsoft Windows
7 Professional 64-bit Professional 64-bit 7 Professional 64-bit

Application Auto CAD 2013 Visual Studio 2010 Microsoft Office

2010

Task 05
Justify the suitability of system design specifications for the above tasks.

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8.Justification

8.1.AutoCAD Lab
Motherboard

Intel DH87MC This Intel Motherboard has a good Performance and also it is long
lasting. So I Used this brand for the Motherboard. The maximum bus speed of the
processor we have used is compatible with this Motherboard Model.

Primary Memory

Kingston 8GB DDR3-1333MHz Normally in AutoCAD labs There we need more

primary memory. And also the Performance and the lasting period is good. It we use a
RAM below the used RAM the students who want to save more files will not be to save
them in Such low memory RAM. And also if we used a high memory RAM for this
AutoCAD lab the cost will be high.

Secondary Memory

Normally the AutoCAD projects are large in size. For saving those projects we need a
large amount space. So here we are, using a 500Gb Hard.

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As we are not keeping this saved projects for a long time, It is not necessary to use a
large hard for this AutoCAD Lab.

Monitor

We can find a complex interface in AutoCAD. We can find a complex interface in

AutoCAD so here we have to use a monitor which is big large in size. Because of that we
are using this Samsung Led 23.6” monitor.

Mouse

We use USB Mouse as a pointing device in this AutoCAD lab. Because it has a lower
price than other mouse.

Keyboard

Normally we use Keyboard as a input Device

Operating System

Normally students are not familiar with the latest operating system. Most of them are
using windows XP or Windows 7. Now a days the usage of Windows XP has been
reduced, so the students are now familiar with the usage of Windows 7.

AutoCAD 2013

In doing a bid more advancing designing it is suitable to use a new version of AutoCAD.
More than other old versions of AutoCAD this 2013 versions features are user friendly.

We haven’t chosen the least versions more than AutoCAD 2013 as it’s specifications
which we are using.

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8.2.Programming Lab
Motherboard

Intel DQ87pg This Intel Motherboard has a good Performance and also it is long lasting.
So I Used this brand for the Motherboard. The maximum bus speed of the processor we
have used is compatible with this Motherboard Model.

Primary Memory

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Kingston 4Gb DDR3-1333MHz Normally in Programming labs There we need more
primary memory. And also the Performance and the lasting period is good. It we use a
RAM below the used RAM the students who want to save more files will not be to save
them in Such low memory RAM. And also if we used a high memory RAM for this
Programming lab the cost will be high.

Secondary Memory

Normally Programming labs the projects are large in size. For saving those projects we
are not need for large amount space. So here we are, using a Western Digital 320Gb
SATA – 7200rpm Hard.

As we are not keeping this saved projects for a long time, It is not necessary to use a
large hard for this Programming Lab.

Monitor

I have chosen a LCD Monitor Because of the Power requirements are less.

Mouse

We use USB Mouse as a pointing device in this Programming labs lab. Because it has a
lower price than other mouse.

Keyboard

Normally we use Keyboard as a input Device

Operating System

Normally students are not familiar with the latest operating system. Most of them are
using windows XP or Windows 7. Now a days the usage of Windows XP has been
reduced, so the students are now familiar with the usage of Windows 7.

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Programming

In doing a bid more advancing designing it is suitable to use a new version of Visual
Studio 2010 More than other old versions of Visual Studio 2010versions features are
user friendly.

We haven’t chosen the least versions more than Visual Studio 2010 as it’s specifications
which we are using.

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8.3.Office Lab
Motherboard

Intel DQ87PG This Intel Motherboard has a good Performance and also it is long lasting.
So I Used this brand for the Motherboard. The maximum bus speed of the processor we
have used is compatible with this Motherboard Model.

Primary Memory

Kinston 2Gb DDr3-1333MHz Normally in Office labs There we need more primary
memory. And also the Performance and the lasting period is good. It we use a RAM
below the used RAM the students who want to save more files will not be to save them
in Such low memory RAM. And also if we used a high memory RAM for this Office lab
the cost will be high.

Secondary Memory

Normally Programming labs the projects are large in size. For saving those projects we
are not need for large amount space. So here we are, using a Western Digital 250Gb
SATA-7200rpm Hard.

As we are not keeping this saved projects for a long time, It is not necessary to use a
large hard for this Programming Lab.

Monitor

I have chosen a LCD Monitor Because of the Power requirements are less.

Mouse

We use USB Mouse as a pointing device in this Programming labs lab. Because it has a
lower price than other mouse.

Keyboard

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Normally we use Keyboard as a input Device

Operating System

Normally students are not familiar with the latest operating system. Most of them are
using windows XP or Windows 7. Now a days the usage of Windows XP has been
reduced, so the students are now familiar with the usage of Windows 7.

Programming

In doing a bid more advancing designing it is suitable to use a new version of Ms Office
2010 More than other old versions of versions features are user friendly.

We haven’t chosen the least versions more than as it’s specifications which we are using.

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 Task 06
You are required to perform following tasks.
a) Obtain the complete “System Summary" of the computer system.
b) Check the settings and functionality the of the Display, Sounds and Input
devices through a “Diagnostic Tool” of the system

And document the readings of the activities

c) Prepare a “Technical Support Document” to guide users on how to perform

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9.System Summery

01. Click on the Start button on the start menu Then select Run

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02. Type “dxdiag” Then press “OK” button. You can view the Directx Diagnostics Tool
Dialog box

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3. Press System Button you can see the System Information

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4. Select DirectX files button You can see DirectX files Details

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5. Select Display button You can see Display details

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6. Select sound button you can see the sound details

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7. Select the music button

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8. Select Input button you can see the Input Device details

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10.Disk Fragmentation
What is disk Defragmentation?

Fragmentations happen to a hard disk over a time as you save, change, or delete files.
The changes that you save to a file are often stored at a location on the hard disk that’s
different from the original file. Additional changes are saved to even more locations.

Disk fragmentation

Windows provide the disk defragmenter utility

 Reorganizes clusters contiguously.

 Improves Performance.
 Minimize movement of the read / write heads.
 Use regularly to ensure system runs at peak performance.

Fragmented disk

After defragmentation

1. Go to start button-------------My Computer------------------Go to Local Disk-------Then

press right click on the drive C:--------------Properties

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2. Press Tool button----------------- then go to the Defragment Now----------Press
Analyze

3. After Defragment

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11.Disk cleanup

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1. Start------------- Go to My Computer

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2. Go to Local C: drive

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3. Press local C: drive right click-----------------Go to properties

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4. Press General button--------------------------Disk cleanup

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5. Disk Cleanup

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6. After Disk cleanup

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12.Upgrading Windows XP Operating System to Windows

 First check your external hard disk or other storage device is connected to
your computer.

Path :

Click---------------Start---------------All Programs-------------then click “Windows

easy Transfer for Windows 7”.

 Click “Next”
 select external hard or USB flash drive.
 Click “This is my old computer”
 “windows Easy to Transfer” scan the computer
 Clear check box
 Next

Installing Additional RAM to the system

 First turn off the computer

 Open system unit casing and chosen the right RAM socket.
 Insert the RAM into the RAM socket.

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 13.Reference

ixbtlabs.com. (2009). Gigabyte MA790XT-UD4P Motherboard. Available:

http://ixbtlabs.com/articles3/mainboard/gigabyte-ma790xt-ud4p-790x-p1.html. Last
accessed 1st dec 2014.

Kevin OBrien. (2012). Corsair Vengeance DDR3 RAM Disk Review. Available:
http://www.storagereview.com/corsair_vengeance_ddr3_ram_disk_review. Last
accessed 1st dec 2014.

RAMARAO. (2009). Importance of computer systems in today’s management world.

Available: http://www.tech-wonders.com/2009/07/importance-of-computer-systems-
in.html. Last accessed 1st dec 2014.

Sean Portnoy. (2014 ). Intel introduces nine new Core i5, Core i7 Haswell mobile
processors. Available: http://www.zdnet.com/article/intel-introduces-nine-new-core-i5-
core-i7-haswell-mobile-processors/. Last accessed 2nd dec 2014.

Shoaib Ghulam. (2014). history of computer. Available:

http://itnote4u.blogspot.com/2014/04/history-of-computer.html. Last accessed 28th nov
2014.

techlover9.blogspot.com/. (). What is Hardware. Available:

techlover9.blogspot.com/2013/11/what-is-hardware.html. Last accessed 29th nov 2014.

Vangie Beal. (). hard disk. Available:

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/hard_disk.html. Last accessed 29th nov 2014.

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wikipedia.org. (). E-learning. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-learning. Last
accessed 29th nov 2014.

windows.microsoft.com. (). What is disk defragmentation?. Available:

http://windows.microsoft.com/en-ph/windows/what-is-disk-
defragmentation#1TC=windows-7. Last accessed 1st dec 2014.

www.tutorialspoint.com. (). Computer Generations. Available:

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_generations.htm. Last
accessed 1st dec 2014.

www.vesalia.de. (). Samsung SH-D162d . Available: http://www.vesalia.de/e_sh-

d162d.htm. Last accessed 2nd dec 2014.

14. Gantt chart

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