Cosmology of Plane Geometry

improved version 2021∗

1 Introduction 2
2 Description 3
3 List of Phrases 6
4 Theorems 9
5 References 113

∗
The previous version is Scribd/421475794.
 INTRODUCTION
This article focuses on a new approach to plane geometry and develops important concepts that can allow researchers
to unite and observe plane geometry from a new, meaningful perspective. Almost all of the plane geometry facts in this
paper were obtained by the four authors of the paper. The paper also includes facts discovered by other people. Almost
all of the theorems from the present paper are provided alongside detailed figures drawn in the GeoGebra program. The
following list describes the contents of different sections of this work:
(1) Description. This section introduces various principles and concepts that are used in the paper.
(2) List of Phrases. This chapter is dedicated to a variety of phrases, for which we managed to find geometry
facts. Each of these phrases is hyperlinked to the page in the present paper with corresponding theorems. Facts
from the phrases are not co-dependent, meaning that the phrases can be read independently and in a random
order.
(3) Theorems. This chapter contains a collection of geometry theorems discovered by the authors of the article
while working on this project, and also the facts which were included here as suitable. There is a list of theorems
dedicated to each phrase.
(4) References. This section is the bibliography of the paper.

2
 DESCRIPTION
In this chapter, we describe a general theory that helps to look at the area of plane geometry from a unified point of
view as well as discover new theorems in this area of research.

Deformation principle
In the area of plane geometry, the deformation principle refers to replacing a certain configuration of points, lines,
and circles with more general ones, in which equal points, lines, or circles in the original (undeformed) configuration are
replaced by their deformed versions, i.e. points, lines, and circles that are not equal in the general case but are related
to one another. If one is aware that points, lines, or circles are equal in the case of non-deformed configuration, one can
predict the deformed versions’ connections in terms of general configuration. Consideration of the non-deformed case
aids in predicting which points should be connected in the general deformed case.
For the first example of application of deformation principle consider the configuration of a square ABCD with its
center O. Now, we can look on the point O as on the third vertices Oab , Obd , Ocd , Oda of the triangles Oab AB, Obc BC,
Ocd CD, Oda DA constructed internally on the sides of ABCD which are isosceles right angled triangles (∠AOab B = 90◦ ,
|Oab A| = |Oab B| and so on). So, in the case when ABCD is a square we see that O = Oab = Obc = Ocd = Oda are equal,
thus, the deformation principle predicts that in the general (deformed) case of an arbitrary ABCD, deformed points
Oab , Obc , Ocd , Oda should be connected. And in fact, they are: Oab Ocd is perpendicular to Obc Oda and they have equal
lengths. Therefore, we can state the next result
Theorem 1 (Deformation of a square with its center). Consider any (convex) quadrilateral ABCD and let
points Oab , Obc , Ocd , Oda are chosen inside of ABCD such that Oab AB, Obc BC, Ocd CD, Oda DA are isosceles right
angled triangles (see picture below). Then
(1) Oab Ocd ⊥ Obc Oda
(2) |Oab Ocd | = |Obc Oda |.

B C C
B

Ocd
O Oda
Obc

Oab

A D A D

Theorem 1 (Square case) Theorem 1

In the previous theorem we see how the deformation principle works if we deform a square with its center, similarly we
can deform other simple configurations and get complicated results. Each time when we deform we should have decided
which points we like to deform and how we deform them.

Possible deformations
Theorem 1 is the deformation of four nested points into four connected points in the general case. Similarly, other
objects equal (or trivially connected) in the non-deformed case can be deformed to understand their connected deform-
ations. The following table shows which objects may be considered non-deformed and how their deformations may
appear.

Undeformed objects Possible deformations

Coincide points Collinear points, concyclic points
Coincide lines Concurrent lines
Coincide circles Concurrent circles, coaxial circles, circles having radical line
which has many nice properties wrt original configuration
(if there are two circles)
Coincide triangles Perspective triangles, triangles which vertices are lying on
the same conic
Concyclic points Concyclic points, points lying on the same conic

3
 Deformations of an equilateral triangle
Instead of a square ABCD, this paper uses an equilateral triangle ABC and attempts to deform its center, incircle,
circumcircle, and many other closely related objects. Deformation of an equilateral triangle is the most powerful tool for
producing and verifying results throughout this paper.
As an example of the deformation of an equilateral triangle, we can consider an equilateral triangle with center O and
interpret O as the entire set of Clark Kimberling centers Xi . Therefore, the deformation theory predicts that, in the
general case of an arbitrary triangle ABC, the triangle centers Xi should have many relations among themselves, such
as collinearity, concyclity, etc.
Next, we introduce some first examples of application of the deformation principle in the case of equilateral triangles.
Example 1. Consider a triangle ABC with the first and second Fermat points F1 , F2 . Let Fa , Fb , Fc be the second
Fermat points of F1 BC, F1 AC, F1 AB, respectively. In the case of equilateral ABC we get that F1 coincides with the
center O of ABC and F2 coincides with a point P lying on the circumcircle of ABC. Aditionally, in the equilateral
triangle case we have that Fa , Fb , Fc are the reflections of center O of ABC wrt its sides and the points A, B, C,
Fa , Fb , Fc form a regular hexagon which circumcircle contains P . Thus, we can predict that in the general case of an
arbitrary ABC the configuration ABCFa Fb Fc F2 will inherit some properties of a regular hexagon and a point P on its
circumcircle. And, in fact, the next such relation can be formulated: Point F2 lies on the circumcircle of Fa Fb Fc .

F2 A F2 A

Fb Fb

Fc Fc

F1 F1

C B C B

Fa Fa

Example 1 (Configuration) Example 1 (4 case) Example 1 (Relation)

Example 2. Consider a triangle ABC and any point P . Let AP , BP , CP meet the circumcircle (ABC) of ABC
second time at A0 , B 0 , C 0 (i.e. A0 B 0 C 0 is the circumcevian triangle of P wrt ABC). Consider the nine-point centers N ,
Na , Nb , Nc of ABC, A0 BC, B 0 AC, C 0 AB, respectively. Denote
(1) the reflections Na0 , Nb0 , Nc0 of Na , Nb , Nc wrt BC, AC, AB, respectively
(2) the reflections Na00 , Nb00 , Nc00 of Na , Nb , Nc wrt midpoints of BC, AC, AB, respectively.
In the case of equilateral ABC and P = O – its center we get that Na0 = Nb0 = Nc0 = N = P = O and Na00 = Nb00 =
00
Nc = N = P = O. Thus, we can predict that in the general case of an arbitrary ABC and any point P we will have
that the points Na0 , Nb0 , Nc0 , N , P (Na00 , Nb00 , Nc00 , N , P ) will be connected with each other. And, in fact, the next such
connections can be formulated
(1) Points Na0 , Nb0 , Nc0 , N lie on the same circle
(2) Points Na00 , Nb00 , Nc00 , N lie on the same circle.

4
 Fractal constructions of plane-geometric structures
By the fractal plane-geometric structure, we mean any configuration that can be constructed in the following way:
(1) We start with some object O1 and a configuration Conf1 which involves only objects O1 . For example, if
O1 = orthocenter, then we can start with the next configuration Conf1 = triangle ABC with the orthocenter
H and three reflection points A0 , B 0 , C 0 of H wrt BC, AC, AB, respectively;
(2) After that we add triangular objects O2 in some symmetric set of places (triangles)1 of Conf1 to obtain the
resulting configuration Conf2 . We do it in some natural way which agrees with the deformation principle2
(3) We repeat a similar procedure with subsequent objects O3 , . . ., On and finally obtain the configuration Confn ;
(4) Finally, we search some nice plane-geometric properties of objects On within the resulting configuration Confn .

Theory of phrases
If given objects O1 , O2 , . . ., On and configuration Confn , which is constructed from Oi as previously described, it
is natural to correspond to such configuration the phrase O1 – O2 – . . . – On . The phrase O1 – O2 – . . . – On is also
corresponded to any underlying configuration that can be obtained in this way. Therefore, from a language perspective,
each phrase corresponds to many plane geometry facts.
Furthermore, from a language perspective, if given a phrase O1 – O2 – . . . – On with repeating terms Oi = Oi+1 =
. . . = Oj , it may be replaced with the simpler phrase O1 – . . . – Oi – Oj+1 – . . . – On . The goals of this language are as
follows:
• Catalogue plane geometry facts according to the objects that they include;
• Obtain new geometry facts by experimenting with different phrases and searching for corresponding facts;
• It helps to simplify and to visualize huge formulations of plane geometry facts by corresponding simple phrases
to them;
• Using phrases, it is easy to navigate between theorems and find the theorem of interest to you by the corresponding
phrase;
• Phrases reflect fractal behaviour of facts.

Triangular objects that we use in this article

This paper focuses on the following objects:
• Incenters and incircles (INC)
• Centroids
• Circumcenters
• Orthocenters
• Nine-point centers and circles (NPC)
• Symmedian points
• Fermat points
• Isodynamic points
• Feuerbach points
• Isogonal points (and conjugations)
• Euler lines
• Brocard axis
• Euler reflection points
• Radical lines
• Mixtilinear incircles
• Apollonian triangles
• Morley triangles
• Equilateral triangles
• Squares
In this paper we will use only triangular objects (listed above). However, it is possible to use the following objects
which are polygonal:
Cyclic quadrilaterals, Tangential quadrilaterals, Cyclic hexagons, Tangential hexagons.
Phrases with such objects can be found in the previous version of this paper3, where phrases
Japanese theorem – ..., Pascal’s theorem – ..., Brianchon’s theorem – ... from that paper should be renamed
to phrases Cyclic quadrilaterals – INC – ..., Cyclic hexagons – ..., Tangential hexagons – ..., respectively.

1This set should be symmetric respect to the base triangle, i.e. it should remain the same after rearranging the triangle’s ABC vertices.
2I.e. the objects O must be constructed in such a way that in the undeformed case of an equilateral triangle we have a natural looking
2
simple statement. See also the Deformation principle on page 3 for more details.
3See Scribd/421475794.

5
 LIST OF PHRASES
1. Incenters and incircles (INC)
1.1. INC
1.2. INC – Circumcenters
1.3. INC – Circumcenters – Euler reflection points
1.4. INC – Orthocenters
1.5. INC – Orthocenters – Circumcenters
1.6. INC – Orthocenters – Isogonal conjugations
1.7. INC – NPC
1.8. INC – NPC – Circumcenters
1.9. INC – NPC – Isogonal conjugations
1.10. INC – NPC – Euler lines
1.11. INC – NPC – Radical lines
1.12. INC – Symmedian points
1.13. INC – Fermat points
1.14. INC – Fermat points – Circumcenters
1.15. INC – Fermat points – Euler reflection points
1.16. INC – Isogonal conjugations
1.17. INC – Euler lines
1.18. INC – Euler reflection points
1.19. INC – Euler reflection points – Circumcenters
1.20. INC – Radical lines
2. Centroids
2.1. Centroids – INC
2.2. Centroids – Circumcenters
2.3. Centroids – Orthocenters
2.4. Centroids – Orthocenters – Circumcenters
2.5. Centroids – Orthocenters – Radical lines
2.6. Centroids – Symmedian points
2.7. Centroids – Fermat points – Circumcenters
3. Circumcenters
3.1. Circumcenters – Orthocenters
3.2. Circumcenters – Orthocenters – Circumcenters
3.3. Circumcenters – NPC
3.4. Circumcenters – Fermat points
3.5. Circumcenters – Fermat points – Circumcenters
3.6. Circumcenters – Fermat points – Euler reflection points
3.7. Circumcenters – Euler reflection points
3.8. Circumcenters – Euler reflection points – Circumcenters
4. Orthocenters
4.1. Orthocenters
4.2. Orthocenters – INC
4.3. Orthocenters – INC – Circumcenters
4.4. Orthocenters – INC – Isogonal conjugations
4.5. Orthocenters – INC – Radical lines
4.6. Orthocenters – Circumcenters – Euler reflection points
4.7. Orthocenters – NPC
4.8. Orthocenters – NPC – Circumcenters
4.9. Orthocenters – NPC – Radical lines
4.10. Orthocenters – Fermat points
4.11. Orthocenters – Fermat points – Circumcenters
4.12. Orthocenters – Fermat points – Euler reflection points
4.13. Orthocenters – Feuerbach points
4.14. Orthocenters – Feuerbach points – Circumcenters
4.15. Orthocenters – Isogonal conjugations
6
 4.16. Orthocenters – Isogonal conjugations – Circumcenters
4.17. Orthocenters – Isogonal conjugations – Orthocenters
4.18. Orthocenters – Euler lines
4.19. Orthocenters – Euler reflection points
4.20. Orthocenters – Euler reflection points – Circumcenters
4.21. Orthocenters – Mixtilinear circles
4.22. Orthocenters – Squares
4.23. Orthocenters – Squares – INC
4.24. Orthocenters – Squares – Radical lines
5. Nine-point centers and circles (NPC)
5.1. NPC
5.2. NPC – Circumenters
5.3. NPC – Isogonal conjugations
5.4. NPC – Euler lines
5.5. NPC – Radical lines
6. Symmedian points
6.1. Symmedian points
6.2. Symmedian points – Circumcenters
6.3. Symmedian points – Fermat points
6.4. Symmedian points – Isodynamic points
6.5. Symmedian points – Brocard axis
6.6. Symmedian points – Euler reflection points
7. Fermat points
7.1. Fermat points
7.2. Fermat points – Circumcenters
7.3. Fermat points – Circumcenters – Euler reflection points
7.4. Fermat points – Orthocenters
7.5. Fermat points – Isogonal conjugations
7.6. Fermat points – Isogonal conjugations – Circumcenters
7.7. Fermat points – Isogonal conjugations – Fermat points
7.8. Fermat points – Isodynamic points
7.9. Fermat points – Isodynamic points – Circumcenters
7.10. Fermat points – Euler reflection points
7.11. Fermat points – Euler reflection points – Circumcenters
7.12. Fermat points – Radical lines
8. Isodynamic points
8.1. Isodynamic points
8.2. Isodynamic points – Circumcenters – Euler reflection points
8.3. Isodynamic points – Fermat points
8.4. Isodynamic points – Fermat points – Circumcenters
8.5. Isodynamic points – Fermat points – Euler reflection points
8.6. Isodynamic points – Euler reflection points
8.7. Isodynamic points – Euler reflection points – Circumcenters
9. Feuerbach points
9.1. Feuerbach points – INC
9.2. Feuerbach points – NPC
9.3. Feuerbach points – Circumcenters
10. Isogonal points
10.1. Isogonal conjugations
10.2. Isogonal points – INC
10.3. Isogonal points – INC – Isogonal conjugations
10.4. Isogonal points – NPC
10.5. Isogonal points – NPC – Isogonal conjugations
10.6. Isogonal points – NPC – Radical lines
10.7. Isogonal points – Orthocenters
7
 10.8. Isogonal points – Orthocenters – Isogonal conjugations
10.9. Isogonal points – Circumcenters
10.10. Isogonal points – Fermat points
11. Apollonian triangles
11.1. Apollonian triangles – Euler lines
11.2. Apollonian triangles – Euler reflection points
11.3. Apollonian triangles – Euler reflection points – Radical lines
12. Morley triangles
12.1. Morley triangles – Circumcenters
12.2. Morley triangles – Circumcenters – Euler lines
12.3. Morley triangles – Euler lines
12.4. Morley triangles – Euler reflection points
12.5. Morley triangles – Euler reflection points – Circumcenters
12.6. Morley triangles – Radical lines
12.7. Morley triangles – Equilateral triangles

8
 THEOREMS
Before stating the facts that correspond to each phrase from the List of Phrases Section, let’s formulate some notation
and abbreviations that we use.
• A = l1 ∩ l2 indicates that A is the intersection point of the lines l1 and l2 .
• AB: line through A and B or a segment AB (depending on context).
• |AB|: length of a segment AB.
• ∠ABC: oriented angle between the lines AB and BC.
• l1 ⊥ l2 means that the two lines l1 and l2 are perpendicular.
• l1 k l2 means that the two lines l1 and l2 are parallel.
• ABC ∼ A0 B 0 C 0 means that the two triangles ABC, A0 B 0 C 0 are similar.
• (ABC): circle through A, B and C.
• (ABCD): circle through A, B, C and D.
• (AB): circle with diameter AB.
• i.e.: in other words.
• e.g.: for example.
• wrt: with respect to.

9
 INCENTERS AND INCIRCLES (INC)
1.1.1. Let A1 , A2 be the tangency points of the incircle and A – excircle of a triangle ABC with BC. Similarly define
B1 , B2 , C1 , C2 .
(1) Consider the intersection G of AA1 , BB1 , CC1 . Let la be the perpendicular bisector of a segment between the
incenters of GBC1 , GCB1 . Similarly define lb , lc . Then la , lb , lc are concurrent
(2) Consider the intersection N of AA2 , BB2 , CC2 . Let ra be the perpendicular bisector of a segment between the
incenters of N BC2 , N CB2 . Similarly define rb , rc . Then ra , rb , rc are concurrent
(3) More generally, consider any real parameter t and let A3 , B3 , C3 be the points dividing the segments A1 A2 , B1 B2 ,
C1 C2 in the same ratio 1 : t. Consider the intersection Pa of BB3 , CC3 . Let da be the perpendicular bisector of
a segment between the incenters of Pa BC3 , Pa CB3 , similarly define db , dc . Then da , db , dc are concurrent.

A A A

C3

C2 C2
B3 C2
B2 B2 B2

B1 N B1

C1 C1

C A1 B C B
C B
A2 A2
A3 A2 A1
1.1.1 1.1.1(2) 1.1.1(3)

1.1.2. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC. Denote by Ia the incenter of IBC and let ωa be its incircle. Similarly
define Ib , Ic , ωb , ωc .
(1) Triangle Ia Ib Ic is perspective to ABC
(2) Let two tangent lines from A to ωa meet BC at Ab , Ac . Similarly define Ba , Bc , Ca , Cb . Then Ab Ac Ba Bc Ca Cb
lie on the same conic
(3) Consider the tangency points Ta , Ta0 of the incircle and A – excircle of AAb Ac with Ab Ac . Similarly define Tb ,
Tb0 , Tc , Tc0 . Then ATa , BTb , CTc are concurrent and also ATa0 , BTb0 , CTc0 are concurrent
Consider the cevian triangle A0 B 0 C 0 of I wrt ABC and let Iab , Iac be the incenters of IA0 B, IA0 C and ωab , ωac be their
incircles, respectively. Similarly define Ibc , ωbc , . . ., Icb , ωcb .
(4) Points Iab Iac Iba Ibc Ica Icb lie on the same conic
(5) Let AIab , AIac meet BC at Pab , Pac . Similarly define Pba , Pbc , Pca , Pcb . Then Pab Pac Pba Pbc Pca Pcb lie on the
same conic and the lines Pab Pba , Pbc Pcb , Pac Pca form a triangle which vertices lie on AI, BI, CI
(6) Consider the second tangent lines lab , lac from A to ωab , ωac which are different from AA0 . Let lab , lac meet BC
at Abb , Acc . Similarly define Baa , Bcc , Caa , Cbb . Then Abb Acc Baa Bcc Caa Cbb lie on the same conic
(7) Let Iaa be the incenter of AAbb Acc , similarly define Ibb , Icc . Then Iaa Ibb Icc is perspective to ABC
0
(8) Consider the tangency points Taa , Taa of the incircle and A – excircle of AAbb Acc with Abb Acc . Similarly define
0 0 0 0 0
Tbb , Tbb , Tcc , Tcc . Then ATaa , BTbb , CTcc are concurrent and also ATaa , BTbb , CTcc are concurrent
(9) Denote by Xa , Ya the points lying on BC, AI, respectively, such that ∠BXa Iab = ∠Iac Xa C and ∠AYa Iab =
∠Iac Ya A. Then AXa , BXb , CXc are concurrent and also Ya , Yb , Yc are collinear.
A A A A

Baa Caa
Ba Pba
Pca 0 0
Ca Iba Tbb Tcc
Tb0 B0 Iba Ica B0 Ica
Tc0 C 0 C0 C0
Bc Pbc 0
Ibc Ibc B
I I Pcb
Icb Icb Bcc
I Cb I
Cbb
Iac Iab
Iac Iab
C B C B
C B C B
0
Ac Ta0 Ab A
Acc 0
Pac A0 Pab Taa A0 Abb

1.1.2(2, 3) 1.1.2(4) 1.1.2(5) 1.1.2(6, 8)

10
 1.1.3. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC. Consider the intersection points Ab , Ac of a line through I and
perpendicular to AI with AB, AC. Similarly define Ba , Bc , Ca , Cb . Then the triangle formed with the incenters of
IBc Cb , IAc Ca , IAb Ba is perspective to the circumcevian triangle of I wrt ABC.

A B0
A

Xb Ca Ba
B0 Iba
Ica
Xc Ac C0
C0
I
I
Ibc Ab
Icb
C B
Iac Iab
Bc Cb

C B
A0
A0 Xa

1.1.2(9) 1.1.3
LIST OF PHRASES

11
 INC – CIRCUMCENTERS
1.2.1. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of I wrt ABC. Consider circumcenters
Oa , Ob , Oc , Oaa , Obb , Occ of IB 0 C 0 , IA0 C 0 , IA0 B 0 , IOb Oc , IOa Oc , IOa Ob .
(1) Lines A0 Oaa , B 0 Obb , C 0 Occ , IO are parallel, where O is the circumcenter of ABC
(2) Oaa Obb Occ is orthologic to ABC
(3) Circles (IA0 Oaa ), (IB 0 Obb ), (IC 0 Icc ), (A0 B 0 C 0 ) are concurrent.

A A

Oa Oa
0 0
B O B
C0 C0

Obb Obb
Occ Occ
I I
Oc Oc
Ob Ob
0 0
C A B C A B

Oaa Oaa

1.2.1(1) 1.2.1(2)
1.2.2. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the pedal triangle of I wrt ABC. Consider incenters Ia ,
Iab , Iac of IBC, IA0 B, IA0 C. Similarly define Ib , Ic , . . ., Icb . Consider the circumcenters Oa , Oa0 of IIab Iac , Ia Iab Iac .
Similarly define Ob , Oc , Ob0 , Oc0 . Then both triangles Oa Ob Oc and Oa0 Ob0 Oc0 are orthologic to A0 B 0 C 0 .
A A

Ob0

B0 B0
Ob Oc0
Oc C0 C0
I I

Oa
Iac Iab Iac Ia Iab
0
C B C A B
0 0
A Oa
1.2.2(Part 1) 1.2.2(Part 2)

LIST OF PHRASES

12
 P – FERMAT POINTS
Let P denote one of the next centers of a triangle ABC – incenter I, orthocenter H, circumcenter O, Fermat point F ,
or isodynamic point S. Then in the theorems 7.1.1(1, 3), 7.1.2(2 – 9) from the phrase Fermat points it is possible to
replace the first Fermat point F = F1 of ABC with P and still get the correct results that belong to the current phrase.
Remark. In Theorem 7.1.2(2 –9), we must replace the first Fermat point F of ABC with P and define Fa , Fb , Fc as
the second Fermat points of P BC, P AC, P AB. Whereas the points Fab , Fac should be redefined as the first Fermat
points of F Fa B, F Fa C, where F is the first Fermat point of ABC.

P – FERMAT POINTS – EULER REFLECTION POINTS

Let P denote one of the next centers of a triangle ABC – incenter I, orthocenter H, circumcenter O, Fermat point F ,
or isodynamic point S. Then in the theorems 7.10.2(1 – 12, 14, 15) from the phrase Fermat points – Euler reflection
points it is possible to replace the first Fermat point F = F1 of ABC with point P and still get the correct results that
belong to the current phrase.
Remark. In Theorem 7.10.2(2) it is possible to replace the first Fermat point F of ABC with point P and
(1) In the case when P = F , S we have that A0 B 0 C 0 is perspective to Fa Fb Fc and EA EB EC
(2) In the case when P = I, H, O we have that A0 B 0 C 0 is perspective to Fa Fb Fc and ABC.

P – CIRCUMCENTERS – EULER REFLECTION POINTS

Let P denote one of the next centers of a triangle ABC – incenter I, orthocenter H, circumcenter O, Fermat point F ,
or isodynamic point S. Then in the theorems 7.10.2(1 – 12, 14, 15) from the phrase Fermat points – Euler reflection
points it is possible to replace the first Fermat point F = F1 of ABC with point P and also replace the points Fa , Fb ,
Fc with the circumcenters Oa , Ob , Oc of P BC, P AC, P AB, and still get the correct results that belong to the current
phrase.
Remark. In Theorem 7.10.2(2) it is possible to replace the first Fermat point F of ABC with point P and the points
Fa , Fb , Fc with the circumcenters Oa , Ob , Oc of P BC, P AC, P AB and
(1) In the case when P = O we have that A0 B 0 C 0 is perspective to Oa Ob Oc and EA EB EC
(2) In the case when P = H, F , S we have that A0 B 0 C 0 is perspective to Oa Ob Oc and ABC.

P – EULER REFLECTION POINTS

Let P denote one of the next centers of a triangle ABC – incenter I, orthocenter H, circumcenter O, Fermat point
F , or isodynamic point S. Then in the theorems 8.5.1(1, 4 – 6), 8.5.2(1 – 5) from the phrase Isodynamic points –
Euler reflection points it is possible to replace the first isodynamic point S of ABC with point P and still get the
correct results that belong to the current phrase. Additionally, in the case P = H – orthocenter of ABC we get that in
00 00 00
the Theorem 8.5.1(6) the circle (Eaa Ebb Ecc ) goes through E.
LIST OF PHRASES

13
 INC – ORTHOCENTERS
1.4.1. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the pedal triangle of I wrt ABC. Consider the orthocenters
H, H 0 , Ha , Hb , Hc , Ha0 , Hb0 , Hc0 of ABC, A0 B 0 C 0 , IBC, IAC, IAB, AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0 , respectively.
(1) Triangle A0 B 0 C 0 is inscribed in both ABC and Ha Hb Hc . Moreover, A0 B 0 C 0 is a pedal triangle wrt ABC, Ha Hb Hc
(2) Lines Ha Ha0 , Hb Hb0 , Hc Hc0 are concurrent at H
(3) Reflections of Ha H 0 , Hb H 0 , Hc H 0 wrt BC, AC, AB are concurrent
(4) Triangles Ha Hb Hc , Ha0 Hb0 Hc0 are I-homothetically perspective
Consider the orthic triangle A0 Ba Ca of IBC and let H a , Haa be the orthocenters of ABa Ca , Ha Ba Ca , respectively.
Similarly define H b , H c , Hbb , Hcc .
(5) Lines H a Haa , H b Hbb , H c Hcc are parallel
Consider any four real parameters p, q, r, t and let
41 (p) be the triangle formed with p-points of A, B, C – altitudes of AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0
42 (q) be the triangle formed with q-points of A0 , B 0 , C 0 – altitudes of A0 B 0 C 0
43 (r) be the triangle formed with r-points of Ha , Hb , Hc – altitudes of Ha BC, Hb AC, Hc AB
44 (t) be the triangle formed with t-points of Ha , Hb , Hc – altitudes of Ha B 0 C 0 , Hb A0 C 0 , Hc A0 B 0 .
Then the next facts hold
(6) Triangle 41 (p) and the midpoint triangle of 43 (r) are perspective
(7) Triangles 42 (q), 43 (r) are perspective
(8) Triangles 44 (t), A0 B 0 C 0 are perspective.

Ha Ha

Ha
A A A

Ha 0 Haa
Ha Ca
B0 B0
C0 C0
H Ba
H0 I
H c0 I I
Hb0
Hc Hc
C B C B C B

Hb Hb
A0 A0

1.4.1(2) 1.4.1(3) 1.4.1(5)

Ha Ha Ha

A A A

B0 B0 B0
C0 C0 C0

I
I I

Hc Hc
C B C B C B
Hc
A 0 Hb A 0 Hb A 0 Hb

1.4.1(6) 1.4.1(7) 1.4.1(8)

1.4.2. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the pedal triangle of I wrt ABC. Consider the diameters
A0 A00 , B 0 B 00 , C 0 C 00 of the incircle of ABC. Let `a be a line through the orthocenters of CC 00 B 0 , BB 00 C 0 . Similarly define
`b , `c . Then `a , `b , `c are concurrent at the Feuerbach point of ABC.
1.4.3. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of I wrt ABC. Consider
the intersection points Ab , Ac of B 0 C 0 with AB, AC respectively. Let Hab , Hac be the orthocenters of AAb C 0 , AAc B 0 .
Similarly define Hba , Hbc , Hca , Hcb .
(1) Both triangles Hab Hbc Hca and Hac Hcb Hba are similar to A0 B 0 C 0 and their vertices lie on AI, BI, CI
14
(2) Both quadrilaterals IHab Hbc Hca , IHac Hcb Hba are cyclic
(3) Points Hab Hbc ∩ Hba Hcb , Hbc Hca ∩ Hcb Hac and Hca Hab ∩ Hac Hba form three collinear points which lie on the
sides of A0 B 0 C 0 .

A A

C0
Ab
Ac
A00 B0

Hab
Hcb
0 C0 Hac
B
Hca Ba
I Ca Hbc
I
B 00 Hba
C 00
`a C Cb Bc B

C B
A0
A0
1.4.2 1.4.3(2, 3)

LIST OF PHRASES

15
 INC – ORTHOCENTERS – CIRCUMCENTERS
1.5.1. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC. Consider the orthocenters H, Ha , Hb , Hc of ABC, IBC, ICA, IAB,
respectively. Let Oa , Oa0 be the circumcenters of IAH, IAHa . Similarly define Ob , Ob0 , Oc , Oc0 .
(1) Midpoints Ma , Mb , Mc of AOa0 , BOb0 , COc0 are collinear
(2) Degenerate triangles Oa Ob Oc , Ma Mb Mc are similar.
Mc
Ha

Oc A
0
Oa
Ma Oa

H
I

Ob
Hc
C B
Mb

Hb
1.5.1(1, 2)

LIST OF PHRASES

16
 INC – ORTHOCENTERS – ISOGONAL CONJUGATIONS
1.6.1. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of I wrt ABC. Consider the
orthocenters Hab , Hac of IA0 B, IA0 C. Let Hab 0 0
, Hac be the isogonal conjugations of Hab , Hac wrt ABC. Similarly define
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hba , Hbc , Hca , Hcb . Then the lines Hab Hac , Hba Hbc , Hca Hcb are concurrent.

0
Hab

Hcb

Hbc
0
Hac
Hca C0
Hba
B0
I

Hac
C A0 B

Hab

1.6.1

LIST OF PHRASES

17
 INC – NPC
1.7.1. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 , A00 B 00 C 00 be the pedal and cevian triangles of I wrt ABC.
Consider the nine-point centers Na , Nb , Nc of IBC, IAC, IAB. Also denote by O, N the circumcenter and the
nine-point center of ABC.
(1) Circles (Na BC), (Nb AC), (Nc AB), (Na Nb Nc ) are concurrent at L
(2) Let Ma be the midpoint of the segment between the nine-point centers of Na BC, Nb Nc A, similarly define Mb ,
Mc . Then Ma , Mb , Mc lie on the same line which is parallel to IO
Consider the nine-point centers (and similar ones for each of the remaining vertices B, C)

Na1 of IBC (Na1 = Na ) Na4 reflection of Na1 wrt IA Na7 of Na1 BC

Na2 of IB 0 C 0 Na5 reflection of Na1 wrt IA0 Na8 of LBC
Na3 of IB 00 C 00 Na6 reflection of Na2 wrt IA0

Let 40 , 49 , 4n denote the triangles A0 B 0 C 0 , A00 B 00 C 00 , Nan Nbn Ncn respectively. Consider the nine-point center objects
◦
Nijk , Nij,kl , Nijk corresponding to the triangles 40 , . . . , 49 and the point I. We have the following properties – codes
(3) Lines
ION0i2 N412 N411 N611 N01,03 N01,51 N03,51 N11,22 N3j2 N9k2 k N422 N432 N431 k N522 N532 N531 , ON N11,71 ,
IN211 N221 , IN01,53 N531 , IN321 N21,61 , N N211 N03,51 , N N221 N11,22 , N112 N222 N11,22 , N112 N21,61 N212 ,
N3n1 N911 , N012 N532 N01,53 , N212 N03,53 N531 , N032 N532 N03,53 , N11,41 N21,61 N41,43 , N01,51 N01,53 N51,53
N03,51 N51,53 N03,53 , N03,53 N01,03 N01,53 , N312 N311 N931 (∀i, j, k, n)
(4) Circles
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
N111 LN11,41 , N311 I, N411 N11,41 , N211 N21,61 , N611 N21,61 , N512 N21,61
(5) Coincide points
IN011 N31,21 , N N111 , N03,22 N022 N031 N212 , N41i N51i , N312 N912 N922 , N112 N1ki N1k,ij , (k ≥ 2, ∀i, j)
(6) Intersections
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
N N211 N03,51 ∩ N112 N222 N11,22 ∩ N11,41 N21,61 N41,43 , N4ij ∩ N5ij ∩ IO, N022 ∩ N422 ∩ N522 ∩ IO (∀i, j)
(7) Unlisted perspectivities
N01,41 , N92,93 , N4i,5i (∀i).
1.7.2. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of I wrt ABC. Consider the
nine-point centers N , N 0 of ABC, A0 B 0 C 0 .
Consider the nine-point centers (and similar ones for each of the remaining vertices B, C)

Na1 of IBC Na4 = A Na7 = N

Na2 of AB 0 C 0 Na5 = A0 Na8 = N 0
Na3 of A0 BC Na6 = I

For numbers 1 ≤ n, m, k, l ≤ 8 we will wright the code

(n, k) if the triangles Nan Nbn Ncn , Nak Nbk Nck are perspective
(n, kl) if Nan Nbn Ncn is perspective to the triangle formed with the nine-point centers of Nbk Nck Nal , Nak Nck Nbl ,
Nak Nbk Ncl respectively
(nm, kl) if the triangle formed with the nine-point centers of Nbn Ncn Nam , Nan Ncn Nbm , Nan Nbn Ncm is perspective to
the triangle formed with the nine-point centers of Nbk Nck Nal , Nak Nck Nbl , Nak Nbk Ncl respectively
(n, klm) if Nan Nbn Ncn is perspective to the triangle formed with the nine-point centers of Nak Nal Nam , Nbk Nbl Nbm ,
Nck Ncl Ncm respectively
(nkl) if the nine-point centers of Nan Nak Nal , Nbn Nbk Nbl , Ncn Nck Ncl are collinear
We have the following properties-codes
(1) Codes of the forms (n, k), (n, kl), (nm, kl), (n, klm), (nkl)
(1, 5), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 5), (4, 5), (1, 16), (1, 21), (1, 25), (1, 28), (1, 37), (1, 41), (1, 56), (2, 16), (2, 32), (2, 45),
(2, 52), (2, 56), (3, 16), (3, 23), (3, 25), (3, 43), (3, 54), (3, 56), (4, 16), (4, 17), (4, 21), (4, 47), (4, 54), (4, 56),
(5, 16), (5, 21), (5, 23), (5, 25), (5, 41), (5, 43), (5, 45), (5, 46), (5, 56), (5, 58), (12, 16), (12, 17), (12, 56),
(13, 16), (13, 56), (14, 16), (14, 17), (14, 56), (15, 16), (15, 27), (15, 56), (16, 17), (16, 18), (16, 21), (16, 23),
(16, 24), (16, 25), (16, 26), (16, 27), (16, 28), (16, 31), (16, 32), (16, 34), (16, 35), (16, 36), (16, 37), (16, 38),
(16, 41), (16, 42), (16, 43), (16, 45), (16, 46), (16, 47), (16, 48), (16, 51), (16, 52), (16, 53), (16, 54), (16, 57),
(16, 58), (17, 18), (17, 21), (17, 23), (17, 24), (17, 25), (17, 37), (17, 47), (17, 56), (17, 57), (18, 23), (18, 25),
(18, 26), (18, 28), (18, 37), (18, 56), (21, 25), (21, 28), (21, 32), (21, 46), (21, 53), (21, 56), (21, 57), (23, 25),
(23, 32), (23, 37), (23, 43), (23, 45), (23, 56), (24, 56), (25, 37), (25, 45), (25, 46), (25, 56), (26, 28), (26, 56),
(27, 38), (27, 56), (28, 32), (28, 37), (28, 46), (28, 53), (28, 56), (28, 57), (31, 35), (31, 56), (32, 53), (32, 54),
(32, 56), (32, 57), (34, 56), (35, 56), (36, 56), (37, 46), (37, 56), (38, 56), (41, 46), (41, 48), (41, 56), (42, 56),
(43, 45), (43, 56), (45, 54), (45, 56), (46, 56), (47, 56), (48, 56), (51, 56), (52, 54), (52, 56), (52, 58), (53, 56),
(53, 57), (54, 56), (56, 57), (56, 58), (1, 678), (2, 678), (3, 678), (4, 678), (5, 678), (128), (137), (156), (158),
(176), (178), (186), (258), (268), (567), (568)
18
 (2) Let L(nkl) denote the line corresponding to the code (nkl) then we have the following properties of these lines
L(137) k L(156) k L(158) k L(258), L(186) k L(268), L(176) ∩ L(178) ∩ L(186), L(185) ∩ L(186) ∩ L(568)
(3) Circumcircles and the nine-point circles of the triangles corresponding to the code (128) are coaxial.
1.7.3. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of I wrt ABC. Consider the
intersections Ab , Ac of B 0 C 0 with AB, AC respectively. Similarly define Ba , Bc , Ca , Cb . Let N , N 0 , Nab , Nac denote
the nine-point centers of ABC, A0 B 0 C 0 , AAb C 0 , AAc B 0 . Similarly define Nba , Nbc , Nca , Ncb .
(1) Lines Nbc Ncb , Nac Nca , Nab Nba form the triangle which is perspective to ABC
(2) Lines Nab Nac , Nba Nbc , Nca Ncb form the triangle which is perspective to A0 B 0 C 0
(3) Quadrilaterals A0 Bc Cb I, A0 Nbc Ncb N 0 are similar. Similarly for B, C
Consider the nine-point centers (and similar ones for each of the remaining vertices B, C)

Na1 of A0 Bc Cb Na2 of IBc Cb Na3 of A0 Nbc Ncb Na4 of N 0 Nbc Ncb

(4) Triangles A0 B 0 C 0 , Na1 Nb1 Nc1 are perspective at the isogonal conjugation of N 0 wrt A0 B 0 C 0
(5) Triangles A0 B 0 C, Na2 Nb2 Nc2 are perspective
(6) Triangles A0 B 0 C 0 , Na3 Nb3 Nc3 are perspective at the circumcenter O of ABC
(7) Triangles A0 B 0 C 0 , Na4 Nb4 Nc4 are perspective at the isogonal conjugation of N 0 wrt A0 B 0 C 0
(8) Lines Na3 Na4 , Nb3 Nb4 , Nc3 Nc4 are parallel to AI, BI, CI
Let Xa = Na1 Na2 ∩ Na3 Na4 , similarly define Xb , Xc .
(9) Triangles A0 B 0 C 0 , Xa Xb Xc are perspective.

A A C0 A C0
C0 Xc

Ab Nab Ab Nab Ab Nab

Nac Nac Nac
Ac Ac Xb Ac
B0 B0
Nba Nba
0 Nba B0
Nca I N I I
0 0
Nca N Nca N
Ca Ba Ca Ba Ca Ba
4 4
2 Na 2 Na
Ncb Ncb Na Ncb Na
C Nbc B C Nbc B C Nbc B
Na1 Na3 Na1 Na3
Cb Bc Cb Bc Cb Bc

Xa

A0 A0 A0

1.7.3(3) 1.7.3(4, 5, 6, 7) 1.7.3(8, 9)

1.7.4. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC. Consider any points A0 , B 0 , C 0 on the lines AI, BI, CI such that
triangles ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 are homothetic. Let P be any point. Consider the nine-point centers Na , Nb , Nc , Na0 , Nb0 ,
Nc0 of BIC, AIC, AIB, P AA0 , P BB 0 , P CC 0 respectively.
(1) Midpoints of Na Na0 , Nb Nb0 , Nc Nc0 are collinear if and only if P lies on the rectangular hyperbola passing through
A0 , B 0 , C 0 , I, or P lies on the circumcircle of ABC
(2) Consider the second intersection point X of the line through the orthocenter of A0 B 0 C 0 and the circumcenter of
ABC with the orthogonal hyperbola H through A0 B 0 C 0 I. Let XP meet H second time at Q. Then the orthogonal
projections of the midpoints of Na Na0 , Nb Nb0 , Nc Nc0 on the line IP form the degenerate triangle which is similar
to the triangle formed with the nine-point centers of QIA0 , QIB 0 , QIC 0 .

LIST OF PHRASES

19
 INC – NPC – CIRCUMCENTERS
1.8.1. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC. Consider the nine-point centers Na , Nb , Nc of IBC, IAC, IAB.
Consider the circumcenters (and similar ones for each of the remaining vertices B, C)

Oa1 of IBC Oa4 of IOb3 Oc3 Oa7 = Na

Oa2 of IOb1 Oc1 Oa5 = A Oa8 of ABC
Oa3 of INb Nc Oa6 = I Oa9 of Na Nb Nc

For numbers 1 ≤ n, m, k, l ≤ 9 we will wright the code

(n, k) if the triangles Oan Obn Ocn , Oak Obk Ock are perspective
(n, kl) if Oan Obn Ocn is perspective to the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obk Ock Oal , Oak Ock Obl , Oak Obk Ocl
respectively
(nm, kl) if the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obn Ocn Oam , Oan Ocn Obm , Oan Obn Ocm is perspective to the
triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obk Ock Oal , Oak Ock Obl , Oak Obk Ocl respectively
(n, klm) if Oan Obn Ocn is perspective to the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Oak Oal Oam , Obk Obl Obm , Ock Ocl Ocm
respectively
(nkl) if the circumcenters of Oan Oak Oal , Obn Obk Obl , Ocn Ock Ocl are collinear
We have the following properties-codes
(1) Codes of the forms (n, k), (n, kl), (nm, kl), (n, klm), (nkl)
(1, 2), (1, 5), (1, 7), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 7), (4, 5), (4, 7), (1, 16), (1, 18), (1, 21), (1, 23), (1, 24),
(1, 25), (1, 26), (1, 27), (1, 29), (1, 39), (1, 43), (1, 46), (1, 52), (1, 53), (1, 54), (1, 57), (1, 58), (1, 59), (1, 73),
(2, 12), (2, 13), (2, 14), (2, 17), (2, 18), (2, 19), (2, 26), (2, 28), (2, 36), (2, 43), (2, 56), (2, 73), (2, 76), (3, 12),
(3, 16), (3, 26), (3, 36), (3, 38), (3, 39), (3, 46), (3, 49), (3, 52), (3, 71), (3, 72), (3, 73), (3, 74), (3, 75), (3, 78),
(3, 79), (4, 12), (4, 16), (4, 21), (4, 26), (4, 31), (4, 32), (4, 34), (4, 35), (4, 37), (4, 38), (4, 39), (4, 46), (4, 73),
(4, 76), (4, 79), (5, 12), (5, 16), (5, 18), (5, 21), (5, 23), (5, 24), (5, 25), (5, 26), (5, 27), (5, 28), (5, 29), (5, 36),
(5, 37), (5, 43), (5, 56), (5, 58), (5, 73), (5, 74), (5, 76), (7, 12), (7, 18), (7, 28), (7, 31), (7, 32), (7, 34), (7, 35),
(7, 36), (7, 37), (7, 38), (7, 43), (7, 46), (7, 52), (7, 56), (7, 76), (7, 79), (12, 21), (12, 26), (12, 31), (12, 32),
(12, 34), (12, 35), (12, 36), (12, 37), (12, 38), (12, 39), (12, 46), (12, 52), (12, 73), (12, 76), (12, 79), (16, 26),
(16, 28), (16, 36), (16, 43), (16, 56), (16, 73), (16, 76), (18, 21), (18, 26), (18, 28), (18, 37), (18, 39), (18, 56),
(18, 58), (18, 73), (18, 74), (19, 59), (21, 36), (21, 37), (21, 43), (21, 56), (21, 73), (21, 79), (23, 43), (23, 56),
(23, 73), (24, 43), (24, 56), (24, 73), (25, 43), (25, 56), (25, 73), (26, 36), (26, 37), (26, 43), (26, 56), (26, 58),
(26, 73), (26, 74), (26, 76), (27, 43), (27, 56), (27, 73), (28, 39), (28, 43), (28, 46), (28, 52), (28, 53), (28, 54),
(28, 57), (28, 58), (28, 59), (28, 73), (29, 43), (29, 56), (29, 73), (31, 46), (32, 46), (34, 46), (35, 46), (36, 46),
(36, 73), (36, 76), (36, 79), (37, 46), (37, 73), (37, 74), (37, 79), (38, 46), (38, 73), (38, 76), (39, 43), (39, 46),
(39, 52), (39, 56), (39, 76), (39, 79), (43, 56), (43, 73), (46, 52), (46, 56), (46, 76), (47, 74), (48, 78), (49, 76),
(49, 79), (52, 76), (56, 73), (1, 168), (1, 689), (2, 256), (2, 258), (2, 268), (2, 568), (2, 689), (3, 369), (3, 689),
(4, 679), (4, 689), (5, 689), (7, 679), (7, 689), (123), (126), (127), (128), (136), (137), (158), (159), (176), (236),
(245), (256), (258), (267), (346), (367), (379), (456), (478), (479), (678), (679)
(2) Let L(nkl) denote the line corresponding to the code (nkl) then we have the following properties of these lines
L(137) = L(176) = L(136) = L(367) k L(127), L(126) ∩ L(136) ∩ L(236), L(126) ∩ L(127) ∩ L(256),
L(245) ∩ L(256) ∩ L(456), lines L(123), L(126), L(256) divide L(137) in equal segments.
1.8.2. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of I wrt ABC. Consider the
nine-point centers N , N 0 of ABC, A0 B 0 C 0 .
Consider the nine-point centers (and similar ones for each of the remaining vertices B, C)

Na1 = A Na3 of IBC Na5 of A0 BC Na7 = N

Na2 = A0 Na4 of AB 0 C 0 Na6 = I Na8 = N 0

For numbers 1 ≤ n, m, k, l ≤ 8 we will wright the code

(n, k) if the triangles Nan Nbn Ncn , Nak Nbk Nck are perspective
(n, kl) if Nan Nbn Ncn is perspective to the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Nbk Nck Nal , Nak Nck Nbl , Nak Nbk Ncl
respectively
(nm, kl) if the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Nbn Ncn Nam , Nan Ncn Nbm , Nan Nbn Ncm is perspective to the
triangle formed with the circumcenters of Nbk Nck Nal , Nak Nck Nbl , Nak Nbk Ncl respectively
(n, klm) if Nan Nbn Ncn is perspective to the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Nak Nal Nam , Nbk Nbl Nbm ,
Nck Ncl Ncm respectively
(nkl) if the circumcenters of Nan Nak Nal , Nbn Nbk Nbl , Ncn Nck Ncl are collinear
We have the following properties-codes
(1) Codes of the forms (n, k), (n, kl), (nm, kl), (n, klm), (nkl)
(1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 5), (4, 5), (1, 16), (1, 26), (1, 36), (1, 38), (1, 43), (1, 48), (1, 54), (1, 58), (2, 13), (2, 14),
(2, 15), (2, 17), (2, 18), (2, 24), (2, 26), (2, 38), (2, 41), (2, 42), (2, 43), (2, 45), (2, 46), (2, 47), (2, 54), (2, 57),
20
 (3, 16), (3, 36), (3, 37), (3, 41), (3, 42), (3, 43), (3, 46), (3, 47), (3, 48), (3, 54), (3, 57), (4, 24), (4, 26), (4, 28),
(4, 31), (4, 34), (4, 36), (4, 38), (4, 42), (4, 57), (5, 13), (5, 14), (5, 15), (5, 16), (5, 17), (5, 18), (5, 43), (5, 48),
(13, 48), (14, 48), (15, 48), (16, 24), (16, 26), (16, 38), (16, 41), (16, 42), (16, 43), (16, 45), (16, 46), (16, 47),
(16, 54), (16, 57), (17, 27), (17, 48), (18, 28), (18, 46), (18, 48), (24, 34), (24, 36), (24, 48), (26, 34), (26, 36),
(26, 38), (26, 48), (26, 57), (28, 38), (28, 54), (36, 45), (36, 54), (36, 56), (36, 57), (37, 42), (37, 43), (37, 45),
(38, 43), (38, 48), (38, 54), (45, 54), (45, 57), (47, 58), (48, 54), (48, 57), (1, 678), (2, 578), (2, 678), (3, 235),
(3, 367), (3, 378), (3, 478), (3, 678), (4, 678), (5, 678), (127), (128), (146), (148), (235), (236), (238), (348),
(356), (ijk) (j, k ≥ 5, ∀i)
(2) Let L(nkl) denote the line corresponding to the code (nkl) then we have the following properties of these lines
L(xjk) = L(yjk) (j, k > 5, ∀x, y), L(146) = L(148) = L(186), L(128) k L(186) k L(348), L(127) k L(176),
L(176) ∩ L(178) ∩ L(186), L(176) ∩ L(235) ∩ L(236), L(127) ∩ L(128) ∩ L(178).
1.8.3. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of I wrt ABC. Consider the
intersections Ab , Ac of B 0 C 0 with AB, AC respectively. Similarly define Ba , Bc , Ca , Cb . Let N , N 0 , Nab , Nac denote
the nine-point centers of ABC, A0 B 0 C 0 , AAb C 0 , AAc B 0 . Similarly define Nba , Nbc , Nca , Ncb .
Consider the circumcenters (and similar ones for each of the remaining vertices B, C)
Oa1 of A0 Nbc Ncb
Oa2 of N 0 Nbc Ncb
(1) Triangles A0 B 0 C 0 , Oa1 Ob1 Oc1 are perspective at N 0
(2) Triangles A0 B 0 C, Oa2 Ob2 Oc2 are perspective.

A C0

Ab Nab Oc1
Nac
Ac
B0 Oc2
Ob1 Ob2
Nba
I
0
Nca N
Ca 2
Oa Ba
Ncb
C Nbc B
1
Oa
Cb Bc

A0

1.8.3(1, 2)

LIST OF PHRASES

21
 INC – NPC – ISOGONAL CONJUGATIONS
1.9.1. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and Ia , Ib , Ic be the excenters of ABC. Consider the nine-point centers
Na , Nb , Nc of IBC, IAC, IAB.
Consider the isogonal conjugations (and similar ones for each of the remaining vertices B, C)
Na1 of Na wrt IBC
Na2 of Na wrt Ia BC
Ia1 of I wrt Na BC
Ia2 of Ia wrt Na BC
(1) Points I, Na1 , Nb1 , Nc1 and the circumcenter O of ABC are collinear
(2) Points Na2 , Nb2 , Nc2 are collinear. In addition, two lines from parts (1), (2) are perpendicular
(3) Points Ia1 , Ib1 , Ic1 are collinear. In addition, two degenerate triangles Na1 Nb1 Nc1 , Ia1 Ib1 Ic1 are similar
(4) Lines Ia Ia1 , Ib Ib1 , Ic Ic1 form a triangle which is perspective to Ia Ib Ic
(5) Points Ia2 , Ib2 , Ic2 are collinear. In addition, two lines from parts (3), (5) are perpendicular. Besides two
degenerate triangles Na2 Nb2 Nc2 , Ia2 Ib2 Ic2 are similar.

INC – NPC – EULER LINES

1.10.2. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC. Consider the nine-point centers Na , Nb , Nc of IBC, IAC, IAB.
Consider the Euler lines `a , `b , `c of Na BC, Nb AC, Nc AB. Let `0a be a line through A and parallel to `a , similarly
define `0b , `0c . Then the triangles 4, 40 formed with the lines `a , `b , `c and `0a , `0b , `0c , respectively, are homothetic with
the homothety coefficient 2/3.

INC – EULER LINES

For any triangle ABC, its incenter I and orthocenter H it is true that I coincides with the orthocenter of the
circumcevian triangle of I wrt ABC and H coincides with the incenter of the circumcevian triangle of H wrt ABC.
Thus, theorem 4.18.1 which belongs to the phrase Orthocenters – Euler lines can be equivalently reinterpreted into
the theorem from the current phrase.
LIST OF PHRASES

22
 INC – NPC – RADICAL LINES
1.11.1. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC. Consider the nine-point centers Na , Nb , Nc of IBC, IAC, IAB.
Then the radical lines of pairs of circles (Na BC), (ANb Nc ); (Nb AC), (BNa Nc ); (Nc AB), (CNa Nb ) are concurrent.
1.11.2. Let the incircle of a triangle ABC is tangent to its sides at A0 , B 0 , C 0 . Consider the diameters A0 A00 , B 0 B 00 ,
C 0 C 00 of the incircle of ABC. Let ωab , ωac be the nine-point circles of AA00 B 0 , AA00 C 0 , respectively. Similarly define
ωba , ωbc , ωca , ωcb .
(1) Radical lines of pairs of circles ωab , ωac ; ωba , ωbc ; ωca , ωcb are concurrent
(2) Radical lines of pairs of circles ωba , ωca ; ωab , ωcb ; ωac , ωbc are concurrent
(3) Radical lines of pairs of circles ωbc , ωcb ; ωac , ωca ; ωab , ωbc are concurrent.

A A A

A00 A00 A00

C0 C0 C0
B0 B0 B0
I I

I
B 00 B 00 B 00
C 00 C 00 C 00

C B C B C B

A0 A0 A0

1.11.2(1) 1.11.2(2) 1.11.2(3)

LIST OF PHRASES

23
 INC – SYMMEDIAN POINTS
1.12.1. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the pedal triangle of I wrt ABC. Consider any point
P . Then the triangle formed with the symmedian points Sa , Sb , Sc of P B 0 C 0 , P A0 C 0 , P A0 B 0 is perspective to ABC.
1.12.2. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC. Consider the symmedian points Sa , Sb , Sc of IBC, IAC, IAB. Let
X, Y , X be the midpoints of AI, BI, CI. Then XSa , Y Sb , ZSc are concurrent.
A A

X
B0
Sb
Sa C0
Sc
P I

Sc Sb Z Y
Sa
C B C B

0
A
1.12.1 1.12.2
0 0 0
1.12.3. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A B C be the cevian triangle of I wrt ABC.
(1) Consider the line `a through the symmedian points of AA0 B and AA0 C. Similarly define `b , `c . Then `a , `b , `c
form a triangle which is perspective to ABC
(2) Consider the line µa through the symmedian points of IA0 B and IA0 C. Similarly define µb , µc . Then µa , µb , µc
form a triangle which is perspective to XY Z, where X, Y , Z are the midpoints of IA, IB, IC.
A A

X
C0 C0

B0 B0
I I

Z Y

C A0 B C A0 B

1.12.3(1) 1.12.3(2)
1.12.4. Consider a triangle ABC with the incenter I. Let the line through I and parallel to BC meet AB, AC at Ab ,
Ac respectively. Similarly define Ba , Bc , Ca , Cb . Consider the symmedian points Sa , Sbc , Scb of IBc Cb , IBCb , ICBc .
Similarly define Sb , Sc Sab , Sba , Sac , Sca .
(1) Triangles Sa Sb Sc , ABC are I-homothetically perspective
(2) Lines Sbc Scb , Sac Sca , Sab Sba form a triangle which is perspective to ABC
(3) Lines Sba Sca , Sab Scb , Sac Sbc form a triangle which is perspective to Sa Sb Sc
(4) Points Sba Sca ∩ Ab Ac , Sab Scb ∩ Ba Bc , Sac Sbc ∩ Ca Cb are collinear.
A
A A

Ba SabBa SabBa
Sac
Ca Ca Sac Ca

Sc Sb Sc
Sb
Ac I Ab Ac I Ab Ac I Ab

Sca Sba Sca Sba

Sa Scb Sbc Scb Sa Sbc
C B C B C B

Bc Cb Bc Cb Bc Cb
1.12.4(1) 1.12.4(2) 1.12.4(3)

24
 1.12.5. Consider a triangle ABC with the incenter I. Let the line through I and perpendicular to AI meet AB, AC
at Ab , Ac respectively. Similarly define Ba , Bc , Ca , Cb . Consider the symmedian points Sa , Sbc , Scb of IBc Cb , IBCb ,
ICBc . Similarly define Sb , Sc Sab , Sba , Sac , Sca .
(1) Triangle Sa Sb Sc is homothetic to the pedal triangle of I wrt ABC and I coincides with the centroid of Sa Sb Sc
(2) Circles (IBc Cb ), (IAc Ca ), (IAb Ba ) pairwise intersect at the common vertices of the circumcevian triangles of I,
Sa , Sb , Sc wrt respective triangles Sa Sb Sc , IBc Cb , IAc Ca , IAb Ba
(3) Lines Sbc Scb , Sac Sca , Sab Sba form a triangle which is perspective to ABC
(4) Lines Sba Sca , Sab Scb , Sac Sbc form a triangle which is homothetic to the pedal triangle of I wrt ABC and
perspective to XY Z, where X, Y , Z are the midpoints of AI, BI, CI
(5) Denote by A0 the intersection of Ab Sab , Ac Sac . Similarly define B 0 , C 0 . Then AA0 , BB 0 , CC 0 are concurrent.
A A A

X
Ca Ba
Ca Sac Ba Ca Sac Ba
Sab Sab
Sb
Ab
Sc Ab Ab
I
Ac I
I
Ac Sba Ac Sba
Z Y
C Sa B
Sca Sbc Sca Sbc
Scb Scb
Bc Cb C B C B

Bc Cb Bc Cb
1.12.5(1, 2) 1.12.5(4) 1.12.5(5)
1.12.6. Consider a triangle ABC with the incenter I. Let the incircle of ABC is tangent to its sides at A0 , B 0 , C 0 . Let
AA0 , BB 0 , CC 0 meet at G. Consider the second intersection points A00 , B 00 , C 00 of AA0 , BB 0 , CC 0 with the incircle of
ABC. Let the line through the symmedian points of AA00 B 0 , GA00 B 0 meet AC at Ab , similarly let the line through the
symmedian points of AA00 C 0 , GA00 C 0 meet AB at Ac . Consider the intersection point A1 of Ab Ac with BC, similarly
define B1 , C1 . Then A1 , B1 , C1 , G are collinear.

B1
Ac

Ab

C1

B0
A00

C0
I

C 00

B 00

C B
A1 A0

1.12.6

LIST OF PHRASES

25
 P – FERMAT POINTS – CIRCUMCENTERS
1.14.1. Let P denote one of the next centers of a triangle ABC – incenter I, circumcenter O, orthocenter H, Fermat
point F , or isodynamic point S. Consider the second Fermat points Fa , Fb , Fc of P BC, P AC, P AB.
Consider the circumcenters (and similar ones for each of the remaining vertices B, C)

Oa1 = A Oa4 of P Fb Fc Oa7 = P

Oa2 = Fa Oa5 of Fa BC Oa8 of ABC
Oa3 of P BC Oa6 of AFb Fc Oa9 of Fa Fb Fc

For numbers 1 ≤ n, m, k, l ≤ 9 we will wright the code

(n, k) if the triangles Oan Obn Ocn , Oak Obk Ock are perspective
(n, kl) if Oan Obn Ocn is perspective to the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obk Ock Oal , Oak Ock Obl , Oak Obk Ocl
respectively
(n, klm) if Oan Obn Ocn is perspective to the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Oak Oal Oam , Obk Obl Obm , Ock Ocl Ocm
respectively
(nm, kl) if the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obn Ocn Oam , Oan Ocn Obm , Oan Obn Ocm is perspective to the
triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obk Ock Oal , Oak Ock Obl , Oak Obk Ocl respectively
(nkl) if the circumcenters of Oan Oak Oal , Obn Obk Obl , Ocn Ock Ocl are collinear
We have the following properties-codes of the forms (n, k), (n, kl), (n, klm), (nm, kl), (nkl), respectively
(1) for P – Incenter
(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 6), (1, 12), (1, 15), (1, 17), (1, 18), (1, 37), (1, 38), (1, 51), (1, 58), (2, 27),
(2, 29), (2, 49), (2, 69), (3, 12), (3, 14), (3, 15), (3, 16), (3, 18), (3, 19), (3, 27), (3, 37), (3, 38), (4, 17), (4, 21), (4, 23),
(4, 24), (4, 25), (4, 26), (4, 28), (4, 29), (4, 47), (4, 49), (5, 14), (5, 15), (5, 16), (5, 17), (5, 18), (5, 19), (5, 51), (5, 52),
(5, 53), (5, 54), (5, 56), (5, 57), (5, 58), (5, 59), (6, 23), (6, 24), (6, 25), (6, 26), (6, 27), (6, 28), (6, 29), (6, 65), (6, 68),
(12, 51), (12, 52), (12, 53), (12, 54), (12, 56), (12, 57), (12, 58), (12, 59), (17, 27), (17, 37), (17, 38), (18, 38), (18, 58),
(19, 39), (21, 65), (21, 68), (27, 47), (27, 49), (29, 49), (38, 58), (49, 69), (1, 789), (2, 789), (3, 378), (3, 789), (4, 479),
(4, 789), (5, 789), (6, 789), (127), (138), (139), (158), (247), (249)
(2) for P – Circumcenter1
(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 6), (1, 12), (1, 15), (1, 17), (1, 21), (1, 27),
(1, 29), (1, 37), (1, 51), (1, 56), (1, 57), (1, 59), (2, 12), (2, 13), (2, 14), (2, 16), (2, 17), (2, 19), (2, 21), (2, 23), (2, 24),
(2, 25), (2, 26), (2, 27), (2, 29), (2, 37), (2, 49), (2, 59), (2, 67), (2, 69), (3, 12), (3, 13), (3, 14), (3, 15), (3, 16), (3, 19),
(3, 27), (3, 37), (3, 57), (3, 69), (4, 15), (4, 17), (4, 21), (4, 23), (4, 24), (4, 25), (4, 26), (4, 29), (4, 37), (4, 47), (4, 49),
(4, 51), (4, 57), (4, 67), (5, 13), (5, 14), (5, 15), (5, 16), (5, 17), (5, 19), (5, 29), (5, 37), (5, 51), (5, 52), (5, 53), (5, 54),
(5, 56), (5, 57), (5, 59), (5, 69), (6, 15), (6, 23), (6, 24), (6, 25), (6, 26), (6, 27), (6, 29), (6, 31), (6, 51), (6, 57), (6, 59),
(6, 65), (6, 67), (6, 69), (12, 29), (12, 37), (12, 51), (12, 52), (12, 53), (12, 54), (12, 56), (12, 57), (12, 59), (12, 69),
(13, 37), (13, 69), (14, 37), (14, 56), (14, 69), (15, 21), (15, 23), (15, 24), (15, 25), (15, 26), (15, 27), (15, 29), (15, 37),
(15, 49), (15, 59), (15, 67), (15, 69), (16, 37), (16, 69), (17, 27), (17, 37), (17, 57), (17, 69), (19, 37), (19, 49), (19, 69),
(21, 31), (21, 51), (21, 57), (21, 59), (21, 65), (21, 67), (21, 69), (24, 31), (24, 57), (25, 49), (27, 37), (27, 47), (27, 49),
(27, 51), (27, 57), (27, 67), (29, 49), (29, 51), (29, 59), (29, 69), (31, 51), (31, 67), (37, 57), (37, 69), (49, 56), (49, 69),
(51, 69), (3, 267), (4, 146), (4, 147), (4, 167), (4, 467), (4, 479), (127), (137), (149), (157), (169), (247), (259), (267)
(3) for P – Orthocenter
(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 6), (1, 12), (1, 15), (1, 17), (1, 18), (1, 31), (1, 32), (1, 34), (1, 35), (1, 36),
(1, 37), (1, 39), (1, 51), (1, 58), (2, 27), (2, 29), (2, 38), (2, 49), (2, 69), (3, 12), (3, 13), (3, 14), (3, 15), (3, 16), (3, 18),
(3, 19), (3, 27), (3, 37), (3, 38), (3, 58), (4, 17), (4, 21), (4, 23), (4, 24), (4, 25), (4, 26), (4, 28), (4, 29), (4, 47), (4, 49),
(5, 13), (5, 14), (5, 15), (5, 16), (5, 17), (5, 18), (5, 19), (5, 38), (5, 51), (5, 52), (5, 53), (5, 54), (5, 56), (5, 57), (5, 58),
(5, 59), (6, 23), (6, 24), (6, 25), (6, 26), (6, 27), (6, 28), (6, 29), (6, 65), (6, 68), (12, 38), (12, 51), (12, 52), (12, 53),
(12, 54), (12, 56), (12, 57), (12, 58), (12, 59), (13, 31), (13, 37), (15, 38), (17, 27), (17, 37), (17, 38), (17, 58), (18, 31),
(18, 37), (18, 38), (18, 58), (21, 65), (21, 68), (27, 47), (27, 49), (29, 49), (31, 51), (38, 51), (38, 58), (49, 69), (1, 178),
(1, 789), (2, 789), (3, 378), (3, 789), (4, 479), (4, 789), (5, 789), (6, 789), (127), (137), (138), (158), (247), (249)
(4) for P – Fermat point
(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 5), (4, 6), (1, 12), (1, 13), (1, 15), (1, 17), (1, 18), (1, 31), (1, 38), (1, 51),
(1, 57), (1, 58), (2, 27), (2, 29), (2, 49), (2, 57), (2, 69), (3, 12), (3, 13), (3, 14), (3, 16), (3, 18), (3, 19), (3, 27), (3, 31),
(3, 32), (3, 34), (3, 35), (3, 36), (3, 37), (3, 38), (3, 39), (3, 57), (4, 12), (4, 13), (4, 15), (4, 17), (4, 21), (4, 23), (4, 24),
(4, 25), (4, 26), (4, 28), (4, 29), (4, 47), (4, 49), (4, 57), (5, 14), (5, 15), (5, 16), (5, 17), (5, 18), (5, 19), (5, 27), (5, 51),
(5, 52), (5, 53), (5, 54), (5, 56), (5, 57), (5, 58), (5, 59), (6, 23), (6, 24), (6, 25), (6, 26), (6, 27), (6, 28), (6, 29), (6, 57),
(6, 65), (6, 68), (12, 27), (12, 51), (12, 52), (12, 53), (12, 54), (12, 56), (12, 57), (12, 58), (12, 59), (13, 27), (13, 51),
(13, 52), (13, 53), (13, 54), (13, 56), (13, 57), (13, 58), (13, 59), (14, 57), (15, 27), (15, 31), (15, 32), (15, 34), (15, 35),
(15, 36), (15, 37), (15, 38), (15, 39), (15, 57), (16, 57), (17, 27), (17, 31), (17, 32), (17, 34), (17, 35), (17, 36), (17, 37),
1O 7 O 7 O 7 = P = O 8 O 8 O 8 , so we will omit the codes with numbers 8 in the case when P – circumcenter.
a b c a b c

26
(17, 38), (17, 39), (17, 57), (18, 38), (18, 57), (18, 58), (19, 57), (21, 57), (21, 65), (21, 68), (23, 57), (24, 57), (25, 57),
(26, 57), (27, 47), (27, 49), (27, 57), (28, 57), (29, 49), (29, 57), (31, 51), (31, 57), (31, 58), (32, 57), (34, 57), (35, 47),
(35, 57), (36, 57), (37, 47), (37, 57), (38, 51), (38, 57), (38, 58), (39, 57), (41, 57), (42, 57), (43, 57), (45, 57), (46, 57),
(47, 57), (48, 57), (49, 57), (49, 69), (57, 61), (57, 62), (57, 63), (57, 64), (57, 65), (57, 67), (57, 68), (57, 69), (1, 157),
(1, 789), (2, 789), (3, 157), (3, 237), (3, 257), (3, 357), (3, 378), (3, 457), (3, 567), (3, 578), (3, 579), (3, 789), (4, 157),
(4, 237), (4, 479), (4, 789), (5, 157), (5, 789), (6, 789), (127), (137), (138), (158), (247), (249)
(5) for P – Isodynamic point2
(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 6), (1, 12), (1, 15), (1, 17), (1, 18), (1, 21), (1, 23),
(1, 24), (1, 25), (1, 26), (1, 27), (1, 28), (1, 38), (1, 47), (1, 51), (1, 57), (1, 58), (2, 17), (2, 27), (2, 47), (2, 67), (3, 12),
(3, 13), (3, 14), (3, 15), (3, 16), (3, 18), (3, 27), (3, 31), (3, 37), (3, 38), (3, 47), (3, 57), (3, 67), (4, 17), (4, 21), (4, 23),
(4, 24), (4, 25), (4, 26), (4, 28), (4, 47), (4, 58), (5, 13), (5, 14), (5, 15), (5, 16), (5, 17), (5, 18), (5, 42), (5, 51), (5, 52),
(5, 53), (5, 54), (5, 56), (5, 57), (5, 58), (6, 23), (6, 24), (6, 25), (6, 26), (6, 27), (6, 28), (6, 47), (6, 58), (6, 65), (6, 68),
(12, 42), (12, 51), (12, 52), (12, 53), (12, 54), (12, 56), (12, 57), (12, 58), (13, 42), (15, 38), (17, 27), (17, 31), (17, 37),
(17, 38), (17, 47), (17, 57), (17, 67), (18, 38), (18, 52), (18, 58), (21, 47), (21, 58), (21, 65), (21, 68), (23, 47), (23, 58),
(24, 47), (24, 58), (25, 47), (25, 58), (26, 47), (26, 58), (27, 47), (27, 58), (28, 38), (28, 47), (28, 58), (31, 51), (31, 57),
(37, 51), (37, 57), (38, 58), (42, 57), (47, 58), (47, 67), (3, 235), (3, 237), (3, 257), (3, 357), (3, 378), (127), (137), (138),
(157), (158), (238), (247), (258), (357).

LIST OF PHRASES

2O 7 O 7 O 7 = P = O 9 O 9 O 9 , so we will omit the codes with numbers 9 in the case when P – Isodynamic point.
a b c a b c

27
 INC – ISOGONAL CONJUGATIONS
1.16.1. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of I wrt ABC. Consider the isogonal
conjugations A1 , B1 , C1 of I wrt AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0 respectively. Also consider the isogonal conjugations A2 , B2 ,
C2 of A, B, C wrt IB 0 C 0 , IA0 C 0 , IA0 B 0 respectively.
(1) Isogonal conjugations I1 , I2 of I wrt A1 B1 C1 and A2 B2 C2 lie on the IO line of ABC (O is the circumcenter of
ABC), and I is the midpoint of I1 I2
(2) Triangles A1 B1 C1 , A2 B2 C2 have equal sides
(3) More generally, we can replace the cevian triangle A0 B 0 C 0 with any triangle A0 B 0 C 0 which is inscribed in ABC.
In this case, we also get |II1 | = |II2 | and A1 B1 C1 , A2 B2 C2 have equal sides.

I2
I1

A2 A1
C1
A A
C2
B2
B1
C0
0 O 0 I
B C
B0
I
C B
C B
A0 B2
A0 A2
A1

B1
I2

C1

I1 C2

1.16.1(1, 2) 1.16.1(3)

1.16.2. Let I, Ia , Ib , Ic be the incenter and A, B, C – excenters of a triangle ABC. For a point P on the plane
consider the isogonal conjugations Ia0 , Ib0 , Ic0 of Ia , Ib , Ic wrt P BC, P AC, P AB respectively. Then Ia Ia0 , Ib Ib0 , Ic Ic0 are
concurrent.
1.16.3. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of I wrt ABC. Consider
the intersections Ab , Ac of B 0 C 0 with AB, AC, respectively. Similarly define Ba , Bc , Ca , Cb . Consider the isogonal
conjugations Iab , Iac of I wrt AAb B 0 , AAc C 0 . Similarly define Iba , Ibc , Ica , Icb .
(1) Hexagon Iab Iac Ibc Iba Ica Icb is inscribed in a conic and has concurrent diagonals
Consider the isogonal conjugations Ia , I a of I wrt A0 Bc Cb , AAb Ac respectively.
(2) Ia Ib Ic ∼ A0 B 0 C 0 and I is the orthocenter of Ia Ib Ic
(3) Isogonal conjugation I 0 of I wrt I a I b I c lies on (ABC).

Iac
A A A

Iab
C0 C0 C0
Ab Ab Ab
Ac Ac Ac
B0 B0 B0 Ic

Ibc Ib Ia
Ca I Ba Ca I Ba Ca Ba
Ia
Ib
Icb Ic
I

C Cb Bc B C Cb Bc B C Cb Bc B

Ica I0
Iba
A0 A0 A0
1.16.3(1) 1.16.3(2) 1.16.3(3)

28
 1.16.4. Let I, O be the incenter and the circumcenter of a triangle ABC. For any points A1 , B1 , C1 on AI, BI, CI
let A2 , B2 , C2 be the isogonal conjugations of A1 , B1 , C1 wrt ABC also let I1 , I2 be the isogonal conjugations of I wrt
A1 B1 C1 , A2 B2 C2 respectively. Consider the intersection point V of IO and the perspective axis of A1 B1 C1 , A2 B2 C2 .
Let V be the point on IO, such that ∠I1 V I = ∠IV I2 .
(1) U , V are inverse points wrt circle (ABC)
For any line ` consider the intersection points A` , B` , C` of ` with AI, BI, CI and let A0` , B`0 , C`0 be the isogonal
conjugations of A` , B` , C` wrt ABC also let I` be the isogonal conjugation of I wrt A0` B`0 C`0 .
(2) For any two lines `1 , `2 which are symmetric wrt IO, the points I`1 , I`2 are also symmetric wrt IO
For any point P consider the projections AP , BP , CP of P on AI, BI, CI and let A0P , BP0 , CP0 be the isogonal
conjugations of AP , BP , CP wrt ABC also let IP be the isogonal conjugation of I wrt A0P BP0 CP0 .
(3) For any fixed line through I and a variable point P lying on this line, the point IP lies on a fixed line through O.
1.16.5. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the pedal triangle of I wrt ABC. Consider the
isogonal conjugations Ab , Ac of A0 wrt AIB, AIC respectively. Similarly define Ba , Bc , Ca , Cb . Consider the isogonal
conjugations Ia , Ib , Ic of I wrt AAb Ac , BBa Bc , CCa Cb . Then IIa Ib Ic is cyclic.
1.16.6. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC. Let P , Q be any two isogonal points wrt ABC. Consider the isogonal
conjugations A0 , B 0 , C 0 of A, B, C wrt IP Q. Let Pa Pb Pc Pi be the quadrilateral formed with the isogonal conjugations
of P wrt IB 0 C 0 , IA0 C 0 , IA0 B 0 , A0 B 0 C 0 and let Qa Qb Qc Qi be the quadrilateral formed with the isogonal conjugations of
Q wrt Pi Pb Pc , Pi Pa Pc , Pi Pa Pb , Pa Pb Pc . Similarly define Qa Qb Qc Qi and P a P b P c P i .
(1) Quadrilaterals A0 B 0 C 0 I, Pa Pb Pc Pi , Qa Qb Qc Qi , P a P b P c P i , Qa Qb Qc Qi are cyclic, and P a P b P c P i = Qa Qb Qc Qi
(2) Circles (A0 B 0 C 0 I), (Pa Pb Pc Pi ), (Qa Qb Qc Qi ), (P a P b P c P i ), (Qa Qb Qc Qi ) share the same radical line ` which is
tangent to the incircle of ABC.
A A A C0

`1
`2
I1
B0 A
A1 O C1 O 0 Qa
C Pc
Ib
B1 I`1
I I B0 Pa Pb
Ic
B2 I`2 Ab I
I Ia Q
C2 P
A2 A0
C I2 B C B
C B C B

V Ac 0
U A
1.16.4(1) 1.16.4(2) 1.16.5 1.16.6
1.16.7. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 , A1 B1 C1 be the cevian and the pedal triangle of I wrt
ABC. Consider the isogonal conjugations Iab , Iac of I wrt B1 C1 B 0 , B1 C1 C 0 , similarly define Iba , Ibc , Ica , Icb .
(1) Hexagon Iab Iac Ibc Iba Ica Icb is inscribed in a conic and its diagonals are concurrent at P
(2) Hexagon Iab Iac Ibc Iba Ica Icb is centrally symmetric and the midpoints of Iab Iac , Iba Ibc , Ica Icb lie on AI, BI, CI
0 0
Consider the isogonal conjugations Iab , Iac of I wrt B 0 C 0 B1 , B 0 C 0 C1 , similarly define Iba
0 0
, Ibc 0
, Ica 0
, Icb .
0 0 0 0 0 0
(3) Hexagon Iab Iac Ibc Iba Ica Icb is inscribed in a conic and its diagonals are concurrent at point P from the part (1)
0 0 0 0
(4) Lines Iab Iab , Iac Iac , . . ., Ica Ica , Icb Icb are concurrent at I
0 0 0 0 0 0
(5) The circumconics of the hexagons Iab Iac Ibc Iba Ica Icb , Iab Iac Ibc Iba Ica Icb are concurrent at two points U , V which
are symmetric wrt P .
A A A

0 0
Iac Iac
0 0
Iac Iab Iab
Iab
Iac
Iab
C0 C0 U
B0 C1 B0 C1 0
Ibc 0
Ibc
Ibc
I I I
B1 B1 Ibc
0 0
Icb Icb Icb
P P P
C B C B C V B
Icb
0 0 0 0
A1 A 0 Ica A1 A 0 Iba Ica Iba
Iba
Ica
1.16.7(1, 2)
1.16.7(3) Ica 1.16.7(4, 5) Iba

29
 1.16.8. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC. Denote by Ia the incenter of IBC and let ωa be its incircle. Similarly
define Ib , Ic , ωb , ωc .
(1) Define the points Ab , Ac , Ba , Bc , Ca , Cb as in 1.1.2(2). Consider the isogonal conjugations IA , IB , IC of I wrt
AAb Ac , BBa Bc , CCa Cb . Then the lines IIA , IIB , IIC meet the sides of ABC at the tangency points of ωa , ωb ,
ωc with BC, CA, AB, respectively.
Consider the cevian triangle A0 B 0 C 0 of I wrt ABC and let Iab , Iac be the incenters of IA0 B, IA0 C and ωab , ωac be their
incircles, respectively. Similarly define Ibc , ωbc , . . ., Icb , ωcb .
(2) Define the points Abb , Acc , Baa , Bcc , Caa , Cbb as in 1.1.2(6). Consider the isogonal conjugations IAA , IBB , ICC
of I wrt AAbb Acc , BBaa Bcc , CCaa Cbb . Then the lines IIAA , IIBB , IICC meet the respective sides of ABC at
three points which form a triangle perspective to ABC.
1.16.9. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A1 B1 C1 be the circumcevian triangle of I wrt ABC. Consider any
point P and let A2 B2 C2 be the circumcevian triangle of P wrt ABC. Consider the isogonal conjugations A01 , A02 of A1 ,
A2 wrt IBC, respectively. Similarly define B10 , B20 , C10 , C20 . Then the perpendicular bisectors of A01 A02 , B10 B20 , C10 C20 are
concurrent if and only if P lies on (ABC), or P lies on the OI line of ABC (O is the circumcenter of ABC).
A A A01
A
A02

C2
B1

C1

B2 C20
P I
I I O

C C10 B

IAA
C IA B C B B10
A2
Ac Ab Acc A0 Abb
A1
B20
1.16.8(1) 1.16.8(2) 1.16.9

LIST OF PHRASES

30
 INC – RADICAL LINES
1.20.1. Let the incircle of a triangle ABC is tangent to its sides at A0 , B 0 , C 0 . Consider the circles ωbc , ωcb which are
both tangent to BC, B 0 C 0 and also tangent to BC 0 , CB 0 respectively (ωbc is tangent to BC 0 and ωcb is tangent to CB 0 ).
Let ra be the radical line of ωbc and ωcb . Similarly define rb , rc . Then ra , rb , rc are concurrent.
1.20.2. Let I be the incenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of I wrt ABC. Consider the
intersection points Ab , Ac of a line through I and perpendicular to AI with AB, AC. Similarly define Ba , Bc , Ca , Cb .
Then the radical lines of pairs of circles (ABa Ca ), (C 0 Ab Ba ); (BAb Cb ), (A0 Bc Cb ); (CAc Bc ), (B 0 Ac Ca ) are concurrent.
A
A

C0

Ca Ba
B0

B0 Ab

C0 I
Ac

C Bc Cb B

C B

A0 A0

1.20.1 1.20.2
For any triangle ABC, its incenter I and orthocenter H it is true that I coincides with the orthocenter of the
circumcevian triangle of I wrt ABC and H coincides with the incenter of the circumcevian triangle of H wrt ABC.
Thus, theorems 4.5.3(1, 2) which belong to the phrase Orthocenters – INC – Radical lines can be equivalently
reinterpreted into the theorems from the current phrase.
LIST OF PHRASES

31
 CENTROIDS – ORTHOCENTERS
2.3.1. Let G be the centroid of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of G wrt ABC. Consider the
orthocenters Hab , Hac of GA0 B, GA0 C, similarly define Hba , Hbc , Hca , Hcb .
(1) Perspective axis of Hab Hbc Hca , Hac Hba Hcb coincides with the line GS (S is the symmedian point of ABC)
(2) The left intersection triangle Al Bl Cl of Hab Hbc Hca wrt Hac Hba Hcb coincides with the pedal triangle of the
symmedian point S of ABC wrt ABC. Vertices of the right intersection triangle Ar Br Cr of Hab Hbc Hca wrt
Hac Hba Hcb lie on the lines AG, BG, CG
Consider the orthocenters H ab , H ac of AA0 B, AA0 C, similarly define H ba , H bc , H ca , H cb .
(3) Perspective axis of H ab H bc H ca , H ac H ba H cb coincides with the line HS (H is the orthocenter of ABC)
(4) The right intersection triangle Ar B r C r of H ab H bc H ca wrt H ac H ba H cb coincides with Al Bl Cl from part (1).
The left intersection triangle Al B l C l of H ab H bc H ca wrt H ac H ba H cb is inscribed in ABC
(5) Points Al Bl Cl Ar Br Cr Al B l C l Ar B r C r lie on the same conic with center – the symmedian point S of ABC
(6) Areas of the triangles Hab Hbc Hca , Hac Hba Hcb , H ab H bc H ca , H ac H ba H cb are equal to the area of A0 B 0 C 0 .
A A A

Hba
B0 C0 B0 C0 B0 C0
Br Hca H ba
Cr Cr
Bl
Cr H ca Bl Br
G G
Bl Hbc Cl H bc Cl
Hcb H cb l
G H C
S
S S Cl
Hab
Ar H ab Ar
C B C B C B

A0 Al A0 Ar Al ac A0 Al Al
Hac H
2.3.1(1, 2) 2.3.1(3, 4) 2.3.1(5)

LIST OF PHRASES

32
 CENTROIDS – ORTHOCENTERS – CIRCUMCENTERS
2.4.1. Let G be the centroid of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of G wrt ABC. Consider the
orthocenters Hab , Hac of GA0 B, GA0 C, respectively. Similarly define Hba , Hbc , Hca , Hcb .
(1) Let Oa be the circumcenter of A0 Hab Hac , similarly define Ob , Oc . Consider the midpoints Ma , Mb , Mc of AG,
BG, CG. Then the midpoints Na , Nb , Nc of Ma Oa , Mb Ob , Mc Oc and the point G lie on the same circle
Consider the orthocenter Haa of A0 Hab Hac , similarly define Hbb , Hcc .
(2) Let Oa0 be the circumcenter of Haa Hab Hac , similarly define Ob0 , Oc0 . Then the midpoints Na0 , Nb0 , Nc0 of Ma Oa0 ,
Mb Ob0 , Mc Oc0 lie on the same line
(3) Lines passing through the respective vertices of the triangles Oa Ob Oc , Oa0 Ob0 Oc0 and parallel to AG, BG, CG are
concurrent at two points
(4) If H ab , H ac , H aa are the orthocenters of AA0 B, AA0 C, A0 H ab H ac and Oa , Oa0 denote the circumcenters of
A0 H ab H ac , H aa H ab H ac , then the lines passing through the respective vertices of the triangles Oa Ob Oc , Oa0 Ob0 Oc0
and parallel to AG, BG, CG are concurrent at two points.
A A A

Ma Ma

Oc0
B0 C0 B0 C0 Ob0B 0
Nc0 C0
Oc
G G G
Na Na0 Ob

Nc Nb0
Nb
Hac Hac

C B C B C B
0
Oa Oa
A0 A0Haa 0
0 A
Oa Oa
Hab Hab
2.4.1(1) 2.4.1(2) 2.4.1(3)

LIST OF PHRASES

33
 CENTROIDS – ORTHOCENTERS – RADICAL LINES
2.5.1. Let G be the centroid of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of G wrt ABC. Consider the
orthocenters Hab , Hac of GA0 B, GA0 C, respectively. Similarly define Hba , Hbc , Hca , Hcb .
(1) Radical line of (Hab Hbc Hca ), (Hac Hba Hcb ) passes through G
Consider the orthocenters H ab , H ac of AA0 B, AA0 C, respectively. Similarly define H ba , H bc , H ca , H cb .
(2) Radical line of (H ab H bc H ca ), (H ac H ba H cb ) passes through the orthocenter H of ABC
(3) Radical lines of pairs of circles (A0 Hab Hac ), (A0 H ab H ac ); (B 0 Hba Hbc ), (B 0 H ba H bc ); (C 0 Hca Hcb ), (C 0 H ca H cb )
are concurrent
Consider the orthocenters Haa , H aa of A0 Hab Hac , A0 H ab H ac , respectively. Similarly define Hbb , H bb , Hcc , H cc .
(4) Radical lines of pairs of circles (Haa Hab Hac ), (H aa H ab H ac ); (Hbb Hba Hbc ), (H bb H ba H bc ); (Hcc Hca Hcb ),
(H cc H ca H cb ) are concurrent.
A
A
A

H cb

H ca B0 C0
B0 C0

H ba G G
B0 C0 H bc
Hba H
Hca Hac
Hbc
G Hcb
C A0 B C A0 B
H ac H ac

Hac
C A0 B
Hab H ab Hab

2.5.1(1) 2.5.1(2) H ab 2.5.1(3)

Hba
B0 Hca C0

B0 C0

G G
Hcb
Hac Hbc
H ac
C A0 B
Hac
C B
aa Haa
H
Hab

Hab
A0
H ab
2.5.1(4) 2.5.2

2.5.2. Let G be the centroid of a triangle ABC. Consider the points A0 , B 0 , C 0 on the lines AG, BG, CG, such that
A0 B 0 C 0 is homothetic to ABC. Consider the orthocenters Hab , Hac of GA0 B, GA0 C, respectively. Similarly define Hba ,
Hbc , Hca , Hcb . Then the radical line of (Hab Hbc Hca ), (Hac Hba Hcb ) passes through G.
Remark. The previous theorem is a generalization of Theorem 2.5.1(1).

LIST OF PHRASES

34
 CENTROIDS – SYMMEDIAN POINTS
2.6.1. Let G be the centroid of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of G wrt ABC. Consider the
symmedian points Sa , Sb , Sc of GBC, GAC, GAB. Then Sa Sb Sc is perspective to both A0 B 0 C 0 and the cevian triangle
of G wrt A0 B 0 C 0 .
2.6.2. Let G be the centroid of a triangle ABC. Consider the points A0 , B 0 , C 0 on the lines AG, BG, CG, such that
A0 B 0 C 0 is homothetic to ABC. Consider the line `a through the symmedian points of GBC 0 , GCB 0 , similarly define `b ,
`c . Let the lines `A , `b , `c form a triangle A1 B1 C1 . Then the triangles ABC, A1 B1 C1 are G-homothetically perspective,
and G is their common centroid.
A A
A

B0 C0

B0 C0 B0 C0

Sb Sb
G Sc G Sc
C B

Sa Sa
C B C B

0 0
A A
A0
2.6.1(Part 1) 2.6.1(Part 2) 2.6.2

LIST OF PHRASES

35
 CENTROIDS – INC
2.1.1. Let G be the centroid of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of G wrt ABC. Let la be the
perpendicular bisector of a segment between the incenters of GBC1 , GCB1 . Similarly define lb , lc . Then la , lb , lc are
concurrent.

CENTROIDS – CIRCUMCENTERS
2.2.1. See Van Lamoen Theorem.

CENTROIDS – FERMAT POINTS – CIRCUMCENTERS

Note that in the theorem 4.12.1(1, 2) from the phrase Orthocenters – Fermat points – Circumcenters it is
possible to replace the orthocenter H of ABC with the centroid G of ABC and still get the correct result that belong to
the current phrase.

CIRCUMCENTERS – EULER REFLECTION POINTS

See the phrases P – Euler reflection points and P – Circumcenters – Euler reflection points.
LIST OF PHRASES

36
 CIRCUMCENTERS – ORTHOCENTERS
3.1.1. Let O be the circumcenter of a triangle ABC. Consider the orthocenters Ha , Hb , Hc , Haa , Hbb , Hcc of OBC,
OAC, OBC, OHb Hc , OHa Hc , OHa Hb , respectively. Let H a be the orthocenter of a triangle formed with the lines BC,
Hb Hc , Hbb Hcc . Similarly define H b , H c .
(1) H a H b H c ∼ ABC (these two triangles are oppositely similar)
(2) Lines Haa H a , Hbb H b , Hcc H c are concurrent at O.
Ha
A
Haa

Hb
Ha

O
Hcc Hc Hb

C B

Hc Hbb
3.1.1(1, 2)
3.1.2. Consider any triangle ABC and a point P . Let OOa Ob Oc be the circumcenter quadrilateral of P ABC. Consider
the orthocenter quadrilateral Hp Ha Hb Hc of OOa Ob Oc . Then there exists a hexagon P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 which is inscribed
in each of the quadrilaterals P ABC, OOa Ob Oc , Hp Ha Hb Hc (the term inscribed here means that Pi lies on the side or
diagonal of each of these quadrilaterals).

LIST OF PHRASES

37
 CIRCUMCENTERS – ORTHOCENTERS – CIRCUMCENTERS
3.2.1. Let O be the circumcenter of a triangle ABC. Consider the orthocenters Ha , Hb , Hc of OBC, OCA, OAB. Let
Oa be the circumcenter of OAHa , similarly define Ob , Oc . Then the midpoints of AOa , BOb , COc lie on the line passing
through the nine-point center of the medial triangle of ABC and perpendicular to the Euler line of ABC. Moreover, the
circles with diameters AOa , BOb , COc are coaxial and their common radical line coincides with the Euler line of ABC.
A

Ha

Oa

O
H
Hb

C B

Hc
Ob

3.2.1

3.2.2. Let O be the circumcenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of O wrt ABC. Consider the
orthocenters Hab , Hac , H ab , H ac of OA0 B, OA0 C, AA0 B, AA0 C, respectively. Similarly define Hba , H ba , . . ., Hcb , H cb .
(1) Consider the circumcenter Oa of A0 Hab Hac , similarly define Ob , Oc . Then the lines passing through the respective
vertices of the triangle Oa Ob Oc and parallel to AO, BO, CO are concurrent
(2) Consider the circumcenter Oa of A0 H ab H ac , similarly define Ob , Oc . Then ABC, Oa Ob Oc are perspective
0 0 0
Let OA , OA be the circumcenters of OHbc Hcb , OHba Hca , similarly define OB , OC , OB , OC .
(3) Triangles ABC, OA OB OC are perspective
0 0 0
(4) Triangles ABC, OA OB OC are perspective.
A A
A

0
OA

C0 C0
Ob OA Hca
C0 0 0
0 B B
B
Oc Oc Hba Hcb
Ob O O
O Hbc

OC
Hab
0
Hab OB OB
C B ab
H
0
OC
C B C B
A0 Oa

A0 A0 Hac
Hac O a H ac

3.2.2(1) 3.2.2(2) 3.2.2(3, 4)

LIST OF PHRASES

38
 CIRCUMCENTERS – NPC
3.3.1. Let O be the circumcenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of O wrt ABC. Consider
the nine-point centers N , N 0 of ABC, A0 B 0 C 0 .
Consider the nine-point centers (and similar ones for each of the remaining vertices B, C)
Na1 of OBC
Na2 of OB 0 C 0
Na3 of AB 0 C 0
Na4 of A0 BC
Define the points Nai , i = 4, . . . , 9 in the following way (and similar ones for each of the remaining vertices B, C)

Na5 = A Na6 = A0 Na7 = O Na8 = N Na9 = N 0

For numbers 1 ≤ n, m, k, l ≤ 8 we will wright the code

(n, k) if the triangles Nan Nbn Ncn , Nak Nbk Nck are perspective
(n, kl) if Nan Nbn Ncn is perspective to the triangle formed with the nine-point centers of Nbk Nck Nal , Nak Nck Nbl ,
Nak Nbk Ncl respectively
(nm, kl) if the triangle formed with the nine-point centers of Nbn Ncn Nam , Nan Ncn Nbm , Nan Nbn Ncm is perspective to
the triangle formed with the nine-point centers of Nbk Nck Nal , Nak Nck Nbl , Nak Nbk Ncl respectively
(n, klm) if Nan Nbn Ncn is perspective to the triangle formed with the nine-point centers of Nak Nal Nam , Nbk Nbl Nbm ,
Nck Ncl Ncm respectively
(nkl) if the nine-point centers of Nan Nak Nal , Nbn Nbk Nbl , Ncn Nck Ncl are collinear
We have the following properties-codes of the forms (n, k), (n, kl), (nm, kl), (n, klm), (nkl)
(1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 6), (1, 38), (1, 39), (1, 48), (1, 49), (1, 51), (1, 52), (1, 56),
(1, 61), (1, 62), (1, 67), (2, 38), (2, 39), (2, 48), (2, 49), (2, 51), (2, 52), (2, 57), (2, 61), (2, 62), (2, 65), (3, 18), (3, 29),
(3, 37), (3, 38), (3, 43), (3, 47), (3, 48), (3, 49), (3, 54), (3, 56), (3, 63), (3, 64), (3, 67), (4, 18), (4, 29), (4, 34), (4, 37),
(4, 38), (4, 39), (4, 47), (4, 49), (4, 53), (4, 54), (4, 57), (4, 63), (4, 65), (5, 18), (5, 29), (5, 34), (5, 38), (5, 39), (5, 43),
(5, 45), (5, 48), (5, 49), (5, 56), (5, 58), (5, 65), (5, 68), (6, 18), (6, 29), (6, 34), (6, 36), (6, 38), (6, 39), (6, 43), (6, 48),
(6, 49), (6, 56), (6, 59), (6, 65), (6, 69), (12, 21), (12, 38), (12, 49), (13, 18), (13, 24), (13, 38), (13, 49), (14, 23), (14, 38),
(14, 49), (15, 26), (15, 38), (15, 49), (16, 25), (16, 38), (16, 49), (17, 18), (17, 27), (17, 38), (17, 49), (18, 29), (18, 38),
(18, 43), (18, 48), (18, 49), (18, 56), (18, 65), (19, 28), (19, 38), (19, 39), (19, 49), (21, 38), (21, 49), (23, 38), (23, 49),
(24, 29), (24, 38), (24, 49), (25, 38), (25, 49), (26, 38), (26, 49), (27, 29), (27, 38), (27, 49), (28, 38), (28, 48), (28, 49),
(29, 34), (29, 38), (29, 39), (29, 49), (29, 56), (29, 65), (31, 32), (31, 37), (31, 38), (31, 39), (31, 42), (31, 46), (31, 49),
(31, 54), (31, 59), (31, 64), (31, 69), (32, 37), (32, 38), (32, 41), (32, 46), (32, 49), (32, 54), (32, 59), (32, 64), (32, 69),
(34, 38), (34, 39), (34, 43), (34, 48), (34, 49), (34, 56), (35, 38), (35, 41), (35, 42), (35, 46), (35, 47), (35, 49), (35, 53),
(35, 58), (35, 63), (35, 68), (36, 38), (36, 45), (36, 49), (36, 54), (36, 63), (36, 69), (37, 38), (37, 46), (37, 47), (37, 49),
(37, 54), (37, 56), (37, 58), (37, 59), (37, 63), (37, 64), (37, 65), (37, 69), (38, 39), (38, 41), (38, 42), (38, 43), (38, 45),
(38, 46), (38, 47), (38, 48), (38, 51), (38, 52), (38, 53), (38, 54), (38, 56), (38, 57), (38, 58), (38, 59), (38, 61), (38, 62),
(38, 63), (38, 64), (38, 65), (38, 67), (38, 68), (38, 69), (39, 43), (39, 48), (39, 49), (39, 56), (39, 57), (39, 67), (41, 42),
(41, 47), (41, 49), (41, 53), (41, 58), (41, 63), (41, 68), (42, 47), (42, 48), (42, 49), (42, 53), (42, 58), (42, 63), (42, 68),
(43, 48), (43, 49), (43, 65), (45, 49), (45, 54), (45, 58), (45, 63), (46, 49), (46, 54), (46, 59), (46, 64), (46, 69), (47, 49),
(47, 53), (47, 54), (47, 56), (47, 58), (47, 63), (47, 65), (47, 68), (47, 69), (48, 49), (48, 57), (48, 65), (48, 67), (49, 51),
(49, 52), (49, 53), (49, 54), (49, 56), (49, 57), (49, 58), (49, 59), (49, 61), (49, 62), (49, 63), (49, 64), (49, 65), (49, 67),
(49, 68), (49, 69), (51, 52), (51, 57), (51, 61), (51, 62), (51, 67), (52, 57), (52, 61), (52, 62), (52, 67), (53, 56), (53, 58),
(53, 63), (53, 64), (53, 68), (54, 56), (54, 59), (54, 63), (54, 64), (54, 65), (54, 69), (56, 57), (56, 63), (56, 65), (57, 61),
(57, 62), (57, 67), (58, 63), (58, 68), (58, 69), (59, 64), (59, 68), (59, 69), (61, 62), (61, 67), (62, 67), (63, 65), (63, 68),
(64, 65), (64, 69), (65, 67), (1, 148), (2, 239), (5, 358), (6, 469), (178), (279), (345), (346), (348), (349), (356), (378),
(389), (456), (479), (489), (568), (569).

LIST OF PHRASES

39
 ORTHOCENTERS
4.1.1. Let A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of a point P wrt a triangle ABC. Consider the orthocenters Hab , Hac , H ab ,
H ac of P A0 B, P A0 C, AA0 B, AA0 C, respectively. Similarly define Hba , H ba , . . ., Hcb , H cb . Consider the orthocenters
Haa , H aa of A0 Hab Hac , A0 H ab H ac , similarly define Hbb , Hcc , H bb , H cc .
(1) Points Haa H aa Hbb H bb Hcc H cc lie on the same conic
(2) Lines passing through the respective vertices of the triangles Haa Hbb Hcc , H aa H bb H cc and parallel to AP , BP ,
CP are concurrent at two points, the first of which coincides with the orthocenter H of ABC
(3) Vertices of the right and left intersection triangles of Haa Hbb Hcc wrt H aa H bb H cc lie on the lines AP , BP , CP .

A A A

Hbb Hcc Hba

cc
C 0 cc H
Hca
H
B0 Hbb

Hcc Hab
P P
Hac
H bb H bb H
Ac Ab
H
C B
Hac
H ac A0
C A0 B H aa
A0 Haa C B

H aa Haa Hbc Hcb

H ab Hab 4.1.1(1, 2) 4.1.1(3) 4.1.2

4.1.2. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC. Let the line through H and parallel to BC meet AB, AC at Ab ,
Ac , respectively. Consider the intersection point A0 of BAc , CAb . Let Hab , Hac be the orthocenters of A0 Ab B, A0 Ac C.
Similarly define Hba , Hbc , Hca , Hcb .
(1) Points Hab Hac Hba Hbc Hca Hcb lie on the same conic
(2) Lines Hab Hac , Hba Hbc , Hca Hcb form a triangle with vertices lying on AH, BH, CH.
4.1.3. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Consider the
orthocenters Ha , Hb , Hc , Hs of AB 0 C 0 , BC 0 A0 , CA0 B 0 , Ha Hb Hc .
Consider the orthocenters (and similar ones for each of the remaining vertices B, C)

Ha1 = A Ha4 of HB 0 C 0 Ha7 = BC ∩ B 0 C 0 Ha10 of A0 B 0 C 0

Ha2 = A0 Ha5 of AHa H Ha8 of HHb Hc Ha11 = Hs
Ha3 = Ha Ha6 of AHa Hs Ha9 = H

For numbers 1 ≤ n, m, k, l ≤ 11 we will wright the code

(n, k) if the triangles Han Hbn Hcn , Hak Hbk Hck are perspective
(n, kl) if Han Hbn Hcn is perspective to the triangle formed with the orthocenters of Hbk Hck Hal , Hak Hck Hbl , Hak Hbk Hcl
respectively
(nm, kl) if the triangle formed with the orthocenters of Hbn Hcn Ham , Han Hcn Hbm , Han Hbn Hcm is perspective to the
triangle formed with the orthocenters of Hbk Hck Hal , Hak Hck Hbl , Hak Hbk Hcl respectively
(n, klm) if Han Hbn Hcn is perspective to the triangle formed with the orthocenters of triangles Hak Hal Ham , Hbk Hbl Hbm ,
Hck Hcl Hcm respectively
(nkl) if the orthocenters of Han Hak Hal , Hbn Hbk Hbl , Hcn Hck Hcl are collinear
(nk, l) if the triangle formed with lines Han Hak , Hbn Hbk , Hcn Hck is perspective to Hal Hbl Hcl
We have the following properties-codes of the forms (n, k), (n, kl), (nm, kl), (n, klm), (nkl), (nk, l)
(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 8), (1, 21), (1, 24), (1, 29), (1, 210), (1, 211), (1, 31), (1, 32), (1, 38), (1, 311),
(1, 41), (1, 42), (1, 71), (1, 72), (1, 79), (1, 81), (1, 83), (2, 19), (2, 111), (2, 21), (2, 23), (2, 24), (2, 32), (2, 38), (2, 310),
(2, 311), (2, 42), (2, 59), (2, 71), (2, 72), (2, 710), (2, 711), (2, 82), (2, 83), (3, 13), (3, 14), (3, 19), (3, 111), (3, 23),
(3, 24), (3, 29), (3, 210), (3, 211), (3, 31), (3, 32), (3, 38), (3, 42), (3, 43), (3, 49), (3, 59), (3, 73), (3, 83), (4, 13), (4, 14),
(4, 19), (4, 21), (4, 23), (4, 24), (4, 28), (4, 32), (4, 34), (4, 38), (4, 39), (4, 311), (4, 42), (4, 74), (4, 83), (4, 84), (5, 24),
(5, 38), (5, 42), (5, 75), (5, 83), (6, 24), (6, 38), (6, 42), (6, 76), (6, 83), (7, 24), (7, 38), (7, 42), (7, 83), (8, 18), (8, 24),
(8, 28), (8, 29), (8, 34), (8, 38), (8, 42), (8, 48), (8, 78), (8, 83), (13, 14), (13, 21), (13, 24), (13, 29), (13, 32), (13, 38),
(13, 311), (13, 42), (13, 83), (14, 21), (14, 24), (14, 29), (14, 32), (14, 38), (14, 311), (14, 42), (14, 83), (15, 24), (15, 38),
(15, 42), (15, 83), (16, 24), (16, 38), (16, 42), (16, 83), (18, 24), (18, 38), (18, 39), (18, 42), (18, 83), (19, 21), (19, 24),
(19, 29), (19, 210), (19, 211), (19, 31), (19, 32), (19, 38), (19, 311), (19, 41), (19, 42), (19, 71), (19, 72), (19, 79), (19, 81),
(19, 83), (110, 24), (110, 38), (110, 42), (110, 49), (110, 83), (111, 21), (111, 24), (111, 210), (111, 38), (111, 311), (111, 42),
40
(111, 43), (111, 49), (111, 83), (21, 111), (21, 23), (21, 24), (21, 29), (21, 210), (21, 211), (21, 31), (21, 32), (21, 38),
(21, 42), (21, 43), (21, 49), (21, 59), (21, 73), (21, 83), (23, 24), (23, 29), (23, 210), (23, 211), (23, 31), (23, 32), (23, 38),
(23, 311), (23, 41), (23, 42), (23, 71), (23, 72), (23, 79), (23, 81), (23, 83), (24, 25), (24, 26), (24, 28), (24, 29), (24, 210),
(24, 211), (24, 31), (24, 32), (24, 34), (24, 35), (24, 36), (24, 37), (24, 39), (24, 310), (24, 311), (24, 41), (24, 43), (24, 45),
(24, 46), (24, 47), (24, 48), (24, 49), (24, 410), (24, 411), (24, 51), (24, 52), (24, 53), (24, 54), (24, 56), (24, 57), (24, 58),
(24, 59), (24, 510), (24, 511), (24, 61), (24, 62), (24, 63), (24, 64), (24, 65), (24, 67), (24, 68), (24, 69), (24, 610), (24, 611),
(24, 72), (24, 73), (24, 74), (24, 75), (24, 76), (24, 78), (24, 710), (24, 81), (24, 82), (24, 84), (24, 85), (24, 86), (24, 87),
(24, 89), (24, 810), (24, 811), (25, 38), (25, 42), (25, 83), (26, 38), (26, 42), (26, 83), (28, 29), (28, 34), (28, 38), (28, 39),
(28, 42), (28, 83), (29, 32), (29, 34), (29, 38), (29, 39), (29, 311), (29, 42), (29, 74), (29, 83), (29, 84), (210, 32), (210, 38),
(210, 310), (210, 311), (210, 42), (210, 59), (210, 71), (210, 72), (210, 710), (210, 711), (210, 82), (210, 83), (211, 31), (211, 38),
(211, 310), (211, 311), (211, 42), (211, 83), (31, 211), (31, 32), (31, 38), (31, 311), (31, 42), (31, 83), (32, 38), (32, 310),
(32, 311), (32, 42), (32, 83), (34, 38), (34, 39), (34, 42), (34, 83), (35, 38), (35, 42), (35, 83), (36, 38), (36, 42), (36, 83),
(37, 38), (37, 42), (37, 83), (38, 39), (38, 310), (38, 311), (38, 41), (38, 43), (38, 45), (38, 46), (38, 47), (38, 48), (38, 49),
(38, 410), (38, 411), (38, 51), (38, 52), (38, 53), (38, 54), (38, 56), (38, 57), (38, 58), (38, 59), (38, 510), (38, 511), (38, 61),
(38, 62), (38, 63), (38, 64), (38, 65), (38, 67), (38, 68), (38, 69), (38, 610), (38, 611), (38, 72), (38, 73), (38, 74), (38, 75),
(38, 76), (38, 78), (38, 710), (38, 81), (38, 82), (38, 84), (38, 85), (38, 86), (38, 87), (38, 89), (38, 810), (38, 811), (39, 42),
(39, 48), (39, 78), (39, 83), (310, 42), (310, 83), (311, 42), (311, 43), (311, 49), (311, 59), (311, 73), (311, 83), (41, 42),
(41, 83), (42, 43), (42, 45), (42, 46), (42, 47), (42, 48), (42, 49), (42, 410), (42, 411), (42, 51), (42, 52), (42, 53), (42, 54),
(42, 56), (42, 57), (42, 58), (42, 59), (42, 510), (42, 511), (42, 61), (42, 62), (42, 63), (42, 64), (42, 65), (42, 67), (42, 68),
(42, 69), (42, 610), (42, 611), (42, 71), (42, 72), (42, 73), (42, 74), (42, 75), (42, 76), (42, 78), (42, 79), (42, 711), (42, 81),
(42, 82), (42, 84), (42, 85), (42, 86), (42, 87), (42, 89), (42, 810), (42, 811), (43, 49), (43, 83), (45, 83), (46, 83), (47, 83),
(48, 83), (49, 83), (49, 89), (410, 83), (410, 89), (411, 83), (411, 89), (51, 83), (52, 83), (53, 83), (54, 83), (56, 83), (57, 83),
(58, 83), (59, 73), (59, 83), (510, 83), (511, 83), (61, 83), (62, 83), (63, 83), (64, 83), (65, 83), (67, 83), (68, 83), (69, 83),
(610, 83), (611, 83), (71, 83), (72, 83), (73, 83), (74, 83), (75, 83), (76, 83), (78, 83), (79, 83), (710, 83), (711, 83), (81, 83),
(82, 83), (83, 84), (83, 85), (83, 86), (83, 87), (83, 89), (83, 810), (83, 811), (1, 125), (1, 127), (1, 137), (1, 145), (1, 159),
(1, 179), (1, 1910), (1, 1911), (1, 11011), (1, 235), (1, 279), (1, 2710), (1, 2711), (1, 345), (1, 3511), (1, 479), (1, 5911),
(1, 7911), (2, 125), (2, 137), (2, 145), (2, 159), (2, 235), (2, 259), (2, 2710), (2, 2711), (2, 2910), (2, 2911), (2, 21011),
(2, 345), (2, 359), (2, 479), (2, 4910), (2, 5910), (2, 7911), (3, 127), (3, 237), (3, 247), (3, 279), (3, 2711), (3, 2910), (3, 359),
(3, 3710), (3, 3711), (3, 3910), (3, 3911), (3, 31011), (3, 5911), (3, 71011), (3, 8911), (4, 145), (4, 159), (4, 237), (4, 247),
(4, 2711), (4, 2910), (4, 345), (4, 359), (4, 4910), (4, 4911), (4, 41011), (5, 1211), (5, 1511), (5, 1911), (5, 2510), (5, 2910),
(5, 3511), (5, 3911), (5, 458), (5, 5910), (5, 5911), (5, 51011), (6, 6910), (6, 6911), (6, 61011), (7, 134), (7, 1911), (7, 7910),
(7, 71011), (8, 158), (8, 179), (8, 278), (8, 358), (8, 3911), (8, 8910), (8, 8911), (8, 81011), (123), (349), (3410), (7911),
(15, 1), (15, 2), (15, 3), (15, 4), (15, 8), (17, 1), (17, 2), (24, 2), (24, 4), (25, 3), (27, 2), (27, 3), (27, 4), (35, 1), (35, 2),
(35, 3), (35, 4), (37, 1), (37, 2), (45, 2), (47, 1), (47, 2), (57, 1), (57, 2), (67, 1), (67, 2), (78, 1), (78, 2).
For any triangle ABC, its incenter I and orthocenter H it is true that I coincides with the orthocenter of the
circumcevian triangle of I wrt ABC and H coincides with the incenter of the circumcevian triangle of H wrt ABC.
Thus, theorems 1.4.3(1, 2, 3) which belong to the phrase INC – Orthocenters can be equivalently reinterpreted into
the theorems from the current phrase.
LIST OF PHRASES

41
 ORTHOCENTERS – INC
4.2.1. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Consider the
cevian triangle A00 B 00 C 00 of H wrt A0 B 0 C 0 . Let Ia , Iab , Iac , Iab
0 0
, Iac , I ab , I ac be the incenters of the triangles AB 0 C 0 ,
0 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0
HA B, HA C, HA B , HA C , AA B , AA C , respectively. Similarly define Ib , Ic , . . ., Icb , I cb .
(1) Lines Ib Icb , Ic Ibc , AH are concurrent
0 0
(2) Lines Icb Iac , Ibc Iab , AH are concurrent
(3) Lines Iba Ica , Iab Icb , Iac Ibc form a triangle which is perspective to Ia Ib Ic
0 0
Consider the intersection point A1 of I ab Iab , I ac Iac , similarly define B1 , C1 .
(4) Triangles A1 B1 C1 , ABC are perspective.
A A

I ac
00 C0 C0
B0 A C0
A000 I ab
B0 I 0 Iac
Ibc H Icb ab A00
Icb C1
Ibc B0
Ic Ib B1
H H
C A 0
B C A0 A1
B C B
A0

4.2.1(1) 4.2.1(2) 4.2.1(4)

A
A

Ica
C0
Iba
Ic
B0 Ib H
Icb
Ibc H

Ia Iab
Iac
C B C B

A0
4.2.1(3) 4.2.2

4.2.2. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC. Consider the incircles ωa , ωb , ωc of HBC, HAC, HAB. Let `a ,
`0a be the common external tangents of ωb , ωc , where A, ωb , ωc lie on the same half plane wrt `a and similarly for `b , `c .
(1) Lines `a , `b , `c form a triangle homothetic to ABC
(2) Lines `0a , `0b , `0c form a triangle which vertices lie on the lines AH, BH, CH.
4.2.3. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Let lA be the line
through the incenters (or A – excenters) of AA0 B and AA0 C. Similarly define lB , lC . Then the triangle formed by lA ,
lB , lC is perspective to ABC.
4.2.4. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Consider any
point P and let Ia , Ib , Ic be the incenters of P BC, P AC, P AB. Then AIa , BIb , CIc are concurrent.

LIST OF PHRASES

42
 ORTHOCENTERS – INC – CIRCUMCENTERS
4.3.1. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Consider incenters
Ia , Iab , Iac of HBC, HA0 B, HA0 C. Similarly define Ib , Ic , . . ., Icb . Consider the circumcenters Oa , Oa0 of HIab Iac ,
Ia Iab Iac . Similarly define Ob , Oc , Ob0 , Oc0 .
(1) Triangle Oa Ob Oc is orthologic to both ABC and A0 B 0 C 0
(2) Triangle Oa0 Ob0 Oc0 is orthologic to A0 B 0 C 0 .

A A A

Ica Ica Ica Oc0

C0 C0 C0
Iba Iba Ob0 Iba
0 0 Oc Ic
B B B0
Ob Icb Ob
H Oc H Ib H
Ibc
Icb Icb
Iac Iab Ibc Ibc Ia
C Oa B C Oa I B C Iab B
Iac ab Iac
A0 A0 A0
4.3.1(1) 4.3.1(1) 0
Oa
4.3.1(2)

LIST OF PHRASES

43
 ORTHOCENTERS – INC – ISOGONAL CONJUGATIONS
4.4.1. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Consider the
incenters I a , Ia , Iab , Iac of AB 0 C 0 , HB 0 C 0 , HAB 0 , HAC 0 , respectively. Let Ha , A1 be the isogonal conjugations of H,
A wrt Ia Iab Iac , I a Iab Iac , respectively. Similarly define Hb , Hc , B1 , C1 .
(1) Triangles Ha Hb Hc and ABC are perspective
(2) Lines B 0 C1 , C 0 B1 , A0 B1 , B 0 A1 , A0 C1 , C 0 A1 form a convex hexagon which three vertices (different from A1 , B1 ,
C1 ) lie on AA0 , BB 0 , CC 0 . A

Ia

Iac
Ha C0 Iac
Iab C0
Iab B 0 A1
B0 Ia
Ibc
H H Ibc
Icb Icb
Ib B1
C1
Hc Hb
Ic Ib
Ic
Iba Ica Iba
Ica

C B C B

0 0
A A
4.4.1(1) 4.4.1(2)

LIST OF PHRASES

44
 ORTHOCENTERS – INC – RADICAL LINES
4.5.1. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Consider the
incenters Ia , Iab , Iac of HBC, HA0 B, HA0 C. Similarly define Ib , Ic , Ibc , Icb , Iba , Ica . Then the radical lines of pairs
of circles (AB 0 C 0 ), (Ia Iab Iac ); (BA0 C 0 ), (Ib Iba Ibc ); (CA0 B 0 ), (Ic Ica Icb ) form a triangle which is perspective to ABC.
4.5.2. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Consider the
incircles ωab , ωac of HA0 B, HA0 C. Similarly define ωba , ωbc , ωca , ωcb .
(1) Let the circle ω1 is internally tangent to ωab , ωbc , ωca . Let the circle ω2 is internally tangent to ωac , ωba , ωcb .
Then H lies on the radical line of ω1 and ω2
Consider the midpoint Mab between the incenter and H – excenter of HA0 B. Similarly define Mac , Mba , Mbc , Mca , Mcb
(2) H lies on the radical line of (Mab Mbc Mca ), (Mac Mba Mcb ).

A A
A

C0 C0
C0 B0
H
B0
B0
H H C B

0
A
C B C B
Iac Ia Iab
A0 A0
4.5.1 4.5.2(1) 4.5.2(2)
4.5.3. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Consider
the incenter (or the H – excenter) IAB of AHB 0 , and let (IAB ) be the incircle (or excircle) itself. Similarly define IBA ,
IBC , . . ., ICA and (IBA ), (IBC ), . . ., (ICA ). Let the circle ω1 is externally (or internally in the excircle case) tangent to
(IAB ), (IBC ), (ICA ). Let the circle ω2 is externally (or internally in the excircle case) tangent to (IAC ), (IBA ), (ICB ).
(1) Point H lies on the radical line of (IAB IBC ICA ) and (IBA ICB IAC )
(2) Point H lies on the radical line of ω1 and ω2 .
B0 A B0 A

IAB

IAC
ICB C0 C0

H H
IBC

C ICA IBA B C B

A0 A0

4.5.3(1) 4.5.3(2)

LIST OF PHRASES

45
 ORTHOCENTERS – . . .
For any triangle ABC, its incenter I and orthocenter H it is true that I coincides with the orthocenter of the
circumcevian triangle of I wrt ABC and H coincides with the incenter of the circumcevian triangle of H wrt ABC.
Thus, theorems which belong to the phrases
INC – NPC
INC – NPC – Circumcenters
INC – Isogonal conjugations
and are involving the circumcevian triangle A0 B 0 C 0 of the incenter I wrt ABC can be equivalently reinterpreted into the
theorems from the phrases
Orthocenters – NPC
Orthocenters – NPC – Circumcenters
Orthocenters – Isogonal conjugations
respectively.
LIST OF PHRASES

46
 ORTHOCENTERS – NPC – RADICAL LINES
4.9.1. Let A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of a point P wrt a triangle ABC. Consider the orthocenters Hab , Hac , H ab ,
H ac of P A0 B, P A0 C, AA0 B, AA0 C, respectively. Similarly define Hba , H ba , . . ., Hcb , H cb . Consider the radical line `a
of the nine-point circles of A0 Hab Hac , A0 H ab H ac , similarly define `b , `c .
(1) `a , `b , `c are concurrent
(2) Lines through the vertices of ABC and parallel to `a , `b , `c are concurrent.

A A

B0 B0
C0 C0

P P

Hac Hac
H ac H ac

C B C B

0 0
A A
Hab Hab
H ab H ab
4.9.1(1) 4.9.1(2)

LIST OF PHRASES

47
 ORTHOCENTERS – FERMAT POINTS – CIRCUMCENTERS
4.11.1. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Consider the first
Fermat points Fab , Fac of HA0 B, HA0 C, similarly define Fba , Fbc , Fca , Fcb . Consider the circumcenter Oa of HFbc Fcb ,
similarly define Ob , Oc .
(1) AOa , BOb , COc are concurrent at the second Fermat point of ABC
(2) Lines through the vertices of Oa Ob Oc and parallel to AH, BH, CH are concurrent.
4.11.2. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 , A00 B 00 C 00 be the cevian and the circumcevian triangles
of H wrt ABC. Consider the first (second) Fermat points Fab , Fac of A0 A00 B, A0 A00 C. Similarly define Fba , Fbc , Fca ,
Fcb . Let Oa , Ob , Oc be the circumcenters of A00 Fab Fac , B 00 Fba Fbc , C 00 Fca Fcb . Then the lines Ha Oa , Hb Ob , Hc Oc form
an equilateral triangle.
Oa
A
A C 00

A Oc
Oa

Fac Fab
C0
Fca C 0
Fa

B 00
C0
F B0
B 0 ba Fcb
H Fba
H
B0
Fbc
H
Oc Fab Fb
Fac C A0 B Fca
Fc
Fac
C Fab
A0 B Ob
C
Oc
B
Ob
Oa
Fcb A0
A00
Fbc
4.11.1(1, 2) 4.11.2 4.11.3

4.11.3. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Consider the
first Fermat points Fa , Fb , Fc of AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0 . Let Fab , Fac be the second Fermat points of AC 0 Fa , AB 0 Fa ,
similarly define Fba , Fbc , Fca , Fcb . Consider the circumcenter Oa of Fa Fab Fac , similarly define Ob , Oc . Then Fa Oa ,
Fb Ob , Fc Oc are concurrent at the first Fermat point of Fa Fb Fc .
For other results that belong to the current phrase see also the phrase P – Fermat points – Circumcenters.
LIST OF PHRASES

48
 ORTHOCENTERS – FEUERBACH POINTS
4.13.1. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Consider the
tangent point Fa of the nine-point circle and the A0 – excircle of A0 B 0 C 0 (i.e. the external Feuerbach point of A0 B 0 C 0 ).
Also let F a be the tangent point of the nine-point circle and the A – excircle of AB 0 C 0 (i.e. the external Feuerbach point
of AB 0 C 0 ). Consider the intersection point La of Fa F a and B 0 C 0 , similarly define Lb , Lc . Then La Lb Lc is perspective
to ABC.
A

C0

Fa Fa

B0
H

C B

0
A
4.13.1

LIST OF PHRASES

49
ORTHOCENTERS – FEUERBACH POINTS – CIRCUMCENTERS
4.14.1. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Consider the
tangent point Fa of the nine-point circle of A0 B 0 C 0 with its A0 – excircle (i.e. the external Feuerbach point of A0 B 0 C 0 ).
Let F a be the tangent point of the nine-point circle of AB 0 C 0 with its A – excircle (i.e. the external Feuerbach point
of AB 0 C 0 ). Consider the degenerate triangle F a Fa Fa , with the sideline Fa Fa equal to the tangent line from Fa to the
nine-point circle of A0 B 0 C 0 . Similarly define F b Fb Fb , F c Fc Fc .
(1) Triangle Oa Ob Oc formed with the circumcenters of F a Fa Fa , F b Fb Fb , F c Fc Fc is perspective to A0 B 0 C 0
Consider the tangent point Fea of the nine-point circle of AB 0 C 0 with its incircle (i.e. the Feuerbach point of AB 0 C 0 ).
Denote by Fea Fa Fa the degenerate triangle with the sideline Fa Fa equal to the tangent line from Fa to the nine-point
circle of A0 B 0 C 0 . Similarly define Feb Fb Fb , Fec Fc Fc .
(2) Triangle Oa Ob Oc formed with the circumcenters of Fea Fa Fa , Feb Fb Fb , Fec Fc Fc is perspective to the triangle formed
with the incenters of AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0 .

Fea

Oa

C0
Fa

B0
H
Fb
Ob
Fc
Oc
Feb
Fec
C B
0
A

4.14.1(2)

4.14.2. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Consider the
tangent points Fa , Fab , Fac of the nine-point circles of A0 B 0 C 0 , AA0 B 0 , AA0 C 0 with the A0 , B 0 , C 0 – excircles of A0 B 0 C 0 ,
AA0 B 0 , AA0 C 0 , respectively (i.e. the external Feuerbach points of A0 B 0 C 0 , AA0 B 0 , AA0 C 0 ). Consider the circumcenter
Oa of Fa Fab Fac . Similarly define Ob , Oc . Let Ma , Mb , Mc be the midpoints of sides of ABC. Then the midpoints Na ,
Nb , Nc of Ma Oa , Mb Ob , Mc Oc are collinear.
A

Fac C0
Oa Fab
Fa
B0
Nc
H

Na
Nb
C B

A0 Ma

4.14.2

LIST OF PHRASES

50
ORTHOCENTERS – ISOGONAL CONJUGATIONS – CIRCUMCENTERS
4.16.1. Let given a triangle ABC and a point P . Consider the orthocenter H of ABC and let A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian
triangle of H wrt ABC (i.e. A0 B 0 C 0 is the orthic triangle of ABC). Consider the triangle 4H formed with the isogonal
conjugations of P wrt AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0 . Also consider the triangle 4H formed with the isogonal conjugations of
A, B, C wrt P B 0 C 0 , P A0 C 0 , P A0 B 0 , respectively. Let OH , OH be the circumcenters of 4H , 4H . Note that A is the
orthocenter of HBC, thus, it is possible to repeat the same process for HBC, its orthocenter A, and a point P and
construct points OA , OA in the same way. Similarly define OB , OC , OB , OC .
(1) Points OA , OB , OC , OH lie on the same line which goes through the isogonal conjugation P 0 of P wrt A0 B 0 C 0
(2) Points OA , OB , OC , OH lie on the same line which goes through P
(3) Two sets of collinear points OA OB OC OH P 0 and OA OB OC OH P form two similar degenerate polygons.
OB
A A

4H A

P OH
4H
B0 OC
B0 B0
C0
C0 C0
OH P
H H H
OB
OA

P P0
C B C B OC
C B
A 0
A 0 OA
A0
4.16.1(1) 4.16.1(2) 4.16.1(1, 2, 3)

LIST OF PHRASES

51
ORTHOCENTERS – ISOGONAL CONJUGATIONS – ORTHOCENTERS
4.17.1. Let given a triangle ABC and a point P . Consider the orthocenter H of ABC and let A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian
triangle of H wrt ABC (i.e. A0 B 0 C 0 is the orthic triangle of ABC). Consider the triangle 4H formed with the isogonal
conjugations of P wrt AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0 . Also consider the triangle 4H formed with the isogonal conjugations of
A, B, C wrt P B 0 C 0 , P A0 C 0 , P A0 B 0 , respectively. Let HH , H H be the orthocenters of 4H , 4H . Note that A is the
orthocenter of HBC, thus, it is possible to repeat the same process for HBC, its orthocenter A, and a point P and
construct points HA , H A in the same way. Similarly define HB , HC , H B , H C .
(1) Consider the cevian triangle A1 B1 C1 of HH wrt HA HB HC . Then A1 B1 C1 is perspective to A0 B 0 C 0
(2) Consider the cevian triangle A2 B2 C2 of H H wrt H A H B H C . Then A2 B2 C2 is perspective to A0 B 0 C 0 .

A A

4H HA

P
4H
HH
B0 B0 B0
C0 C0 B1 P C0
HH C1
H
H H
HC HH
P HB
A1
C B C B C B
A0
A0 A0

4.17.1(1) 4.17.1(2) 4.17.1(1)

LIST OF PHRASES

52
 ORTHOCENTERS – EULER LINES
4.18.1. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Consider
the intersections Ab , Ac of B 0 C 0 with AB, AC, respectively. Similarly define Ba , Bc , Ca , Cb . Let the Euler lines of
BBa C 0 , CCa B 0 meet at Xa . Similarly define Xb , Xc . Then the Euler lines of ABC, Xa Xb Xc are concurrent at the
centroid of Xa Xb Xc .
A
C0
Xb

Ab

Ba Xa

Ac
Xc
0
B
H

Ca
C B

Cb Bc

A0

4.18.1

LIST OF PHRASES

53
 ORTHOCENTERS – MIXTILINEAR INCIRCLES
Definition 4.1. By mixtilinear incircle we mean a circle which is tangent to some two lines l1 , l2 and to some circle
ω. Also by A – mixtilinear incircle of a triangle ABC we mean a circle which is tangent to AB, AC and is internally
tangent to the smaller arc BC of (ABC).
4.21.1. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Consider the
A – mixtilinear incircle ωa of AB 0 C 0 which is tangent to (AB 0 C 0 ) at A1 . Similarly define ωb , ωc , B1 , C1 .
(1) Points A1 , B1 , C1 , H lie on the same circle
(2) There exists a circle which is externally tangent to ωa , ωb , ωc and goes through H
Let the circle ωa0 is tangent to AB, AC and is externally tangent to (HBC) at A2 . Similarly define B2 , C2 , ωb0 , ωc0 .
(3) Points A2 , B2 , C2 , H lie on the same circle
(4) There exists a circle which is externally tangent to ωa0 , ωb0 , ωc0 and goes through H.

A A A

Ab

C 0 Ba

C0 B0
B1
H
B0
C1 A1
H B2
C A0 B
H
C2 Cb Bc
C B A2

C B
A0

4.21.1(1, 2) 4.21.1(3, 4) 4.21.2

4.21.2. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Let the H –
mixtilinear incircles of AHC 0 , AHB 0 are tangent to (AB 0 C 0 ) at Ab , Ac , respectively. Similarly define Ba , Bc , Ca , Cb .
Consider the second intersection point C1 of (Ab Ba C 0 ) with AB. Similarly define A1 , B1 . Then AA1 , BB1 , CC1 are
concurrent.
4.21.3. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Let the circle
ωa with center Oa is tangent to BB 0 , CC 0 and is internally tangent to the smaller arc B 0 C 0 of (BCB 0 C 0 ) at point Ta .
Similarly define Ob , Oc , Tb , Tc .
(1) Both triangles Oa Ob Oc , Ta Tb Tc are perspective to ABC
(2) Circles (ATa A0 ), (BTb B 0 ), (CTc C 0 ) are coaxial.

A A A

Ta C0 Ta C0
C0

B0 Oa B0
H B0 H
H
Tc Oc Ob Tc
Tb Tb
C B C B C B
0
A0 A A0

4.21.3(1) 4.21.3(1) 4.21.3(2)

4.21.4. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Let the circle
ωab is tangent to the lines AH, B 0 C 0 and is internally tangent to the smaller arc AB 0 of (AB 0 C 0 ) at point Ab . Let the
circle ωac is tangent to the lines AH, B 0 C 0 and is internally tangent to the smaller arc AC 0 of (AB 0 C 0 ) at point Ac .
Similarly define Ba , Bc , Ca , Cb .
(1) Ab Ac Ba Bc Ca Cb is cyclic
54
Consider two tangent lines `ab , `ac from Ab , Ac to the circle (AB 0 C 0 ). Similarly define `ba , `bc , `ca , `cb .
(2) Lines `ab , `ac , `ba , `bc , `ca , `cb form a hexagon with vertices lying on the lines AA0 , BB 0 , CC 0 , which also has
an incircle ω. Moreover, ω coincides with the incircle of ABC.
A
A

Ac Ac

Ab
C0 C0
Ab B0
B0
H
H

C B C A0 B

A0

4.21.4(1) 4.21.4(2)
4.21.5. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 , A00 B 00 C 00 be the cevian and the circumcevian triangles
of H wrt ABC. Consider the H – mixtilinear incircle ωa of B 0 HC 0 , similarly define ωb , ωc .
(1) ωa is tangent to (ABC) (i.e. ωa coinsides with the H – mixtilinear incircle of the curved triangle HB 00 C 00 )
(2) Lines through the vertices of ABC and the respective centers of ωa , ωb , ωc are concurrent.

A A

C 00 C 00

C0
B 00 B 00
B0
H H

C A0 B C B

A00 A00
4.21.5(1) 4.21.5(2)

LIST OF PHRASES

55
 ORTHOCENTERS – SQUARES
4.22.1. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Consider the
points A00 , B 00 , C 00 on the lines AH, BH, CH, such that A00 B 00 C 00 is homothetic to A0 B 0 C 0 (for example A00 B 00 C 00 can
be equal to A0 B 0 C 0 or to the circumcevian triangle of H wrt ABC). Construct the squares AB 00 Ab Ba , AC 00 Ac Ca with
centers Oab , Oac which are outside wrt ABC. Similarly define Oba , Obc , Oca , Ocb .
(1) Lines Obc Ocb , Oac Oca , Oab Oba form a triangle which is perspective to A0 B 0 C 0
(2) In the particular case when A00 B 00 C 00 = A0 B 0 C 0 we get that the points Oab Oba Obc Ocb Oac Oca lie on the same conic
and the lines Obc Ocb , Oac Oca , Oab Oba form a triangle which respective vertices lie on AH, BH, CH.

Ba
Ca
Ab

Oab Ac
Oac
A
B 00
C 00
B0 0
Ocb C
H Obc

C A0 B

4.22.1(1)
Oba
Oca
A00

LIST OF PHRASES

56
 ORTHOCENTERS – SQUARES – INC
4.23.1. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Construct
the squares AB 0 Ab Ba and AC 0 Ac Ca which are outside wrt ABC. Let Iab , Iac , Ia be the incenters of AHC 0 , AHB 0 ,
ABa Ca , respectively. Similarly define Iba , Ibc , Ica , Icb , Ib , Ic . Then the perpendiculars from Ia , Ib , Ic to Iab Iac , Iba Ibc ,
Ica Icb are concurrent.

Ba
Ca
Ab
Ia
Ac

A
B0
Iac
Iab C0

C B

A0

4.23.1

LIST OF PHRASES

57
 ORTHOCENTERS – SQUARES – RADICAL LINES
4.24.1. Let H be the orthocenter of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of H wrt ABC. Consider the
points A00 , B 00 , C 00 on the lines AH, BH, CH, such that A00 B 00 C 00 is homothetic to A0 B 0 C 0 (for example A00 B 00 C 00 can
be equal to A0 B 0 C 0 or to the circumcevian triangle of H wrt ABC). Construct the squares AB 00 Ab Ba , AC 00 Ac Ca with
centers Oab , Oac , which are outside wrt ABC. Similarly define Oba , Obc , Oca , Ocb . Then the radical line of circles
(Oab Obc Oca ), (Oba Ocb Oac ) goes through H.

Oab
A Oac

B 00
B0 C 00
Ocb C0
H Obc

C A0 B

A00 Oba
Oca

4.24.1

LIST OF PHRASES

58
 NINE-POINT CENTERS AND CIRCLES
5.1.1. Let N be the nine-point center of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the pedal triangle of N wrt ABC. Consider
the nine-point centers Na , Nb , Nc of N BC, N AC, N AB.
(1) Circles (Na B 0 C 0 ), (Nb A0 C 0 ), (Nc A0 B 0 ), (Na0 Nb0 Nc0 ) are concurrent at L which is isogonal to N wrt A0 B 0 C 0
(2) Let Ma be the midpoint of the segment between the nine-point centers of Na B 0 C 0 , Nb Nc A0 , similarly define Mb ,
Mc . Then Ma , Mb , Mc lie on the same line L5.1.1(2)
Consider the nine-point centers (and similar ones for each of the remaining vertices B, C)
Na1 of N BC (Na1 = Na )
Na2 of N B 0 C 0
Na3 reflection of Na1 wrt N A
Na4 reflection of Na1 wrt N A0
Na5 reflection of Na2 wrt N A
Na6 reflection of Na2 wrt N A0
Na7 of Na1 B 0 C 0
Na8 of LB 0 C 0
Let 40 , 4n denote the triangles A0 B 0 C 0 , Nan Nbn Ncn respectively. Consider the nine-point center objects Nijk , Nij,kl ,
◦
Nijk corresponding to the triangles 40 , . . . , 48 and the point N . We have the following properties – codes
(3) Lines
LN N711 N022 N032 N012 N812 N411 N421 N01,31 k N712 N721 N731 k N211 N121 N12,21 , N N111 N611 k N112 N121 N131 ,
N N112 N132 N721 N011 N21,12 k N612 N022 N031 , N N712 N732 k N211 N611 N022 , N711 N112 N712 k N732 N731 N132 ,
N N612 N11,01 , LN011 N11,01 , N11,01 N01,31 N11,31 , N111 N112 N12,72 , N221 N022 N231 , L5.1.1(2) N712 N721 N731
(4) Circles
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
N721 N N112 N12,72 , N121 N N12,72 , N711 N81,71 , N811 N81,71 , N311 LN11,31 , N111 LN11,31 , N411 LN11,31 , N211 L,
◦ ◦
N421 L, N611 L
(5) Coincide points
N N11,12 N71,72 , LN21,61 , N021 N211 , N112 N122 , N411 N412 , N712 N722 , N212 N022 N03,22
(6) Intersections
◦
N022 N031 ∩ N211 N121 ∩ LN011 , N022 N031 ∩ N N111 ∩ N711
(7) Unlisted perspectivities
N12,13 , N72,73 . Triangle ABC is perspective to Na1 Nc1 Nc1 and Na7 Nb7 Nc7 .
A
A

Naa

Ab
A Xb

N411 = N412 = ∞ Ac

Xc
P Na
C0 N
Nb
Xa C
0
B N
Nc
4 L
Na
Na
Nc4
C C B
Nb4
A0
A0 B Aa
B
5.1.1(1) and (3)LN N411 5.1.2 5.1.3

5.1.2. Let ω be the nine-point circle of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be its midpoint triangle. Consider any point P on ω
and let P A0 meet the nine-point circle of P BC second time at Xa . Similarly define Xb , Xc . Then Xa Xb Xc is perspective
to ABC.
5.1.3. Let N be the nine-point center of a triangle ABC. Consider the nine-point centers Na , Nb , Nc of N BC, N AC,
N AB. Consider the reflections Aa , Ab , Ac of Na wrt BC, AC, AB, respectively. Let Ma be the midpoint of the segment
between Aa and the nine-point center Naa of AAb Ac . Similarly define Mb , Mc . Then Ma , Mb , Mc are collinear.

LIST OF PHRASES

59
 NPC – CIRCUMCENTERS
5.2.1. Let N be the nine-point center of a triangle ABC. Consider the nine-point centers Na , Nb , Nc of N BC, N AC,
N AB.
Consider the circumcenters (and similar ones for each of the remaining vertices B, C)

Oa1 of N BC Oa5 =A Oa9 of Oa1 Ob1 Oc1

Oa2 of N Ob1 Oc1 Oa6 =N Oa10 of Na Nb Nc
Oa3 of N N b Nc Oa7 = Na
Oa4 of N Ob3 Oc3 Oa8 of ABC

For numbers 1 ≤ n, m, k, l ≤ 10 we will wright the code

(n, k) if the triangles Oan Obn Ocn , Oak Obk Ock are perspective
(n, kl) if Oan Obn Ocn is perspective to the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obk Ock Oal , Oak Ock Obl , Oak Obk Ocl
respectively
(nm, kl) if the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obn Ocn Oam , Oan Ocn Obm , Oan Obn Ocm is perspective to the
triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obk Ock Oal , Oak Ock Obl , Oak Obk Ocl respectively
(n, klm) if Oan Obn Ocn is perspective to the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Oak Oal Oam , Obk Obl Obm , Ock Ocl Ocm
respectively
(nkl) if the circumcenters of Oan Oak Oal , Obn Obk Obl , Ocn Ock Ocl are collinear
We have the following properties-codes of the forms (n, k), (n, kl), (nm, kl), (n, klm), (nkl)
(1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 5), (4, 7), (5, 7), (1, 19), (1, 26), (1, 28), (1, 29), (1, 36), (1, 51), (1, 52), (1, 53), (1, 54), (1, 57), (1, 58),
(1, 59), (1, 510), (2, 12), (2, 13), (2, 14), (2, 15), (2, 17), (2, 18), (2, 19), (2, 110), (2, 76), (3, 16), (3, 46), (3, 410),
(3, 71), (3, 72), (3, 73), (3, 74), (3, 75), (3, 78), (3, 79), (3, 710), (4, 31), (4, 32), (4, 34), (4, 35), (4, 37), (4, 38), (4, 39),
(4, 310), (4, 56), (5, 16), (5, 18), (5, 46), (5, 58), (7, 26), (7, 36), (7, 310), (7, 710), (16, 76), (18, 29), (19, 56), (26, 46),
(26, 56), (28, 56), (29, 56), (36, 56), (46, 76), (410, 76), (1, 168), (1, 689), (1, 6910), (1, 8910), (2, 269), (2, 568), (2, 689),
(2, 6910), (2, 8910), (3, 3610), (3, 689), (3, 6910), (3, 8910), (4, 6710), (4, 689), (4, 6910), (4, 8910), (5, 689), (5, 6910),
(5, 8910), (7, 689), (7, 6910), (7, 8910), (167), (246), (256), (356), (467).

LIST OF PHRASES

60
 NPC – ISOGONAL CONJUGATIONS
5.3.1. Let N be the nine-point center of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the pedal triangle of N wrt ABC. Consider
the nine-point centers Na , Nb , Nc of N BC, N AC, N AB.
Consider the isogonal conjugations (and similar ones for each of the remaining vertices B, C)
Na1 of Na wrt N B 0 C 0
Na2 of Na wrt AB 0 C 0
Na3 of N wrt Na B 0 C 0
A1 of A wrt Na B 0 C 0
N 1 of N wrt A0 B 0 C 0
(1) Points N , N 1 , Na1 , Nb1 , Nc1 , the nine-point center N 0 of A0 B 0 C 0 are collinear. Moreover, N 1 Na Nb Nc is cyclic
(2) Lines ANa1 , BNb1 , CNc1 form a triangle which is perspective to ABC
(3) Points Na2 , Nb2 , Nc2 are collinear. In addition, two lines from parts (1), (3) are perpendicular
(4) Points N 1 , Na3 , Nb3 , Nc3 are collinear. In addition, two degenerate polygons N Na1 Nb1 Nc1 , N 1 Na3 Nb3 Nc3 are similar
(5) Points A1 , B 1 , C 1 are collinear. In addition, two lines from parts (4), (5) are perpendicular. Besides, two
degenerate triangles Na2 Nb2 Nc2 , A1 B 1 C 1 are similar.

A1
A A

Na2
B1
Nb3
Nb2 Nb1

C1
Nc2
C0 C0
Na3
B0 Nb Na1 B0 Nb
N N
Nc Na Nc Na
N0
Nc3 N 1
Nc1
C B C B

A0 A0
5.3.1(1, 3) 5.3.1(4, 5)
5.3.2. Let N be the nine-point center of a triangle ABC and A1 B1 C1 , A2 B2 C2 be the midpoint and the orthic triangles
of ABC, respectively. Consider a triangle 41 formed with the isogonal conjugations of N wrt AB1 C1 , BA1 C1 , CA1 B1 .
Similarly let 42 be a triangle formed with the isogonal conjugations of N wrt AB2 C2 , BA2 C2 , CA2 B2 .
(1) Triangles 41 , 42 are similar and have a common orthocenter H 0 , which lies on the Euler line of ABC
Consider a triangle 41 formed with the isogonal conjugations of A, B, C wrt N B1 C1 , N A1 C1 , N A1 B1 , respectively.
Similarly let 42 be a triangle formed with the isogonal conjugations of A, B, C wrt N B2 C2 , N A2 C2 , N A2 B2 , respectively.
(2) Triangles 41 , 42 are similar. Moreover, their circumcircles meet at their common center of similarity S, which
lies on the Euler line of ABC.

H0

41

A
41 A C2
B2 C2
42 B2
B1 C1
B1 C1 N
N

C B
C B
42 A2 A1
A1 A2

5.3.2(1) 5.3.2(2)

LIST OF PHRASES

61
 NPC – EULER LINES
5.4.1. Let ω be the nine-point circle of a triangle ABC. Consider the midpoint and the orthic triangles A1 B1 C1 ,
A2 B2 C2 of ABC. Consider the second intersection points A01 , A02 of AA1 , AA2 with ω, respectively. Similarly define
B10 , B20 , C10 , C20 . Let the Euler lines of AA1 A02 , AA01 A2 meet at Xa (Xa also lies on the Euler lines of AA1 A2 , AA01 A02 ).
Similarly define Xb , Xc .
(1) Triangles ABC, Xa Xb Xc are perspective
For any point P consider the intersection points Ap , A0p of AP with ω. Let the Euler lines of AAp A02 , AA0p A2 meet at
Ya (Ya also lies on the Euler lines of AAp A2 , AA0p A02 ). Similarly define Yb , Yc .
(2) Triangles ABC, Ya Yb Yc are perspective.

A A

A01 A0p
A02 Xa A02 Ya

P
Xb Yb
Xc Yc

C B C B

A2 A1 A2
Ap

5.4.1(1) 5.4.1(2)

LIST OF PHRASES

62
 NPC – RADICAL LINES
5.5.1. Let N , ω be the nine-point center and circle of a triangle ABC. Denote by A0 B 0 C 0 the midpoint triangle of
ABC. Consider the nine-point circles Ωab , Ωac of AN B 0 , AN C 0 and let `a be their radical line. Similarly define `b , `b .
(1) Lines `a , `b , `c are concurrent
Consider any point P on ω and let ωab , ωac be the nine-point circles of AP B 0 , AP C 0 . Denote by ra the radical line of
ωab , ωac (in fact, ωab , ωac are tangent and ra is their common tangent line). Similarly define rb , rc .
(2) Lines ra , rb , rc form a triangle A1 B1 C1 which is perspective to A0 B 0 C 0 with the perspector P
(3) Triangles A1 B1 C1 , ABC are perspective.

A
B1
C1

P
B0 C0

A1
B0 C0
N

C B C B

0 0
A A

5.5.1(1) 5.5.1(3)

LIST OF PHRASES

63
 SYMMEDIAN POINTS
6.1.1. Let S be the symmedian point of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of S wrt ABC.
Consider the intersections Ab , Ac of B 0 C 0 with AB, AC, respectively. Similarly define Ba , Bc , Ca , Cb .
(1) Symmedian points of AAb C 0 , AAc B 0 , BBa C 0 , BBc A0 , CCa B 0 , CCb A0 form the hexagon which is inscribed in a
conic and has concurrent diagonals, which meet on SO, where O is the circumcenter of ABC
(2) Hexagon from (1) is projectively equivalent to the regular hexagon. Moreover, there exists a projective transform-
ation sending this hexagon to Ab Ac Ba Bc Ca Cb which saves the line SO
(3) Similar statements to (1), (2) hold for the hexagon formed with the symmedian points of BAb B 0 , CAc C 0 , ABa A0 ,
CBc C 0 , ACa A0 , BCb B 0
Let the line through the symmedian points of AAb B 0 , AAc C 0 meet B 0 C 0 at Pa . Similarly let the line through the symmedian
points of A0 Cb B, A0 Bc C meet BC at Pa0 . Similarly define Pb , Pc , Pb0 , Pc0 .
(4) Points Pa Pb Pc Pa0 Pb0 Pc0 lie on the same line which is perpendicular to SO.
A A A

Sab
C0 C0 C0
Sac Ab
Pa Ac A2
B0 B0 B0
Ac Ab
O Sab C1
Pb0 Sac
B1
S Sba Ca S Ba S
Sca Ca Sca Sba
Ba
Pb
Scb Sbc
C Cb C Cb Bc Pa0 B C
Bc B C2 B
B2
Scb A1
Sbc
A0 A0
A0
6.1.1(1, 2) 6.1.1(4) 6.1.2(1)

6.1.2. Let S be the symmedian point of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of S wrt ABC.
Consider the pedal triangles A1 B1 C1 , A2 B2 C2 of S wrt ABC, A0 B 0 C 0 , respectively.
(1) Similar statements to 6.1.1(1, 2) hold for the hexagon formed with the symmedian points of SA1 B2 , SA1 C2 ,
SB1 A2 , SB1 C2 , SC1 A2 , SC1 B2
(2) In the previous statement it is possible to replace A1 C2 B1 A2 C1 B2 with the hexagon formed with the orthogonal
projections of S to the sides of AB 0 CA0 BC 0 .
6.1.3. Let S be the symmedian point of a triangle ABC. Let the line through S and parallel to BC meet AB, AC at
Cb , Bc , respectively. Similarly define Ab , Ba , Ac , Ca .
(1) Symmedian points of ABc Cb , BAc Ca , CAb Ba , ABa Ca , BAb Cb , CAc Bc lie on the same conic through S
Consider the symmedian points Sab , Sac of ASBa , ASCa . Similarly define Sba , Sbc , Sca , Scb .
(2) Denote by A0 the intersection point of Cb Sac , Bc Sab . Similarly define B 0 , C 0 . Then AA0 , BB 0 , CC 0 are concur-
rent.

A
A

A0
Ba
Ca Sab
Ca
Sac
Ba
Sa0

Bc S Cb
Sa
Bc S Cb
Sc0 Sb
Sc
C0 B0
Sb0 C B
C Ac Ab B
Ac Ab
6.1.2(1) 6.1.2(2)

LIST OF PHRASES

64
 SYMMEDIAN POINTS – CIRCUMCENTERS
Note that in the theorems 6.1.1(1, 2, 3) from the phrase Symmedian points it is possible to replace the symmedian
0
points Sab , . . ., Scb with the circumcenters of the respective triangles and still get the correct results that belong to the
current phrase.

SYMMEDIAN POINTS – ISODYNAMIC POINTS

6.4.1. Let S be the symmedian point of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of S wrt ABC.
Consider the first (second) isodynamic points Sa , Sb , Sc , Sa0 , Sb0 , Sc0 of A0 BC, B 0 AC, C 0 AB, AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0 ,
respectively. Then there exists an inversion I, sending ABCA0 B 0 C 0 to the regular hexagon, and the points Sa , . . ., Sc0 to
the midpoints of BC, . . ., A0 B 0 , respectively.
Note that in the theorems 6.1.1(1, 2, 3) from the phrase Symmedian points it is possible to replace the symmedian
0
points Sab , . . ., Scb with the first (second) isodynamic points of the respective triangles and still get the correct results
that belong to the current phrase. Moreover, in the case of isodynamic points, we obtain that the circumconics of
0 0 0 0 0 0
Sab Sac Sbc Sba Sca Scb , Sab Sac Sbc Sba Sca Scb are circles.
LIST OF PHRASES

65
 SYMMEDIAN POINTS – FERMAT POINTS
6.3.1. Let S be the symmedian point of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of S wrt ABC.
Consider the first (second) Fermat points Fa , Fb , Fc , Fa0 , Fb0 , Fc0 of AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0 , A0 BC, B 0 AC, C 0 AB.
(1) Lines Fa Fa0 , Fb Fb0 , Fc Fc0 are concurrent
Let ωa denote the circle passing through S and the first Fermat points of SBC, SB 0 C 0 . Similarly define ωb , ωc .
(2) Circles ωa , ωb , ωc are concurrent second time at point P lying on OS, such that |OP | = a + 13 b, where O is
the circumcenter of ABC, a is the distance between O and the inversion image L of S wrt (ABC), and b is the
length of the tangent from L to (ABC)
Consider the intersections Ab , Ac of B 0 C 0 with AB, AC, respectively. Similarly define Ba , Bc , Ca , Cb . Denote by ΩAb
the circle passing through Ab and the first Fermat points of Ab AC 0 , Ab BB 0 . Similarly define ΩBa , ΩAc , ΩCa , ΩBc , ΩCb .
(3) Circles ΩAb , ΩBc , ΩCa are coaxial, and similarly circles ΩBa , ΩCb , ΩAc are coaxial
(4) There exists a circle Ω, which is orthogonal to ΩAb , . . ., ΩCb and forms a coaxial system of circles together with
(ABC) and the polar line of S wrt (ABC).

C0 A
Ω C0
A A
Fa
Fc0 C0

Ab
B0 Ac
Fb0B 0 B0
S Ba
S S
C B
Ca
Fb
C B ΩBc
Fc A0 C Cb Bc B
ΩBa
0 0
A ΩCa A

Fa0 ΩCb
ΩAb
6.3.1(1) P 6.3.1(2) ΩAc 6.3.1(3, 4)
Remark. In fact, theorem 6.3.1(3) is true for any two triangles ABC, A0 B 0 C 0 which are inscribed in the same conic.

LIST OF PHRASES

66
 SYMMEDIAN POINTS – BROCARD AXIS
6.5.1. Let S be the symmedian point of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of S wrt ABC.
Consider the intersections Ab , Ac of B 0 C 0 with AB, AC, respectively. Similarly define Ba , Bc , Ca , Cb . Let the Brocard
axis of triangles BBa C 0 , CCa B 0 meet at Xa , similarly define Xb , Xc .
(1) Triangles ABC, A0 B 0 C 0 , Xa Xb Xc share the same Brocard axis
(2) Similar statement to (1) is true if we replace the Brocard axis of BBa C 0 , . . ., AAb C 0 with the Brocard axis of
ABa A0 , . . ., BAb B 0 , respectively
6.5.2. Let S be the symmedian point of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of S wrt ABC.
Consider the pedal triangles A1 B1 C1 , A2 B2 C2 of S wrt ABC, A0 B 0 C 0 , respectively.
(1) Similar statement to 6.5.1(1) holds for the triangle formed with the intersection points of Brocard axis of pairs
of triangles SA1 B2 , SA2 B1 ; SB1 C2 , SB2 C1 ; SC1 A2 , SC2 A1
(2) In the previous statement it is possible to replace A1 C2 B1 A2 C1 B2 with the hexagon formed with the orthogonal
projections of S to the sides of AB 0 CA0 BC 0 .

A
C0
C0
Ab
Ac
B0
A2
Ba C1
Xa S B0
Xc
Ca B1
S
B
Bc C2 B2
CbXb
C A1 B
C

A0
A0

6.5.1(1) 6.5.2(1)

LIST OF PHRASES

67
 SYMMEDIAN POINTS – EULER REFLECTION POINTS
6.6.1. Let S be the symmedian point of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of S wrt ABC.
Consider the Euler reflection points E, E 0 , Eab , Eba , Ebc , Ecb , Eac , Eca of ABC, A0 B 0 C 0 , SAB 0 , SBA0 , SBC 0 , SCB 0 ,
SAC 0 , SCA0 .
(1) Perpendicular bisectors of EE 0 , Eab Eba , Ebc Ecb , Eac Eca are concurrent at the circumcenter O of ABC
(2) Midpoints M , Ma , Mb , Mc of EE 0 , Ebc Ecb , Eac Eca , Eab Eba lie on the same line which goes through S, E, E 0
(3) Let ωs be any circle through S and let the lines AS, BS, CS meet ωs second time at As , Bs , Cs . Then the Euler
reflection point Es of As Bs Cs lies on the line SEE 0
(4) Let ωo be any circle through O and let the lines OMa , OMb , OMc meet ωo second time at Ao , Bo , Co . Consider
the Euler reflection point Eo of Ao Bo Co . Then the line OEo divides the segment SM in ratio 1 : 2.
A Eac

Eab C0

E0
B0

O Ebc

Ecb
S
E

C B

Eca Eba
A0

6.6.1(2)
6.6.2. Let S be the symmedian point of a triangle ABC. Let the line through S and parallel to BC meet AB, AC at Cb ,
Bc , respectively. Similarly define Ab , Ba , Ac , Ca . Consider the Euler reflection points E, Ea , Eb , Ec of ABC, ABc Cb ,
BAc Ca , CAb Ba .
(1) Points EEa Eb Ec lie on the same circle
Consider the Euler reflection points Ea0 , Eb0 , Ec0 , E1 , E2 of SAb Ac , SBa Bc , SCa Cb , Ab Bc Ca , Ac Ba Cb .
(2) Points SEa0 Eb0 Ec0 lie on the same circle
(3) Segments ES, Ea Ea0 , Eb Eb0 , Ec Ec0 , E1 E2 share the same midpoint M
(4) Circle with diameter E1 E2 goes through the intersection points of (Ea Eb Ec ), (Ea0 Eb0 Ec0 ).

A A

Ea Ea
E E

Ca E1 Ca
Ba Ba
Ec0
Eb Eb0
Ec
M Eb
Ec
E2
Bc S Cb Bc S Cb

Ea0
C Ac Ab B C Ac Ab B

6.6.2(1) 6.6.2(2, 3, 4)

LIST OF PHRASES

68
 FERMAT POINTS
7.1.1. Let F1 , F2 be the first and the second Fermat points of a triangle ABC. Consider the second Fermat points Fa ,
Fb , Fc of F1 BC, F1 AC, F1 AB.
(1) Triangle Fa Fb Fc is perspective to ABC and to the Napoleon triangle of the pedal triangle of F wrt ABC
(2) Triangle Fa Fb Fc is perspective to both anticevian and Euler anticevian triangles of F wrt ABC
(3) F2 Fa Fb Fc is cyclic
(4) Consider the reflection Fa0 of Fa wrt AF1 , similarly define Fb0 , Fc0 . Then F2 Fa0 Fb0 Fc0 is cyclic
(5) (Fa Fb Fc ) ∩ (Fa BC) ∩ (Fb AC) ∩ (Fc AB) = F2 , (ABC) ∩ (AFb Fc ) ∩ (BFa Fc ) ∩ (CFa Fb ) = (F1 X110 ) ∩ (ABC).

Anticevian triangle
A A
Fc
Fb A Fc

F1 Fb P Euler anticevian

C
F1 C triangle
B B
Fa C B

Fa

7.1.1(2) 7.1.1(2) 7.1.1(2)

A A
F2 F2
Fc Fb0
Fc0

Fb
F1 F1
7.1.1(3) 7.1.1(4)
C C
B B

Fa Fa0

7.1.2. Let F be the first Fermat point of a triangle ABC. Consider the second Fermat points Fa , Fb , Fc of F BC, F AC,
F AB. Let Fab , Fac be the first Fermat points of F Fa B, F Fa C. Similarly define Fba , Fbc , Fca , Fcb .
(1) The hexagon Fab Fac Fba Fbc Fca Fcb is centrally symmetric
(2) Lines Fba Fca , Fab Fcb , Fac Fbc form a triangle which is perspective to Fa Fb Fc
(3) Points Fab Fac ∩ BC, Fba Fbc ∩ AC, Fca Fcb ∩ AB form a triangle which is perspective to ABC
(4) Triangles Fa Fb Fc , Fa Fbc Fcb , Fac Fb Fca , Fab Fba Fc , F Fba Fca , Fab F Fcb , Fac Fbc F are similar
(5) ∠Fab Fa Fac = ∠Fbc Fb Fba = ∠Fca Fc Fcb = 60◦
(6) Points Xa = Fb Fba ∩ Fc Fca , Xb = Fa Fab ∩ Fc Fcb , Xc = Fa Fac ∩ Fb Fbc lie on the line through F
(7) Circles (Fa Xb Xc ), (Fb Xa Xc ), (Fc Xa Xb ), (Fa Fb Fc ) are concurrent
(8) Lines AXa , BXb , CXc form an equilateral triangle
(9) Let two tangents from Fba , Fca to the circle (AFba Fca ) meet at Ta . Similarly define Tb , Tc . Then Ta , Tb , Tc lie
on the same line, which coincides with the line Xa Xb Xc
A A A

Fc Fc
Fca Fca
Fca Fc
Fba Fba
Fb Fb Fba Xa
Fb
Fcb Fcb Xb
Fbc F F Fcb
Fbc F
Fbc

Fab Fab Fab

C Fac B C Fac B C Xc Fac B

Fa Fa Fa

7.1.2(1, 2) 7.1.2(3) 7.1.2(5, 6, 7)

69
 A
Fc
Fca
A
Fba
Fb
Xa Fcb
Xb
F

F Fbc Fab
C Fac B
Xc

C B
Fa

7.1.2(8) 7.1.2(9)

7.1.3. Let F be the first Fermat point of a triangle ABC. Consider the second Fermat points Fa , Fb , Fc , Fa0 , Fb0 , Fc0 of
F BC, F AC, F AB, F Fb Fc , F Fa Fc , F Fb Fc , respectively.
(1) Lines Fa Fa0 , Fb Fb0 , Fc Fc0 are concurrent at the first Fermat point F 0 of Fa Fb Fc , Fa0 Fb0 Fc0
Let Fab , Fac be the first Fermat points of F Fa Fb0 , F Fa Fc0 . Similarly define Fba , Fbc , Fca , Fcb .
(2) The hexagon Fab Fcb Fca Fba Fbc Fac is centrally symmetric
(3) Lines Fac Fab , Fcb Fca , Fbc Fba form a triangle which is perspective to Fa0 Fb0 Fc0
(4) Lines Fba Fca , Fab Fcb , Fbc Fac form a triangle which is perspective to Fa Fb Fc
(5) Triangles ABC, Fa0 Fb0 Fc0 , Fa0 Fca Fba , Fcb Fb0 Fab , Fbc Fac Fc0 are similar
(6) Triangles Fa Fb Fc , Fa Fac Fab , Fbc Fb Fba , Fcb Fca Fc are similar
(7) ∠Fbc Fa0 Fcb = ∠Fca Fb0 Fab = ∠Fac Fc0 Fbc = 60◦
(8) Points Xa = Fb0 Fac ∩ Fc0 Fab , Xb = Fa0 Fbc ∩ Fc0 Fba , Xc = Fa0 Fcb ∩ Fb0 Fca lie on the same line, which coincides with
the line F F 0
(9) Circles (Fa0 Xb Xc ), (Fb0 Xa Xb ), (Fc0 Xa Xb ) are concurrent
(10) Lines Fa Xa , Fb Xb , Fc Xc form an equilateral triangle
0 0
Let Fab , Fac be the first Fermat points of F 0 Fa Fb0 , F 0 Fa Fc0 . Similarly define Fba 0 0
, Fbc , Fca0 0
, Fcb .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(a) Lines Fab Fac , Fcb Fca , Fbc Fba form a triangle which is perspective to Fa Fb Fc
0 0 0 0 0 0
(b) Points Fba Fca ∩ Fb Fc , Fab Fcb ∩ Fa Fc , Fbc Fac ∩ Fa Fb form a triangle which is perspective to Fa Fb Fc
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(c) Triangles ABC, Fa Fb Fc , Fa Fcb Fbc , Fca Fb Fac , Fba Fab Fc0 , F Fab
0 0
Fac 0
, Fba 0
F Fbc , Fca0 0
Fcb F are similar
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ◦
(d) ∠Fba Fa Fca = ∠Fcb Fb Fab = ∠Fac Fc Fbc = 60
(e) Points Fb0 Fab 0
∩ Fc0 Fac0
, Fa0 Fba
0
∩ Fc0 Fbc
0
, Fa0 Fca
0
∩ Fb0 Fcb
0
coincide with Xa , Xb , Xc from part (8)
0 0 0 0
(f) Let Ta be the intersection point of two tangent lines from Fab , Fac to (Fa Fab Fac ), similarly define Tb , Tc . Then
0
Ta , Tb , Tc lie on the same line, which coincides with the line F F .

Fa0 A Fa0 A
Fc Fc
Fa0 A
Fc Fca Fca
Fba Fba
Fb Fb
Fb
Fcb Fcb
Fbc F Fbc F
F0 F

Fb0 Fc0
Fab Fb0 Fc0
Fab Fb0
Fc0 Fac
C B C B C Fac B

Fa
Fa Fa

7.1.3(1) 7.1.3(2, 3) 7.1.3(4)

70
 Fa0 Fa0
Fc Fc
0 0
Fa0 A
Fca Fca
Fc

0 0
Fba Fba
Fb Fb Fb
0 0
Fcb Fcb F0
0
Fbc F0 0
Fbc F0 F

0
0
Fc0 Fac Fab Fb0 Xa
Fc0 Fac 0
Fab Fb0 Fc0
0
Fac 0
Fab Fb0 C B
0
Fac Fab

Fa Fa Fa

7.1.3(a) 7.1.3(b) 7.1.3(e)

7.1.4. Let F1 be the first Fermat point of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of F1 wrt ABC.
Consider the first Fermat points Fa , Fb , Fc , Fa0 , Fb0 , Fc0 of AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0 , A0 BC, B 0 AC, C 0 AC, respectively.
(1) The hexagon Fa Fb Fc Fa0 Fb0 Fc0 is inscribed in a circle and its diagonals are concurrent at F1
(2) Second Fermat points F2 , F20 of ABC, A0 B 0 C 0 lie on the circle (Fa Fb Fc Fa0 Fb0 Fc0 ), and F2 F20 contains F1
Let Fab , Fac be the first Fermat points of F A0 B, F A0 C, similarly define Fba , Fbc , Fca , Fcb . Consider the second
intersection point A1 of (A0 Fab Fac ), (ABC), similarly define B1 , C1 .
(3) Lines AA1 , BB1 , CC1 are concurrent on OF , where O is the circumcenter of ABC.

LIST OF PHRASES

71
 FERMAT POINTS – CIRCUMCENTERS
7.2.1. Let P be any point in a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of P wrt ABC. Consider the first
Fermat points Fab , Fac of P BC 0 , P CB 0 , similarly define Fba , Fbc , Fca , Fcb . Consider the circumcenter Oa of P Fab Fac ,
similarly define Ob , Oc .
(1) P is the first Fermat point of Oa Ob Oc
(2) Lines AOa , BOb , COc form an equilateral triangle
(3) In the case P – first Fermat point of ABC we have that Oa Ob Oc coincides with ABC.
7.2.2. Let F be the first Fermat point of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 , A00 B 00 C 00 be the cevian and the circumcevian
triangles of F wrt ABC. Consider the first Fermat points Fab , Fac of F A00 B, F A00 C, similarly define Fba , Fbc , Fca , Fcb .
Consider the circumcenter Oa of A00 Fab Fac , similarly define Ob , Oc .
(1) Lines A00 Oa , B 00 Ob , C 00 Oc are concurrent at the orthocenter of A00 B 00 C 00
Consider the second Fermat points F ab , F ac of A00 A0 B, A00 A0 C, similarly define F ba , F bc , F ca , F cb . Consider the
circumcenter Oa of A00 F ab F ac , similarly define Ob , Oc .
(2) Lines A00 Oa , B 00 Ob , C 00 Oc are concurrent at the point lying on (ABC).
Oc
A
Oa A F ca
A

C 00
C 00 cb
Fca F
Oc
Fba
00
B
C0
Fca
Ob B 00
0
B Fcb B 0
Fba C0 F
Fbc
F
Fac Fab
P

C Fac B
Fab
C B
Fbc Oa
Ob
Fcb A0
C B F ab
Oc
A0
A00
A00
7.2.1(1, 2) 7.2.2(1) F ac 7.2.2(2)
7.2.3. Let F be the first Fermat point of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of F wrt ABC. Consider
the first Fermat points Fa , Fb , Fc , Fs of AB 0 C 0 , BC 0 A0 , CA0 B 0 , Fa Fb Fc .
Consider the circumcenters (and similar ones for each of the remaining vertices B, C)

Oa1 =A Oa5 of F B 0 C 0 Oa9 of F Fb Fc Oa13 of A0 B 0 C 0

Oa2 = A0 Oa6 of AFa F Oa10 of Fs Fb Fc Oa14 of Fa Fb Fc
Oa3 = Fa Oa7 of AFa Fs Oa11 = F Oa15 = Fs
Oa4 of F BC Oa8 = BC ∩ B 0 C 0 Oa12 of ABC

For numbers 1 ≤ n, m, k, l ≤ 15 we will wright the code

(n, k) if the triangles Oan Obn Ocn , Oak Obk Ock are perspective
(n, kl) if Oan Obn Ocn is perspective to the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obk Ock Oal , Oak Ock Obl , Oak Obk Ocl
respectively
(nm, kl) if the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obn Ocn Oam , Oan Ocn Obm , Oan Obn Ocm is perspective to the
triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obk Ock Oal , Oak Ock Obl , Oak Obk Ocl respectively
(n, klm) if Oan Obn Ocn is perspective to the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Oak Oal Oam , Obk Obl Obm , Ock Ocl Ocm
respectively
(nkl) if the circumcenters of Oan Oak Oal , Obn Obk Obl , Ocn Ock Ocl are collinear
(nk, l) if the triangle formed with lines Oan Oak , Obn Obk , Ocn Ock is perspective to Oal Obl Ocl
We have the following properties-codes of the forms (n, k), (n, kl), (nm, kl), (n, klm), (nkl), (nk, l)
(1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 10), (4, 5), (4, 9), (9, 10), (1, 14), (1, 111), (1, 112), (1, 211), (1, 41), (1, 412), (1, 81),
(1, 811), (2, 111), (2, 23), (2, 25), (2, 211), (2, 213), (2, 52), (2, 513), (2, 82), (2, 811), (3, 310), (3, 314), (3, 315), (3, 914),
(3, 103), (3, 1014), (4, 13), (4, 14), (4, 15), (4, 16), (4, 17), (4, 19), (4, 110), (4, 112), (4, 113), (4, 114), (4, 115), (4, 211),
(4, 311), (4, 41), (4, 42), (4, 43), (4, 45), (4, 47), (4, 48), (4, 49), (4, 410), (4, 411), (4, 412), (4, 413), (4, 414), (4, 415),
(4, 64), (4, 811), (5, 111), (5, 21), (5, 23), (5, 24), (5, 25), (5, 26), (5, 27), (5, 29), (5, 210), (5, 212), (5, 213), (5, 214),
(5, 215), (5, 51), (5, 52), (5, 53), (5, 54), (5, 56), (5, 57), (5, 58), (5, 59), (5, 510), (5, 511), (5, 512), (5, 513), (5, 514),
(5, 515), (5, 811), (6, 64), (7, 710), (8, 14), (8, 23), (8, 25), (8, 811), (9, 111), (9, 31), (9, 32), (9, 34), (9, 35), (9, 36),
(9, 37), (9, 38), (9, 39), (9, 310), (9, 312), (9, 313), (9, 314), (9, 315), (9, 69), (10, 31), (10, 32), (10, 34), (10, 35), (10, 36),
(10, 37), (10, 38), (10, 39), (10, 310), (10, 311), (10, 312), (10, 313), (10, 314), (10, 101), (10, 102), (10, 103), (10, 104), (10, 105),
72
(10, 106), (10, 108), (10, 109), (10, 1011), (10, 1012), (10, 1013), (10, 1014), (10, 1015), (14, 23), (14, 25), (14, 64), (111, 211),
(111, 311), (111, 41), (111, 42), (111, 43), (111, 45), (111, 47), (111, 48), (111, 49), (111, 410), (111, 411), (111, 412),
(111, 413), (111, 414), (111, 415), (111, 64), (111, 811), (112, 412), (211, 51), (211, 52), (211, 53), (211, 54), (211, 56),
(211, 57), (211, 58), (211, 59), (211, 510), (211, 511), (211, 512), (211, 513), (211, 514), (211, 515), (211, 811), (213, 513),
(311, 69), (314, 1014), (315, 101), (315, 102), (315, 103), (315, 104), (315, 105), (315, 106), (315, 108), (315, 109), (315, 1011),
(315, 1012), (315, 1013), (315, 1014), (315, 1015), (412, 812), (513, 813), (64, 811), (914, 1014), (1, 135), (1, 6811), (4, 135),
(4, 41112), (5, 135), (5, 51113), (6, 128), (9, 91114), (10, 101415), (1311), (1411), (1412), (1811), (2511), (2513), (2811), (31014),
(31015), (4812), (5813), (16, 4), (16, 9), (18, 1), (18, 2), (18, 4), (18, 5), (26, 4), (26, 9), (28, 2), (28, 4), (28, 5), (36, 4),
(36, 9), (38, 1), (38, 2), (46, 1), (46, 2), (46, 4), (46, 5), (46, 9), (48, 1), (48, 2), (56, 4), (56, 9), (58, 1), (58, 2), (67, 4),
(67, 9), (69, 4), (69, 9), (610, 4), (610, 9), (78, 1), (78, 2), (89, 1), (89, 2), (810, 1), (810, 2).

For other results that belong to the current phrase see also the phrase P – Fermat points – Circumcenters.

LIST OF PHRASES

73
 FERMAT POINTS – ORTHOCENTERS
7.4.1. Let F be the first Fermat point of a triangle ABC. Consider the second Fermat points Fa , Fb , Fc of F BC, F AC,
F AB. Denote by Hab , Hac the orthocenters of F Fa B, F Fa C. Similarly define Hba , Hbc , Hca , Hcb .
(1) Lines through A, B, C and perpendicular to Hab Hac , Hba Hbc , Hca Hcb are concurrent
(2) Hab Hac ∩ BC coincides with the foot of Fa – altitude of Fa Hab Hac and similarly for Fb , Fc
Consider the orthocenters Haa , Hbb , Hcc of F Hab Hac , F Hba Hbc , F Hca Hcb .
(3) Triangle Haa Hbb Hcc is homothetic to ABC.
A A

Hca Fc Hca Fc

Fb Hba Fb Hba

Hcb Hbb Hcc Hcb

F F
Hbc Hbc

Hab
C Hac B C Haa B
Hab
Hac

Fa Fa
7.4.1(1, 2) 7.4.1(3)

LIST OF PHRASES

74
 FERMAT POINTS – ISOGONAL CONJUGATIONS
7.5.1. Let F be the first Fermat point of a triangle ABC. Consider the second Fermat points Fa , Fb , Fc of F BC,
F AC, F AB. Consider the isogonal conjugations Faa , Fab , Fac of Fa wrt F BC, F AB, F AC respectively. Similarly define
Fba , Fbb , Fbc , Fca , Fcb , Fcc .
(1) ∠Fac Faa Fab = ∠Fba Fbb Fbc = ∠Fcb Fcc Fca = π/3
(2) |Faa Fab | · |Fbb Fbc | · |Fcc Fca | = |Faa Fac | · |Fbb Fba | · |Fcc Fcb |
(3) Triangle Faa Fbb Fcc is perspective to ABC and Fa Fb Fc .

A A
A

Faa
Fcc
Fc
Fbb
60◦ C0
0
B
Fb F Bbb
C0
F B0
Fab
Ccc F
C B
C B
A0

Fac C Aaa B
Fa Faa
A0

7.5.1 7.5.2(1) 7.5.2(2)

7.5.2. Let F be the first Fermat point of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 denote the cevian triangle of F wrt ABC. Consider
the isogonal conjugations Fa , Faa of F , Fa wrt AB 0 C 0 , ABC, respectively. Similarly define Fbb , Fcc .
(1) Points Faa , Fbb , Fcc form an equilateral triangle with center at F
Consider the isogonal conjugations Aa , Aaa of A wrt F B 0 C 0 , Aa BC, respectively. Similarly define Bbb , Ccc .
(2) F coincides with the first Fermat point of Aaa Bbb Ccc .
7.5.3. Let F1 , F2 be the first and second Fermat points of a triangle ABC. Consider the isogonal conjugations F2a , F2b ,
F2c of F2 wrt F1 BC, F1 AC, F1 AB, respectively.
(1) F2a F2b F2c is an equilateral triangle with center at F1 which circumcircle contains F2
Consider the second Fermat points Fa , Fb , Fc of F1 BC, F1 AC, F1 AB. Let F20 , Fa0 , Fb0 , Fc0 denote the isogonal conjugions
of F2 , Fa , Fb , Fc wrt ABC.
(2) F20 Fa0 Fb0 Fc0 is cyclic.

Fa0

Fb0
A Fc

F2
F20
Fb F1

C B

Fc0
Fa

7.5.3(2)

LIST OF PHRASES

75
FERMAT POINTS – ISOGONAL CONJUGATIONS – CIRCUMCENTERS
7.6.1. Let F be the first Fermat point of a triangle ABC. Consider the second Fermat points Fa , Fb , Fc of F BC,
F AC, F AB. Consider the isogonal conjugations Faa , Fab , Fac of Fa wrt F BC, F AB, F AC respectively. Similarly define
Fba , Fbb , Fbc , Fca , Fcb , Fcc . Consider the circumcenters Oa , Ob , Oc of AFba Fca , BFab Fcb , CFac Fbc .
(1) AOa , BOb , COc are concurrent at the isodynamic point of ABC
(2) Lines through Oa , Ob , Oc and parallel to AF , BF , CF are concurrent.
Fca
A
Fba Fc

Oa

Fab

F
Fb
Fbc
Ob
Oc

C B

Fac
Fa
7.6.1(1) Fcb

LIST OF PHRASES

76
FERMAT POINTS – ISOGONAL CONJUGATIONS – FERMAT POINTS
7.7.1. Let F1 , F2 be the first and second Fermat points of a triangle ABC. Consider the pedal triangle A0 B 0 C 0 of F1
wrt ABC. Consider the isogonal conjugations Ab , Ac of A0 wrt F1 AB, F1 AC, respectively. Let Fa be the second Fermat
point of F1 Ab Ac . Similarly define Fb , Fc . Then F2 Fa Fb Fc is cyclic.

A
F2
Fc

Fb C0

B0
F1

Ab

C B
0
Ac A

Fa

7.7.1

LIST OF PHRASES

77
 FERMAT POINTS – ISODYNAMIC POINTS
7.8.1. Let F be the first Fermat point of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 denote the cevian triangle of F wrt ABC.
(1) A0 , B 0 , C 0 coincide with the first isodynamic points of F BC, F AC, F AB
Consider the second isodynamic points Sa Sb , Sc of F BC, F AC, F AB.
(2) Lines ASa , BSb , CSc are concurrent at P
Consider the first and second isodynamic points S, S 0 of ABC; S1 , S2 of A0 B 0 C 0 ; and L1 , L2 of Sa Sb Sc , respectively.
(3) Points F SS1 L1 P are collinear
(4) Points F F 0 S 0 S2 L2 lie on the same circle, where F 0 is the second Fermat point of ABC
0
Let SA , SA denote the first and second isodynamic points of AB 0 C 0 , similarly define SB , SB 0 0
, SC , SC .
0 0 0 0
(5) S coincides with the second isodynamic point of SA SB SC ; while S coincides with the first isodynamic point of
0 0 0
SA SB SC and with the second isodynamic point of SA SB SC , respectively
0 0
(6) S lies on the circles (ASA F ), (BSB F ), (CSC F ), (ASA F 0 ), (BSB
0
F 0 ), (CSC
0
F 0)
(7) Circles (ASA F ), (BSB F ), (CSC F ), (F SS ) intersect for the second time on F F 0
0 0 0 0

(8) Circles (ASA F 0 ), (BSB F 0 ), (CSC F 0 ) intersect for the second time on (SA SB SC )
0 0 0
(9) Circles (ASA SA ), (BSB SB ), (CSC SC ) are coaxial
Consider the first isodynamic point S of SA SB SC .
(10) S lies on (F SS 0 )
(11) ∠ASA S = ∠BSB S = ∠CSC S = ∠SF S.

A
Sa

C0
B0
P
L1 F S1
S

Sc Sb
C B

0
A

7.8.1(1, 2, 3)

L2

0
SA A
F0

SA C0

B0 S
F
A 0 SB
S S
S0 SC
0 SA C 0
SB C B
B0 FS
SB 0
SC A
C B

A0
S2
0
SC

7.8.1(5, 6) 7.8.1(4, 6, 10)

7.8.2. Let F1 , F2 be the first and second Fermat points of a triangle ABC.
(1) First and second isodynamic points of AF1 F2 coincide with the second intersection points BA , CA of (BF1 F2 ),
(CF1 F2 ) with BA, CA, respectively. Similarly define points AB , CB , AC , BC
Consider the first and second isodynamic points Sa , Sa0 of F1 AB AC . Similarly define Sb , Sb0 , Sc , Sc0 .
(2) Points Sa0 , Sb0 , Sc0 lie on the sides of ABC
(3) Sa Sb Sc and Sa0 Sb0 Sc0 are collinear and these two lines are parallel. Moreover, if we construct the similar two lines
for F2 then all these four lines are parallel
(4) Sa0 coincides with the first isodynamic point of F1 BC CB , and the second isodynamic point of F1 BC CB lies on
(AF1 F2 ). Similarly for Sb0 , Sc0
78
 (5) Consider any point P and let Q be the first isodynamic point of P BC CB . If P lies on (BF1 F2 ) then circles
(P F1 AC ), (QF2 AB ) and the line BC are coaxial; and if P lies on (CF1 F2 ) then circles (P F1 AB ), (QF2 AC ) and
the line BC are coaxial.
It is possible to apply all the facts from the blog post to the triangle ABC and points F1 , F2 , AB , AC , BA , BC , CA , CB .
Define the points AH BH CH AG BG CG as in blog post (9, 10).
(6) F1 , F2 coincide with the first and second isodynamic points of AH BH CH and AG BG CG
(7) BG , CG coincide with the first and second isodynamic points of AH F1 F2 . Similarly for BH , CH .
CA
CA

F2
A
A F2
BA
BA

Sc

AC Sa
AB
Sb AB
F1
AC BG C H
Sb0 AH AG
F1
CB C Sa0 BC B

CG BH
CB C BC B
Sc0

7.8.2(1, 2, 3, 4) 7.8.2(6, 7)
LIST OF PHRASES

79
FERMAT POINTS – ISODYNAMIC POINTS – CIRCUMCENTERS
7.9.1. Let F be the first Fermat point of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the cevian triangle of F wrt ABC. Consider
the first isodynamic points S, Sa , Sb , Sc , Ss of ABC, AB 0 C 0 , BC 0 A0 , CA0 B 0 , Sa Sb Sc .
Consider the circumcenters (and similar ones for each of the remaining vertices B, C)

Oa1 =A Oa6 of F B 0 C 0 Oa11 of F Sb Sc Oa16 of Sa Sb Sc

Oa2 = A0 Oa7 of ASa F Oa12 of Ss Sb Sc Oa17 = Ss
Oa3 = Sa Oa8 of ASa Ss Oa13 =F Oa18 = S
Oa4 of F BC Oa9 of ASa S Oa14 of ABC
Oa5 of SBC Oa10 = BC ∩ B 0 C 0 Oa15 of A0 B 0 C 0

For numbers 1 ≤ n, m, k, l ≤ 18 we will wright the code

(n, k) if the triangles Oan Obn Ocn , Oak Obk Ock are perspective
(n, kl) if Oan Obn Ocn is perspective to the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obk Ock Oal , Oak Ock Obl , Oak Obk Ocl
respectively
(nm, kl) if the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obn Ocn Oam , Oan Ocn Obm , Oan Obn Ocm is perspective to the
triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obk Ock Oal , Oak Ock Obl , Oak Obk Ocl respectively
(n, klm) if Oan Obn Ocn is perspective to the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Oak Oal Oam , Obk Obl Obm , Ock Ocl Ocm
respectively
(nkl) if the circumcenters of Oan Oak Oal , Obn Obk Obl , Ocn Ock Ocl are collinear
(nk, l) if the triangle formed with lines Oan Oak , Obn Obk , Ocn Ock is perspective to Oal Obl Ocl
We have the following properties-codes of the forms (n, k), (n, kl), (nm, kl), (n, klm), (nkl), (nk, l)
(1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 12), (4, 5), (4, 6), (4, 11), (11, 12), (1, 14), (1, 113), (1, 114), (1, 118), (1, 213),
(1, 41), (1, 414), (1, 418), (1, 513), (1, 514), (1, 101), (1, 1013), (1, 1118), (2, 113), (2, 23), (2, 26), (2, 213), (2, 215), (2, 62),
(2, 615), (2, 102), (2, 1013), (3, 316), (3, 317), (3, 1116), (3, 1216), (4, 13), (4, 14), (4, 15), (4, 16), (4, 17), (4, 18), (4, 19),
(4, 111), (4, 112), (4, 114), (4, 115), (4, 116), (4, 117), (4, 118), (4, 213), (4, 313), (4, 41), (4, 42), (4, 43), (4, 45), (4, 46),
(4, 48), (4, 49), (4, 410), (4, 411), (4, 412), (4, 413), (4, 414), (4, 415), (4, 416), (4, 417), (4, 418), (4, 514), (4, 74), (4, 1013),
(5, 13), (5, 14), (5, 15), (5, 16), (5, 17), (5, 18), (5, 19), (5, 111), (5, 112), (5, 113), (5, 114), (5, 115), (5, 116), (5, 117),
(5, 218), (5, 414), (5, 51), (5, 514), (5, 518), (5, 718), (6, 113), (6, 21), (6, 23), (6, 24), (6, 25), (6, 26), (6, 27), (6, 28),
(6, 29), (6, 211), (6, 212), (6, 214), (6, 215), (6, 216), (6, 217), (6, 218), (6, 61), (6, 62), (6, 63), (6, 64), (6, 65), (6, 67),
(6, 68), (6, 69), (6, 610), (6, 611), (6, 612), (6, 613), (6, 614), (6, 615), (6, 616), (6, 617), (6, 618), (6, 1013), (6, 1113),
(6, 1118), (7, 74), (7, 1013), (8, 1017), (10, 14), (10, 26), (10, 1013), (11, 113), (11, 31), (11, 32), (11, 34), (11, 35), (11, 36),
(11, 37), (11, 38), (11, 39), (11, 310), (11, 311), (11, 312), (11, 314), (11, 315), (11, 316), (11, 317), (11, 318), (11, 613), (11, 711),
(12, 31), (12, 32), (12, 34), (12, 35), (12, 36), (12, 37), (12, 38), (12, 39), (12, 310), (12, 311), (12, 312), (12, 313), (12, 314),
(12, 315), (12, 316), (12, 318), (12, 123), (12, 1216), (12, 1217), (14, 26), (113, 213), (113, 313), (113, 41), (113, 42), (113, 43),
(113, 45), (113, 46), (113, 48), (113, 49), (113, 410), (113, 411), (113, 412), (113, 413), (113, 414), (113, 415), (113, 416),
(113, 417), (113, 418), (113, 514), (113, 74), (113, 1013), (114, 414), (114, 514), (118, 218), (118, 414), (118, 51), (118, 514),
(118, 518), (118, 718), (21, 1118), (23, 1116), (213, 61), (213, 62), (213, 63), (213, 64), (213, 65), (213, 67), (213, 68), (213, 69),
(213, 610), (213, 611), (213, 612), (213, 613), (213, 614), (213, 615), (213, 616), (213, 617), (213, 618), (213, 1013), (213, 1113),
(213, 1118), (215, 615), (218, 1113), (218, 1118), (313, 613), (313, 711), (316, 1216), (317, 123), (317, 1216), (317, 1217), (41, 51),
(45, 54), (45, 1118), (413, 513), (413, 1113), (414, 514), (414, 1014), (414, 1118), (415, 515), (416, 516), (417, 517), (418, 518),
(418, 1118), (514, 1118), (61, 1118), (62, 1118), (63, 1118), (64, 1118), (65, 1118), (67, 1118), (68, 1118), (69, 1118), (610, 1118),
(611, 1118), (612, 1118), (613, 1118), (614, 1118), (615, 1015), (615, 1118), (616, 1118), (617, 1118), (618, 1118), (1116, 1216),
(1, 11318), (4, 41314), (5, 51418), (5, 91018), (6, 61315), (7, 1218), (7, 1718), (11, 111316), (12, 121617), (1218), (1313), (1413),
(1414), (1514), (1518), (1718), (11013), (2613), (2615), (21013), (21113), (21118), (3613), (31216), (31217), (4513), (4515),
(4516), (4517), (4518), (41014), (41118), (61015), (61118), (17, 4), (17, 5), (17, 11), (19, 4), (110, 1), (110, 2), (110, 4), (110, 6),
(27, 4), (27, 11), (210, 2), (210, 4), (210, 5), (210, 6), (211, 3), (37, 4), (37, 11), (37, 12), (38, 11), (39, 12), (310, 1), (310, 2),
(47, 4), (47, 11), (410, 1), (410, 2), (57, 1), (57, 4), (57, 11), (510, 1), (510, 2), (67, 4), (67, 6), (67, 11), (610, 1), (610, 2),
(78, 2), (78, 4), (78, 11), (79, 2), (79, 4), (79, 11), (710, 1), (710, 2), (710, 4), (710, 11), (711, 4), (711, 11), (712, 3), (712, 4),
(712, 11), (89, 2), (89, 4), (89, 11), (810, 1), (810, 2), (910, 1), (910, 2), (910, 4), (910, 6), (1011, 1), (1011, 2), (1012, 1),
(1012, 2).

LIST OF PHRASES

80
 FERMAT POINTS – EULER REFLECTION POINTS
7.10.1. Let F1 , F2 be the first and second Fermat points of a triangle ABC. Consider the Euler reflection points Ea ,
Eb , Ec of AF1 F2 , BF1 F2 , CF1 F2 .
(1) Points Ea , Eb , Ec lie on the altitudes of ABC
Denote by Eaa , Ebb , Ecc the Euler reflection points of Ea F1 F2 , Eb F1 F2 , Ec F1 F2 .
(2) Circle (Eaa Ebb Ecc ) goes through the Parry point of ABC
It is possible to apply all the facts from the blog post to the triangle ABC and points F1 , F2 , and define the points AB ,
AC , BA , BC , CA , CB , H, G, AH BH CH , AG BG CG as in blog post (1 – 10).
(3) Points Ea , Eb , Ec coincide with the Euler reflection points of AAB AC , BBA BC , CCA CB
(4) Triangle Ea Eb Ec coincides with the triangle AH BH CH
(5) Points H, G coincide with the Euler reflection points of AH BH CH and AG BG CG , respectively
Consider the Euler reflection points Eah , Eag of AH AB AC , AG F1 F2 , respectively. Similarly define Ebh , Ech , Ebg , Ecg .
(6) Lines AEah , BEbh , CEch are concurrent
(7) Lines AEag , BEbg , CEcg form a triangle which is perspective to ABC with the perspector – isogonal conjugation
of the Euler reflection point of ABC wrt ABC.

A A

F2 A F2 Eag
P
Ebb F2 BA

Ecc Ebg Ecg

AC
Ea Ec
BG AB
F1 Ec = CH CG
AH = Ea F1 G AG
Eaa F 1 BG
Eb H AG
C B
CG C B
Eb = B H

C BC B

7.10.1(2) 7.10.1(3, 4, 5) 7.10.1(7)

7.10.2. Let F be the first Fermat point of a triangle ABC. Consider the second Fermat points Fa , Fb , Fc of F BC,
F AC, F AB. Denote by E, EA , EB , EC the Euler reflection points of ABC, AFb Fc , BFa Fc , CFa Fb .
(1) EA EB EC E is cyclic. Moreover, (EA EB EC ) ∩ (ABC) = E, L where L = (AFb Fc ) ∩ (BFa Fc ) ∩ (CFa Fb )
(2) Lines AEA , BEB , CEC form a triangle A0 B 0 C 0 which is perspective to both Fa Fb Fc and EA EB EC
Consider the Euler reflection points E 0 , EA 0
, EB 0
, EC 0
of Fa Fb Fc , Fa BC, Fb AC, Fc AB.
(3) EA EB EC E is cyclic. Moreover, (EA EB EC ) ∩ (Fa Fb Fc ) = E 0 , L0 where L0 is the second Fermat point of ABC
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0
(4) Circumcenters of EA EB EC E, EA EB EC E 0 lie on the line which is parallel to F T where T = AFa ∩ BFb ∩ CFc
0 0 0 0 0 0
(5) AEA EB EC , BEB EA EC , CEC EA EB are cyclic and their circumcircles meet at E
0 0 0
(6) Fa EA EB EC , Fb EB EA EC , Fc EC EA EB are cyclic and their circumcircles meet at E 0
0 0 0
(7) Circles (E AEA ), (E BEB ), (E CEC ) intersect for the second time on (ABC)
(8) Circles (L0 AEA ), (L0 BEB ), (L0 CEC ) intersect for the second time on (EA EB EC )
0 0 0
(9) Circles (EFa EA ), (EFb EB ), (EFc EC ) intersect for the second time on (Fa Fb Fc )
0 0 0 0 0 0
(10) Circles (LFa EA ), (LFb EB ), (LFc EC ) intersect for the second time on (EA EB EC )
Consider the Euler reflection points Ea , Eb , Ec , Ea0 , Eb0 , Ec0 of F BC, F AC, F AB, F Fb Fc , F Fa Fc , F Fa Fb .
(11) Quadrilaterals F Ea Eb Ec , F Ea0 Eb0 Ec0 are cyclic
(12) Perpendicular bisectors of Ea0 EA , Eb0 EB , Ec0 EC form a triangle which is perspective to Fa Fb Fc
0 0 0
(13) Perpendicular bisectors of Ea EA , Eb EB , Ec EC form a triangle which is perspective to ABC
Consider the second intersection points A00 , B 00 , C 00 of circles (SEa Ea0 ), (SEb Eb0 ), (SEc Ec0 ), respectively.
(14) Points A00 , B 00 , C 00 lie on the circles (AF Fa ), (BF Fb ), (CF Fc )
(15) Point F , the circumcenter O0 of Fa Fb Fc , and the second intersection point T 0 of (AF Fa ), (BF Fb ), (CF Fc ) lie
on the Neuberg cubic of A00 B 00 C 00 . Moreover, T 0 coincides with the third intersection point of the line through F
and the circumcenter of A00 B 00 C 00 with the Neuberg cubic of A00 B 00 C 00 .
For other results that belong to the current phrase see also the phrase P – Euler reflection points.
LIST OF PHRASES

81
 FERMAT POINTS – RADICAL LINES
7.12.1. Let F be the first Fermat point of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of F wrt ABC.
Consider the intersections Ab , Ac of B 0 C 0 with AB, AC, respectively. Similarly define Ba , Bc , Ca , Cb . Consider the
second Fermat points Fab , Fac of AAb C 0 , AAc B 0 , similarly define Fba , Fbc , Fca , Fcb . Then the radical line of (Fab Fbc Fca ),
(Fba Fcb Fac ) goes through F .

Fab
C0
A

Ab

Fac Ac
Ba Fba
B0
F
Ca
Fca
C Cb Bc B

Fcb A0
Fbc

7.12.1

LIST OF PHRASES

82
 ISODYNAMIC POINTS
Note that any inversion sends the first and second isodynamic points of a triangle to the first and second isodynamic
points of the image of this triangle. Also for a given triangle ABC there always exists an inversion sending ABC to
the equilateral triangle A0 B 0 C 0 and the first isodynamic point S of ABC to the center of A0 B 0 C 0 . So, for example, the
following statement holds – Let S be the first isodynamic point of a triangle ABC. Consider the fist isodynamic points
Sa , Saa of S1 BC, Sa BC. Similarly define Sb , Sc , Sbb , Scc . Then there is an inversion sending ABC to the equialteral
triangle A0 B 0 C 0 , Sa Sb Sc to the midpoint triangle of A0 B 0 C 0 , and Saa Sbb Scc to the circumevain triangle of the center of
A0 B 0 C 0 wrt A0 B 0 C 0 .
8.1.1. Let S be the first isodynamic point of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of S wrt ABC.
Consider the first isodynamic points Sa , Sb , Sc of A0 BC, B 0 AC, C 0 AB. Then Sa Sb Sc is perspective to both ABC and
A0 B 0 C 0 .
A
A
C0

Sbb Scc B0
Sb
Sc
Sb Sc

C Sa B S

Sa
Saa C B

8.1.1 A0

LIST OF PHRASES

83
 ISODYNAMIC POINTS – EULER REFLECTION POINTS
8.6.1. Let S be the first isodynamic point of a triangle ABC. Consider the Euler reflection points E, Ea , Eb , Ec of
ABC, SBC, SAC, SAB.
(1) Quadrilaterals SEa Eb Ec , AEb Ec E, BEa Ec E, CEa Eb E are cyclic
(2) E coincides with the second isodynamic point of Ea Eb Ec
(3) Euler reflection point of Ea Eb Ec lies on the circle Ω with diameter SL, where L divides OS in ratio 1 : 2 (O is
the circumcenter of ABC)
Consider the Euler reflection points Eaa , Ebb , Ecc of AEb Ec , BEa Ec , CEa Eb .
(4) Circle (Eaa Ebb Ecc ) is tangent to (ABC) at E
0 0 0
Let Eaa , Ebb , Ecc be the Euler reflection points of EEb Ec , EEa Ec , EEa Eb .
0 0 0
(5) Circle (Eaa Ebb Ecc ) is tangent to (ABC) at E
Consider the second intersection points AB , AC of (AEb Ec E) with AB, AC. Similarly define BA , BC , CA , CB . Denote
00 00 00
by Eaa , Ebb , Ecc the Euler reflection points of ABA CA , BAB CB , CAC BC .
00 00 00
(6) Triangle Eaa Ebb Ecc is perspective to ABC.
A A A

Eaa

CA AB
0
Ecc
Eb Eb Eb
00
0 Eaa
Ec Ebb Ec Ec
Ea Ea Ea
E E 0
Eaa E
Ebb AC
S S S
BA
00
Ebb
Ecc
C B C B C B

00 CB
Ecc
8.6.1(1, 2) 8.6.1(4, 5) 8.6.1(6)
8.6.2. Let S be the first isodynamic point of a triangle ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be the circumcevian triangle of S wrt ABC.
Consider the Euler reflection points E, E 0 , EA , EA 0
of ABC, A0 B 0 C 0 , AB 0 C 0 , A0 BC, similarly define EB , EB
0 0
, EC , EC .
0 0 0 0 0 0
(1) Lines AEA , BEB , CEC ; A EA , B EB , C EC are concurrent at P ; Q on OS, where O is the circumcenter of
ABC. In fact, P , Q are the concurrent points of lines from the vertices of ABC; A0 B 0 C 0 joining the respective
circumcenters of SBC, SAC, SAB; SB 0 C 0 , SA0 C 0 , SA0 B 0
(2) Lines EE 0 , EA EA 0
, EB EB 0
, EC EC0
are concurrent at the midpoint of OS
Denote by Ea , Ea the Euler reflection points of SBC, SB 0 C 0 , similarly define Eb , Eb0 , Ec , Ec0 .
0

(3) Quadrilaterals SEa Eb Ec , SEa0 Eb0 Ec0 are cyclic and their circumcenters coincide with the intersection points of
EE 0 with lines through S and its isogonal conjugations wrt A0 B 0 C 0 , ABC respectively
(4) Perpendicular bisectors of Ea Ea0 , Eb Eb0 , Ec Ec0 coincide with the lines through O and parallel to AS, BS, CS
Consider the second intersection points A00 , B 00 , C 00 of circles (SEa Ea0 ), (SEb Eb0 ), (SEc Ec0 ) respectively.
(5) Points A00 , B 00 , C 00 lie on the lines AS, BS, CS. Points O, S coincide with the circumcenter and orthocenter of
A00 B 00 C 00 .
A
E0 C0 C0

A A
Eb0 Eb0
Eb
0 0
B Eb B Eb
O E0 O Scc
a
Ea Sc
S S Ea0 Ec
Ec0 Ec0 L
Ea Sb
Ea
Ec Ec Sbb
S
C B C B
Sa
C B
A0 A0 Saa

E
8.6.2(2, 3, 4) 8.6.2(5) 8.6.1(3) and 8.6.3(1)

84
 8.6.3. Let S be the first isodynamic point of a triangle ABC. Consider the first isodynamic points Sa , Saa of SBC,
Sa BC. Similarly define Sb , Sc , Sbb , Scc . Denote by Ea , Eb , Ec , Ea0 , Eb0 , Ec0 the Euler reflection points of SBC, SAC,
SAB, SB 0 C 0 , SA0 C 0 , SA0 B 0 . From 8.6.1(1) we know that SEa Eb Ec , SEa0 Eb0 Ec0 are cyclic.
(1) Since triangles ABC, Saa Sbb Scc share the same circumcircle and the first isodynamic point S, we have that ABC,
Saa Sbb Scc share the same circle Ω (defined as in 8.6.1(3)) which contains the Euler reflection points of Ea Eb Ec ,
Ea0 Eb0 Ec0 . Moreover, Ω also contains the Euler reflection points of SASaa , SBSbb , SCScc
Consider the second intersection points A00 , B 00 , C 00 of circles (SEa Ea0 ), (SEb Eb0 ), (SEc Ec0 ) respectively.
(2) Point S and the second isodynamic point S 0 of ABC coincide with the first and second isodynamic points of
A00 B 00 C 00
(3) Midpoint of OS lies on (A00 B 00 C 00 ), where O is the circumcenter of ABC
(4) Circles (ASaa A00 ), (BSbb B 00 ), (CScc C 00 ) meet at two points P , Q, where P coincides with the second intersection
point of OS with (A00 B 00 C 00 ), and Q coincides with the reflection of O wrt S 0
Consider the first isodynamic points Saaa , Sbbb , Sccc of Saa BC, Sbb AC, Scc AB. Denote by EA , EB , EC the Euler
reflection points of ASa Saaa , BSb Sbbb , CSc Sccc .
(5) Triangle EA EB EC is perspective to ABC
(6) Euler reflection points of ABC, Sa Sb Sc , Saa Sbb Scc , Saaa Sbbb Sccc and both S, S 0 lie on the same circle.
Scc

Ea0
C 00
Sbb Eb
Ea
P Eb0

S O
A00 B 00 Ec
Ec0
C B

8.6.3(2, 3, 4)

Saa

Sccc

Scc
EC

Sc
Sbbb Sbb
Sb EB
S

EA

C B
Sa

Saa

Saaa

8.6.3(5)

LIST OF PHRASES

85
 P – EUL REF POINTS – CIRCUMCENTERS
8.7.1. Let P denote one of the next centers of a triangle ABC – incenter I, orthocenter H, Fermat point F , or
isodynamic point S. Consider the Euler reflection points E, Ea , Eb , Ec of ABC, P BC, P AC, P AB. Let O be the
circumcenter of ABC.
Consider the circumcenters1 (and similar ones for each of the remaining vertices B, C)

Oa1 of P Ea BC Oa4 of AOb1 Oc1 E Oa7 = Ea Oa10 = E

Oa2 of AEb Ec E Oa5 of P Ob1 Oc1 Ea Oa8 of P Ea Eb Ec Oa11 = O
Oa3 of OOa2 Ea E Oa6 = A Oa9 = P Oa12 of Oa1 Oa8 Ea E

For numbers 1 ≤ n, m, k, l ≤ 12 we will wright the code

(n, k) if the triangles Oan Obn Ocn , Oak Obk Ock are perspective
(n, kl) if Oan Obn Ocn is perspective to the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obk Ock Oal , Oak Ock Obl , Oak Obk Ocl
respectively
(n, klm) if Oan Obn Ocn is perspective to the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Oak Oal Oam , Obk Obl Obm , Ock Ocl Ocm
respectively
(nm, kl) if the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obn Ocn Oam , Oan Ocn Obm , Oan Obn Ocm is perspective to the
triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obk Ock Oal , Oak Ock Obl , Oak Obk Ocl respectively
(nkl) if the circumcenters of Oan Oak Oal , Obn Obk Obl , Ocn Ock Ocl are collinear
We have the following properties-codes of the forms (n, k), (n, kl), (n, klm), (nm, kl), (nkl), respectively
(1) for P – Incenter
(1, 5), (1, 6), (1, 7), (2, 6), (2, 7), (5, 6), (1, 12), (1, 17), (1, 19), (1, 111), (1, 28), (1, 51), (1, 52), (1, 53), (1, 54), (1, 56), (1, 57), (1, 58), (1, 59), (1, 510), (1, 512),
(1, 62), (1, 63), (1, 64), (1, 65), (1, 68), (1, 611), (1, 612), (1, 71), (2, 18), (2, 111), (2, 21), (2, 28), (2, 210), (2, 211), (2, 32), (2, 71), (2, 72), (2, 73), (2, 74), (2, 75),

(2, 78), (2, 712), (2, 122), (2, 128), (2, 1211), (3, 111), (3, 611), (5, 12), (5, 13), (5, 14), (5, 15), (5, 18), (5, 111), (5, 112), (5, 59), (5, 511), (5, 67), (5, 69), (6, 15),
(6, 17), (6, 19), (6, 111), (6, 51), (6, 52), (6, 53), (6, 54), (6, 56), (6, 57), (6, 58), (6, 59), (6, 510), (6, 511), (6, 512), (6, 67), (6, 69), (6, 611), (6, 76), (6, 710),
(7, 28), (7, 511), (7, 67), (7, 69), (7, 76), (7, 78), (7, 710), (12, 21), (12, 28), (12, 210), (12, 68), (12, 511), (12, 67), (12, 69), (12, 611), (12, 122), (15, 51), (15, 59),
(15, 65), (17, 59), (17, 511), (17, 67), (17, 69), (18, 58), (18, 68), (18, 76), (18, 78), (18, 710), (19, 59), (19, 511), (19, 67), (19, 69), (111, 51), (111, 59), (111, 511),
(111, 67), (111, 69), (111, 611), (111, 76), (111, 710), (21, 38), (21, 310), (21, 311), (21, 76), (21, 710), (28, 38), (28, 511), (28, 67), (28, 69), (28, 76), (28, 78), (28, 710),
(210, 38), (210, 310), (210, 311), (210, 76), (210, 710), (211, 311), (211, 76), (211, 710), (32, 76), (32, 710), (310, 1211), (51, 67), (51, 69), (52, 67), (52, 69), (53, 67),

(53, 69), (54, 67), (54, 69), (56, 67), (56, 69), (57, 67), (57, 69), (58, 67), (58, 69), (59, 67), (59, 69), (59, 611), (510, 67), (510, 69), (511, 62), (511, 63), (511, 64),
(511, 65), (511, 68), (511, 611), (511, 612), (511, 71), (512, 67), (512, 69), (67, 71), (69, 71), (76, 122), (76, 128), (76, 1211), (710, 122), (710, 128), (710, 1211), (1, 1610),
(1, 179), (1, 1712), (1, 1910), (1, 1911), (1, 279), (1, 379), (1, 479), (1, 579), (1, 679), (1, 789), (1, 7910), (1, 7911), (1, 7912), (1, 8910), (1, 81011), (1, 91011), (2, 1610),
(2, 1910), (2, 11011), (2, 2610), (2, 2810), (2, 3610), (2, 3812), (2, 4610), (2, 5610), (2, 6710), (2, 6810), (2, 6910), (2, 61011), (2, 61012), (2, 7911), (2, 8910), (2, 81011),
(2, 91011), (3, 125), (3, 135), (3, 145), (3, 156), (3, 157), (3, 159), (3, 1510), (3, 1511), (3, 1512), (3, 1610), (3, 1711), (3, 3711), (3, 3810), (3, 4711), (3, 5711), (3, 6711),

(3, 7811), (3, 7911), (3, 71112), (3, 8910), (4, 1610), (4, 7911), (4, 8910), (4, 81011), (4, 91011), (5, 1610), (5, 179), (5, 2611), (5, 279), (5, 2910), (5, 379), (5, 479),
(5, 569), (5, 5611), (5, 579), (5, 5911), (5, 679), (5, 6910), (5, 6911), (5, 789), (5, 7910), (5, 7911), (5, 7912), (5, 8910), (5, 81011), (5, 91011), (6, 1610), (6, 61011),
(6, 7911), (6, 8910), (6, 81011), (6, 91011), (7, 1610), (7, 7911), (7, 8910), (7, 81011), (7, 91011), (12, 1210), (12, 1310), (12, 1410), (12, 1510), (12, 1610), (12, 1910), (12, 11011),
(12, 11012), (12, 7911), (12, 91011), (157), (159), (1511), (168), (1611), (178), (1710), (1711), (238), (2310), (2311), (2610), (278), (2710), (2711), (569), (5611), (5711),
(6711), (71112)

(2) for P – Orthocenter

(1, 5), (1, 6), (1, 7), (2, 4), (2, 6), (2, 7), (3, 4), (3, 6), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 6), (1, 17), (1, 19), (1, 111), (1, 28), (1, 49), (1, 411), (1, 59), (1, 511), (1, 61), (1, 62),
(1, 63), (1, 64), (1, 65), (1, 68), (1, 611), (1, 612), (2, 16), (2, 18), (2, 110), (2, 111), (2, 28), (2, 210), (2, 211), (2, 32), (2, 411), (2, 71), (2, 72), (2, 73), (2, 74),
(2, 75), (2, 78), (2, 711), (2, 712), (2, 122), (2, 124), (3, 16), (3, 110), (3, 111), (3, 611), (4, 12), (4, 13), (4, 14), (4, 15), (4, 17), (4, 18), (4, 19), (4, 111), (4, 112),
(4, 411), (4, 59), (4, 61), (4, 65), (4, 611), (4, 76), (4, 78), (4, 710), (4, 122), (4, 124), (5, 12), (5, 13), (5, 14), (5, 15), (5, 16), (5, 18), (5, 110), (5, 111), (5, 112),

(5, 59), (5, 61), (5, 67), (5, 69), (5, 611), (6, 12), (6, 13), (6, 14), (6, 15), (6, 16), (6, 17), (6, 18), (6, 19), (6, 110), (6, 112), (6, 49), (6, 51), (6, 59), (6, 67), (6, 69),
(6, 611), (6, 76), (6, 710), (6, 711), (7, 28), (7, 61), (7, 67), (7, 69), (7, 76), (7, 78), (7, 710), (12, 28), (12, 210), (12, 68), (12, 59), (12, 122), (13, 59), (14, 59), (14, 611),
(15, 59), (16, 411), (16, 59), (16, 61), (16, 65), (16, 611), (16, 76), (16, 78), (16, 710), (16, 122), (16, 124), (17, 59), (17, 61), (17, 67), (17, 69), (17, 611), (18, 58),
(18, 59), (18, 75), (18, 76), (18, 78), (18, 710), (19, 59), (19, 61), (19, 67), (19, 69), (19, 611), (110, 411), (110, 59), (110, 61), (110, 65), (110, 611), (110, 76), (110, 78),
(110, 710), (110, 122), (110, 124), (111, 49), (111, 51), (111, 59), (111, 67), (111, 69), (111, 611), (111, 76), (111, 710), (111, 711), (112, 59), (28, 67), (28, 69), (28, 76),
(28, 78), (28, 710), (210, 310), (210, 76), (210, 710), (210, 711), (211, 310), (211, 311), (211, 411), (211, 51), (211, 76), (211, 710), (211, 711), (32, 76), (32, 710), (310, 411),

(49, 59), (49, 510), (49, 61), (49, 62), (49, 63), (49, 64), (49, 65), (49, 67), (49, 68), (49, 69), (49, 611), (49, 612), (411, 51), (411, 511), (411, 67), (411, 69), (411, 76),
(411, 710), (51, 411), (51, 61), (51, 71), (51, 78), (56, 65), (58, 61), (58, 68), (58, 71), (58, 78), (59, 67), (59, 69), (511, 67), (511, 69), (511, 611), (61, 71), (611, 71),
(611, 711), (71, 611), (76, 122), (76, 124), (710, 122), (710, 124), (1, 179), (1, 1910), (1, 1911), (1, 249), (1, 279), (1, 379), (1, 479), (1, 579), (1, 679), (1, 789), (1, 7910),
(1, 7911), (1, 7912), (1, 8910), (1, 8911), (1, 81011), (1, 91011), (2, 1610), (2, 1910), (2, 11011), (2, 2410), (2, 2610), (2, 2810), (2, 3610), (2, 4610), (2, 5610), (2, 6710),
(2, 6810), (2, 6910), (2, 61011), (2, 61012), (2, 8910), (2, 8911), (2, 81011), (2, 91011), (3, 3410), (3, 3411), (3, 8910), (3, 8911), (4, 1610), (4, 234), (4, 246), (4, 2410),
(4, 2610), (4, 2611), (4, 2710), (4, 2711), (4, 2810), (4, 21011), (4, 3610), (4, 4610), (4, 4910), (4, 4911), (4, 5610), (4, 6710), (4, 6810), (4, 6910), (4, 6911), (4, 61011),

(4, 61012), (4, 7910), (4, 71011), (4, 8910), (4, 8911), (4, 81011), (4, 91011), (5, 179), (5, 279), (5, 379), (5, 479), (5, 4910), (5, 579), (5, 679), (5, 6910), (5, 6911),
(5, 789), (5, 7910), (5, 7911), (5, 7912), (5, 8910), (5, 8911), (5, 81011), (5, 91011), (6, 2611), (6, 2710), (6, 2711), (6, 2811), (6, 21011), (6, 4611), (6, 6910), (6, 6911),
(6, 61011), (6, 7911), (6, 71011), (6, 8910), (6, 8911), (6, 81011), (6, 91011), (7, 169), (7, 8910), (7, 8911), (7, 81011), (7, 91011), (12, 8911), (12, 91011), (159), (169), (1611),
(178), (1710), (1711), (2310), (2311), (278), (2710), (2711), (4511), (568), (5610), (5611), (578), (6711)

1We consider the circumcenter of a quadrialteral P QRT only if P QRT is cyclic and this fact is considered as a separate statement.

86
 (3) for P – Fermat point
(1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (1, 7), (2, 4), (2, 6), (2, 7), (3, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (6, 7), (1, 12), (1, 13), (1, 14), (1, 15), (1, 16), (1, 17), (1, 18), (1, 19), (1, 110), (1, 111),
(1, 112), (1, 28), (1, 210), (1, 48), (1, 411), (1, 58), (1, 511), (1, 61), (1, 62), (1, 63), (1, 64), (1, 65), (1, 68), (1, 611), (1, 78), (1, 128), (2, 16), (2, 18), (2, 110),
(2, 111), (2, 21), (2, 28), (2, 210), (2, 211), (2, 32), (2, 48), (2, 61), (2, 71), (2, 72), (2, 73), (2, 74), (2, 75), (2, 78), (2, 711), (2, 712), (2, 122), (2, 124), (2, 126),

(2, 1210), (3, 16), (3, 110), (3, 111), (3, 34), (3, 310), (3, 311), (3, 43), (3, 410), (3, 411), (3, 611), (4, 12), (4, 13), (4, 14), (4, 15), (4, 17), (4, 18), (4, 19), (4, 111),
(4, 112), (4, 28), (4, 43), (4, 47), (4, 48), (4, 410), (4, 411), (4, 67), (4, 69), (4, 76), (4, 78), (4, 710), (4, 711), (4, 122), (4, 124), (4, 126), (4, 1210), (5, 12), (5, 13),
(5, 14), (5, 15), (5, 16), (5, 18), (5, 110), (5, 111), (5, 112), (5, 58), (5, 59), (5, 67), (5, 69), (6, 12), (6, 16), (6, 18), (6, 110), (6, 111), (6, 61), (6, 67), (6, 69), (6, 611),
(6, 74), (6, 76), (6, 78), (6, 710), (6, 711), (6, 126), (6, 1210), (7, 18), (7, 28), (7, 211), (7, 48), (7, 410), (7, 62), (7, 63), (7, 64), (7, 65), (7, 67), (7, 68), (7, 69), (7, 611),
(7, 71), (7, 72), (7, 73), (7, 74), (7, 75), (7, 76), (7, 78), (7, 710), (7, 711), (7, 712), (7, 128), (12, 28), (12, 210), (12, 48), (12, 410), (12, 68), (12, 67), (12, 69), (12, 74),
(12, 122), (13, 67), (13, 69), (14, 67), (14, 69), (15, 67), (15, 69), (16, 28), (16, 43), (16, 47), (16, 48), (16, 410), (16, 411), (16, 67), (16, 69), (16, 76), (16, 78),

(16, 710), (16, 711), (16, 122), (16, 124), (16, 126), (16, 1210), (17, 58), (17, 59), (17, 67), (17, 69), (18, 48), (18, 58), (18, 61), (18, 67), (18, 69), (18, 76), (18, 78),
(18, 710), (19, 58), (19, 59), (19, 67), (19, 69), (110, 28), (110, 43), (110, 47), (110, 48), (110, 410), (110, 411), (110, 67), (110, 69), (110, 76), (110, 78), (110, 710),
(110, 711), (110, 122), (110, 124), (110, 126), (110, 1210), (111, 43), (111, 410), (111, 411), (111, 58), (111, 67), (111, 69), (111, 611), (111, 76), (111, 710), (111, 711), (111, 126),
(111, 1210), (111, 1211), (112, 67), (112, 69), (21, 310), (21, 76), (21, 710), (24, 311), (24, 124), (28, 311), (28, 48), (28, 410), (28, 61), (28, 62), (28, 63), (28, 64), (28, 65),
(28, 67), (28, 68), (28, 69), (28, 611), (28, 76), (28, 78), (28, 710), (28, 128), (210, 310), (210, 311), (210, 48), (210, 410), (210, 67), (210, 69), (210, 76), (210, 710),

(210, 711), (210, 126), (210, 1210), (211, 310), (211, 311), (211, 411), (211, 61), (211, 76), (211, 710), (211, 711), (32, 76), (32, 710), (310, 126), (310, 1210), (311, 48), (42, 122),
(47, 129), (48, 58), (48, 61), (48, 62), (48, 63), (48, 64), (48, 65), (48, 67), (48, 68), (48, 69), (48, 611), (48, 76), (48, 710), (48, 128), (49, 510), (410, 61), (410, 126),
(410, 1210), (411, 511), (411, 67), (411, 69), (58, 67), (58, 69), (511, 67), (511, 69), (61, 71), (61, 72), (61, 73), (61, 74), (61, 75), (61, 76), (61, 78), (61, 710), (61, 711),
(61, 712), (61, 128), (62, 128), (63, 128), (64, 128), (65, 128), (67, 78), (67, 128), (68, 128), (69, 78), (69, 128), (611, 711), (611, 128), (611, 1211), (74, 124), (76, 122),
(76, 124), (76, 126), (76, 1210), (710, 122), (710, 124), (710, 126), (710, 1210), (711, 126), (711, 1210), (711, 1211), (1, 179), (1, 1910), (1, 1911), (1, 279), (1, 379), (1, 479),
(1, 579), (1, 679), (1, 789), (1, 7910), (1, 7911), (1, 7912), (1, 8910), (1, 8911), (1, 81011), (1, 91011), (1, 91012), (2, 1410), (2, 1411), (2, 1610), (2, 1910), (2, 11011),

(2, 248), (2, 2410), (2, 2610), (2, 2810), (2, 3610), (2, 31011), (2, 4610), (2, 4810), (2, 41011), (2, 5610), (2, 6710), (2, 6810), (2, 6910), (2, 61011), (2, 61012), (2, 8910),
(2, 8911), (2, 81011), (2, 91011), (3, 1311), (3, 3410), (3, 3411), (3, 4811), (3, 8910), (3, 8911), (4, 1510), (4, 1610), (4, 179), (4, 234), (4, 248), (4, 2410), (4, 2610),
(4, 279), (4, 2710), (4, 2711), (4, 2810), (4, 21011), (4, 3610), (4, 379), (4, 4610), (4, 479), (4, 4810), (4, 5610), (4, 579), (4, 679), (4, 6710), (4, 6810), (4, 6910), (4, 61011),
(4, 61012), (4, 789), (4, 7910), (4, 7911), (4, 7912), (4, 71011), (4, 8910), (4, 8911), (4, 81011), (4, 91011), (5, 149), (5, 179), (5, 279), (5, 379), (5, 479), (5, 579), (5, 589),
(5, 679), (5, 6910), (5, 6911), (5, 789), (5, 7910), (5, 7911), (5, 7912), (5, 8910), (5, 8911), (5, 81011), (5, 91011), (6, 246), (6, 248), (6, 2410), (6, 2810), (6, 4810), (6, 679),
(6, 6810), (6, 61011), (6, 8910), (6, 8911), (6, 81011), (6, 91011), (7, 157), (7, 679), (7, 789), (7, 8910), (7, 8911), (7, 81011), (7, 91011), (12, 3811), (12, 8911), (12, 91011),

(1410), (1411), (159), (169), (1611), (178), (1710), (1712), (11012), (11112), (2310), (2311), (248), (2410), (268), (2710), (2711), (2812), (21012), (31012), (4511), (468),
(4812), (41012), (6711), (6812), (61112), (71012), (71112)

(4) for P – Isodynamic point

(1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (1, 7), (2, 4), (2, 6), (2, 7), (3, 4), (4, 5), (1, 14), (1, 15), (1, 16), (1, 17), (1, 19), (1, 110), (1, 111), (1, 28), (1, 41), (1, 49), (1, 411), (1, 51),

(1, 510), (1, 511), (1, 61), (1, 62), (1, 63), (1, 64), (1, 65), (1, 68), (1, 611), (1, 612), (2, 15), (2, 16), (2, 18), (2, 110), (2, 111), (2, 27), (2, 28), (2, 210), (2, 211), (2, 32),
(2, 49), (2, 510), (2, 71), (2, 72), (2, 73), (2, 74), (2, 75), (2, 78), (2, 711), (2, 712), (2, 122), (2, 124), (2, 128), (3, 15), (3, 16), (3, 110), (3, 111), (3, 49), (3, 510),
(3, 611), (4, 12), (4, 13), (4, 14), (4, 17), (4, 18), (4, 19), (4, 111), (4, 112), (4, 41), (4, 42), (4, 43), (4, 45), (4, 46), (4, 47), (4, 48), (4, 49), (4, 410), (4, 411),
(4, 510), (4, 67), (4, 69), (4, 76), (4, 78), (4, 710), (4, 122), (4, 124), (5, 12), (5, 13), (5, 15), (5, 16), (5, 18), (5, 110), (5, 111), (5, 112), (5, 49), (5, 51), (5, 52),
(5, 53), (5, 54), (5, 56), (5, 57), (5, 58), (5, 59), (5, 510), (5, 511), (5, 512), (5, 67), (5, 69), (6, 111), (6, 49), (6, 510), (6, 67), (6, 69), (6, 611), (6, 76), (6, 710),
(7, 28), (7, 49), (7, 510), (7, 61), (7, 67), (7, 69), (7, 76), (7, 78), (7, 710), (7, 711), (12, 28), (12, 210), (12, 49), (12, 58), (12, 510), (12, 68), (12, 124), (12, 49), (12, 510),

(12, 122), (13, 49), (13, 510), (14, 49), (14, 51), (14, 52), (14, 53), (14, 54), (14, 56), (14, 57), (14, 58), (14, 59), (14, 510), (14, 511), (14, 512), (14, 67), (14, 69),
(15, 41), (15, 42), (15, 43), (15, 45), (15, 46), (15, 47), (15, 48), (15, 49), (15, 410), (15, 411), (15, 510), (15, 67), (15, 69), (15, 76), (15, 78), (15, 710), (15, 122),
(15, 124), (16, 41), (16, 42), (16, 43), (16, 45), (16, 46), (16, 47), (16, 48), (16, 49), (16, 410), (16, 411), (16, 510), (16, 67), (16, 69), (16, 76), (16, 78), (16, 710),
(16, 122), (16, 124), (17, 49), (17, 51), (17, 52), (17, 53), (17, 54), (17, 56), (17, 57), (17, 58), (17, 59), (17, 510), (17, 511), (17, 512), (17, 67), (17, 69), (18, 49),
(18, 58), (18, 510), (18, 76), (18, 78), (18, 710), (19, 49), (19, 51), (19, 52), (19, 53), (19, 54), (19, 56), (19, 57), (19, 58), (19, 59), (19, 510), (19, 511), (19, 512),

(19, 67), (19, 69), (110, 41), (110, 42), (110, 43), (110, 45), (110, 46), (110, 47), (110, 48), (110, 49), (110, 410), (110, 411), (110, 510), (110, 67), (110, 69), (110, 76),
(110, 78), (110, 710), (110, 122), (110, 124), (111, 49), (111, 411), (111, 510), (111, 67), (111, 69), (111, 611), (111, 76), (111, 710), (111, 711), (112, 49), (112, 510), (21, 49),
(21, 510), (24, 49), (24, 510), (25, 49), (25, 510), (26, 49), (26, 510), (27, 311), (27, 49), (27, 510), (27, 76), (27, 710), (27, 124), (28, 49), (28, 510), (28, 67), (28, 69),
(28, 76), (28, 78), (28, 710), (28, 128), (29, 49), (29, 510), (210, 310), (210, 49), (210, 510), (210, 76), (210, 710), (210, 711), (210, 1210), (211, 311), (211, 49), (211, 411),
(211, 510), (211, 76), (211, 710), (211, 711), (31, 49), (31, 510), (32, 49), (32, 510), (32, 76), (32, 710), (34, 49), (34, 510), (35, 49), (35, 510), (36, 49), (36, 510), (37, 49),
(37, 510), (38, 49), (38, 510), (39, 49), (39, 510), (310, 49), (310, 510), (311, 49), (311, 510), (312, 49), (312, 510), (41, 51), (41, 510), (41, 67), (41, 69), (42, 510),

(43, 510), (45, 510), (46, 510), (47, 510), (48, 510), (49, 51), (49, 52), (49, 53), (49, 54), (49, 56), (49, 57), (49, 58), (49, 59), (49, 511), (49, 512), (49, 61), (49, 62),
(49, 63), (49, 64), (49, 65), (49, 67), (49, 68), (49, 69), (49, 611), (49, 612), (49, 71), (49, 72), (49, 73), (49, 74), (49, 75), (49, 76), (49, 78), (49, 710), (49, 711),
(49, 712), (49, 121), (49, 122), (49, 123), (49, 124), (49, 125), (49, 126), (49, 127), (49, 128), (49, 129), (49, 1210), (49, 1211), (410, 510), (411, 510), (411, 511), (411, 67),
(411, 69), (51, 61), (51, 62), (51, 63), (51, 64), (51, 65), (51, 67), (51, 68), (51, 69), (51, 611), (51, 612), (510, 61), (510, 62), (510, 63), (510, 64), (510, 65), (510, 67),
(510, 68), (510, 69), (510, 611), (510, 612), (510, 71), (510, 72), (510, 73), (510, 74), (510, 75), (510, 76), (510, 78), (510, 710), (510, 711), (510, 712), (510, 121), (510, 122),
(510, 123), (510, 124), (510, 125), (510, 126), (510, 127), (510, 128), (510, 129), (510, 1210), (510, 1211), (511, 67), (511, 69), (61, 71), (611, 711), (76, 122), (76, 124), (76, 128),

(710, 122), (710, 124), (710, 128), (1, 149), (1, 1510), (1, 179), (1, 1910), (1, 1911), (1, 279), (1, 379), (1, 479), (1, 5610), (1, 579), (1, 679), (1, 789), (1, 7910), (1, 7911),
(1, 7912), (1, 8910), (1, 8911), (1, 81011), (1, 91011), (2, 1510), (2, 1610), (2, 1910), (2, 11011), (2, 2610), (2, 2810), (2, 3610), (2, 4610), (2, 4711), (2, 5610), (2, 5810),
(2, 6710), (2, 6810), (2, 6910), (2, 61011), (2, 61012), (2, 8910), (2, 8911), (2, 81011), (2, 91011), (3, 3410), (3, 3411), (3, 4510), (3, 5610), (3, 8910), (3, 8911), (4, 149),
(4, 1510), (4, 1610), (4, 234), (4, 2410), (4, 2510), (4, 2610), (4, 2710), (4, 2711), (4, 2810), (4, 21011), (4, 3510), (4, 3610), (4, 4510), (4, 4610), (4, 479), (4, 4710),
(4, 4711), (4, 4910), (4, 4911), (4, 5710), (4, 5810), (4, 5910), (4, 51011), (4, 51012), (4, 6710), (4, 6810), (4, 6910), (4, 61011), (4, 61012), (4, 7910), (4, 7911), (4, 71011),
(4, 8910), (4, 8911), (4, 81011), (4, 91011), (5, 149), (5, 1510), (5, 1610), (5, 179), (5, 249), (5, 279), (5, 349), (5, 379), (5, 456), (5, 459), (5, 469), (5, 489), (5, 4910),

(5, 4911), (5, 4912), (5, 569), (5, 5610), (5, 5611), (5, 579), (5, 5910), (5, 679), (5, 6910), (5, 6911), (5, 789), (5, 7910), (5, 7911), (5, 7912), (5, 8910), (5, 8911), (5, 81011),
(5, 91011), (6, 61011), (6, 8910), (6, 8911), (6, 81011), (6, 91011), (7, 4711), (7, 8910), (7, 8911), (7, 81011), (7, 91011), (12, 8911), (12, 91011), (1410), (1411), (159), (169),
(1611), (178), (1710), (1711), (2310), (2311), (245), (278), (2710), (2711), (349), (4511), (6711), (2812), (21012) .
LIST OF PHRASES
87
 FEUERBACH POINTS – INC
9.1.1. Let F be the Feuerbach point of a triangle ABC and A1 B1 C1 , A2 B2 C2 , A0 B 0 C 0 be its midpoint triangle, orthic
triangle and a triangle formed with tangency points of the incircle of ABC.
(1) Incenters of F A1 A2 , F B1 B2 , F C1 C2 and F lie on the same circle
(2) Incenters of F A1 A0 , F B1 B 0 , F C1 C 0 and F lie on the same circle
(3) Consider the circle ω1 through the incenters of F A1 A0 , F B1 B 0 , F C1 C 0 , also let ω2 be the circle through the F –
excenters of F A1 A0 , F B1 B 0 , F C1 C 0 . Then ω1 , ω2 and the incircle of ABC are coaxial.

A A

C2
F F
C0

B1 C1 B1 C1

B0

B2

C B C B
A2 0
A
A1 A1

9.1.1(1) 9.1.1(2)

F
C0

B1
C1

B0

C B

A0 A1

9.1.1(3)

LIST OF PHRASES

88
 FEUERBACH POINTS – NPC
9.2.1. Let F be the Feuerbach point of a triangle ABC and A0 , B 0 , C 0 be the tangency points of the incircle of ABC
with its sides. Consider the midpoint triangle A1 B1 C1 of ABC. Then the nine-point centers of F A1 A0 , F B1 B 0 , F C1 C 0
form a triangle which is homothetic to A0 B 0 C 0 .

C0

B1 C1

B0

C B

A0 A1

9.2.1

LIST OF PHRASES

89
 FEUERBACH POINTS – CIRCUMCENTERS
9.3.1. Let F be the Feuerbach point of a triangle ABC and A1 B1 C1 , A2 B2 C2 , A0 B 0 C 0 be its midpoint triangle, orthic
triangle and a triangle formed with tangency points of the incircle of ABC. Denote by Oa , Ob , Oc , Oa0 , Ob0 , Oc0 the
circumcenters of F A0 A1 , F B 0 B1 , F C 0 C1 , F A0 A2 , F B 0 B2 , F C 0 C2 .
(1) Oa0 Ob0 Oc0 coincides with the circumcevian triangle of I wrt Oa Ob Oc
(2) The incenter, nine-point center and Feuerbach point F of ABC coincides with the orthocenter, circumcenter and
Kimberling center X186 of Oa Ob Oc ; and with the incenter, circumcenter and Kimberling center X36 of Oa0 Ob0 Oc0
(3) Lines Oa A1 , Ob B1 , Oc C1 are concurrent at the incenter of A1 B1 C1 which lies on (Oa Ob Oc )
(4) Lines Oa0 A0 , Ob0 B 0 , Oc0 C 0 are concurrent at the orthocenter of A0 B 0 C 0 .

A A A

B1 C1 B1 C1
0 Ob C0 Ob C0 0 C0
Oa C2 Oa C2
B0 I F B0 Oc0
Oc0 B0 NI NI
Oc F F
Oa Oc Oa
B2
B2 Ob0 Ob0

C A0 A1 B C A0 A1 B C A2 A0 B

A2
9.3.1(1) 9.3.1(2, 3) 9.3.1(2, 4)
9.3.2. Let F be the Feuerbach point of a triangle ABC. Consider the tangent point Fa of the nine-point circle of ABC
with its A – excircle (i.e. the external Feuerbach point of ABC), and let Fa0 denote the reflection of Fa wrt midpoint of
BC. Similarly define Fb , Fc , Fb0 , Fc0 . Consider the circumcenters Oa , Ob , Oc of F Fa Fa0 , F Fb Fb0 , F Fc Fc0 .
(1) Lines Oa Fa , Ob Fb , Oc Fc are concurrent at the point R lying on (Oa Ob Oc )
(2) (F, N, R) is the NNC-triple wrt Oa Ob Oc , where N is the nine-point center of ABC
(3) Lines passing through the respective vertices of the triangle ABC and parallel to Oa Fa , Ob Fb , Oc Fc are concurrent.
A

Fc
Fb0
Fb
Fc0
Ob
R
N
Oa

Oc

Fa0

C B

Fa

9.3.2(1, 2)
LIST OF PHRASES

90
 ISOGONAL CONJUGATIONS
10.1.1. Consider any triangle ABC and a point P . Consider any three points A0 , B 0 , C 0 on sides BC, AC, AB. Let
P 0 , Pa , Pb , Pc be the isogonal conjugations of P wrt ABC, AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0 and let P∗ be the isogonal conjugation
of P 0 wrt Pa Pb Pc . Consider the isogonal conjugations P a , P b , P c of A, B, C wrt P B 0 C 0 , P A0 C 0 , P A0 B 0 , respectively,
and let P ∗ be the isogonal conjugation of P wrt P a P b P c . Then Pa Pb Pc P 0 P∗ and P a P b P c P ∗ P are equal figures (i.e.
they have equal sides).

Pc

Pa

P∗

C0
B0

P
P0
Pb

Pb
C A0 B
P∗
Pc
Pa

10.1.1

LIST OF PHRASES

91
 ISOGONAL POINTS – INC
10.2.1. Let P , Q be two isogonal points of a triangle ABC. Consider the incenters Ia , Ib , Ic , Ia0 , Ib0 , Ic0 of P BC, P AC,
P AB, QBC, QAC, QAB respectively. Then the lines Ia Ia0 , Ib Ib0 , Ic Ic0 form a triangle which is perspective to ABC.

Ib0
Ic0

Ib Ic

P Ia0

C Ia

10.2.1

LIST OF PHRASES

92
 ISOGONAL POINTS – INC – ISOGONAL CONJUGATIONS
10.3.1. Let P , Q be two isogonal points of a triangle ABC. Consider the incenters Ia , Ib , Ic , Ia0 , Ib0 , Ic0 of P BC, P AC,
P AB, QBC, QAC, QAB respectively. Let `a be the line through the isogonal conjugations of Ia , Ia0 wrt ABC. Similarly
define `b , `c .
(1) Lines `a , `b , `c form a triangle which is perspective to ABC
Consider the line `0a through the isogonal conjugations of Ia , Ia0 wrt QBC, P BC respectively. Similarly define `0b , `0c .
(2) Lines `0a , `0b , `0c form a triangle which is perspective to ABC.

LIST OF PHRASES

93
 ISOGONAL POINTS – NPC
10.4.1. Let P , Q be two isogonal points of a triangle ABC and M be the midpoint of P Q. Consider the nine-point
centers N , Na , Nb , Nс , Na0 , Nb0 , Nc0 of the triangles ABC, P BC, P AC, P AB, QBC, QAC, QAB respectively. Denote
by Np , Nq the nine-point centers of Na Nb Nc , Na0 Nb0 Nc0 .
(1) Line Np Nq goes through the midpoint of N M and is parallel to P Q
Consider the generalized nine-point center N = N (Na Nb Nc , Na0 Nb0 Nc0 ).
(2) Point N lies on N M .

Na0
Nb0 Nb

P M Q
N
Na
Nq Np

Nc
C
B

Nc0

10.4.1(1, 2)

LIST OF PHRASES

94
 ISOGONAL POINTS – NPC – ISOGONAL CONJUGATIONS
10.5.1. Let P , Q be two isogonal points of a triangle ABC. Let M be the midpoint of P Q. Consider the nine-point
centers N , Na , Nb , Nc of ABC, AP Q, BP Q, CP Q respectively. Let `a be the line through the nine-point centers of
P BC, QBC, similarly define `b , `c . Consider the triangle A0 B 0 C 0 formed with lines `a , `b , `c .
(1) Isogonal conjugation F of M wrt Na Nb Nc coincides with the Poncelet point of ABCD, where D is the isogonal
conjugation of the infinite point on P Q wrt ABC
(2) Isogonal conjugation R of F wrt A0 B 0 C 0 coincides with the intersection point of the lines through N , A0 , B 0 , C 0
and perpendicular to P Q, BC, AC, AB respectively
(3) Isogonal conjugation S of N wrt A0 B 0 C 0 coincides with the perspective center of Na Nb Nc and A0 B 0 C 0
(4) Isogonal conjugation L of S wrt Na Nb Nc coincides with the reflection of N wrt perspective axis of Na Nb Nc and
A0 B 0 C 0
−−→
(5) Parallel translation on vector N F sends N M R to F LK, where K is the orthopole of P Q wrt ABC.

L
Na
K
A0
Nc

N
Nb
S
B0
Q
C0
P
M `a

C
B

10.5.1(1 - 5)

LIST OF PHRASES

95
 ISOGONAL POINTS – NPC – RADICAL LINES
10.6.1. Let P , Q be two isogonal points of a triangle ABC. Consider the nine-point circles ωa , ωb , ωc , ωa0 , ωb0 , ωc0 of
P BC, P AC, P AB, QBC, QAC, QAB. Then the radical lines of pairs of circles ωa , ωa0 ; ωb , ωb0 ; ωc , ωc0 are concurrent.
A

Q
P

C B

10.6.1

10.6.2. Let P , Q be two isogonal points of a triangle ABC and let ω be the common pedal circle of P , Q wrt ABC.
Consider the nine-point circles ωa , ωb , ωc , ωa0 , ωb0 , ωc0 of P BC, P AC, P AB, QBC, QAC, QAB. Let (H, ω) be the
Poincaré disk model corresponding to the circle ω.
(1) The hyperbolic radical lines of pairs of circles ωa , ωa0 ; ωb , ωb0 ; ωc , ωc0 in the Poincaré disk model (H, ω) are
concurrent
Consider the nine-point centers Na , Nb , Nc , Na0 , Nb0 , Nc0 of P BC, P AC, P AB, QBC, QAC, QAB.
(2) Let ` be the hyperbolic radical line of circles (Na Nb Nc ), (Na0 Nb0 Nc0 ) in the Poincaré disk model (H, ω). Then the
inversion wrt ` sends the Poncelet point of ABCP to the Poncelet point of ABCQ
(3) Hyperbolic radical line ` goes through the Poncelet points of ABCM 0 , ABCW 0 , where M 0 , W 0 are the isogonal
conjugations of the midpoint M of P Q, and the infinite point W on P Q wrt ABC, respectively.
A
A

ω
ω

Q
P

C B C B

10.6.2(1) 10.6.2(2, 3)
10.6.3. Let P , Q; P 0 , Q0 be two pairs of isogonal points of a triangle ABC such that P Q k P 0 Q0 . Consider the
generalized nine-point circles ωa = N (P BC, P 0 BC), ωa0 = N (QBC, Q0 BC), similarly define ωb , ωc , ωb0 , ωc0 . Then the
radical lines of pairs of circles ωa , ωa0 , ωb , ωb0 ; ωc , ωc0 are concurrent.

LIST OF PHRASES

96
 ISOGONAL POINTS – ORTHOCENTERS
10.7.1. Let P , Q be two isogonal points of a triangle ABC. Consider the orthocenters Ha , Hb , Hc , Ha0 , Hb0 , Hc0 of
P BC, P AC, P AB, QBC, QAC, QAB.
(1) Points Ha Hb Hc Ha0 Hb0 Hc0 P Q lie on the same conic
(2) Lines Ha Ha0 , Hb Hb0 , Hc Hc0 form a triangle A0 B 0 C 0 which is perspective to ABC with the perspective point -
infinite point on the line perpendicular to P Q
Consider the triangle 4a formed with lines BC, Hb Hc , Hb0 Hc0 , similarly define 4b , 4c . Denote by Haa , Hbb , Hcc the
orthocenters of 4a , 4b , 4c .
(3) Lines AHaa , BHbb , CHcc are concurrent at the orthocenter H of ABC
(4) Haa Hbb Hcc H is cyclic
By XY
\ Z denote the directed angle XY Z i.e. XY \ Z = −ZY \ X (mod 180◦ ). Let Sa denote the area of 4a , similarly
define Sb , Sc .
       
cos P \ AB + ABC
\ cos P \AB + BCA
\ cos P \BC + CP[ A :
       
(5) (Sa : Sb : Sc ) =  cos P \ BC + BCA
\ cos P \BC + CAB\ cos P[ CA + AP\ B : .
 
       
cos P[ CA + CAB
\ cos P[ CA + ABC
\ cos P \AB + BP\ C

Ha
Ha0

B0
Ha
Ha0
C0
A
A

A0
H

Hcc
Hbb
Hc0 Hb Q
Q P P

Haa
C B Hb0
Hc

C B
Hb0
Hc 10.7.1(1, 2) Hb

Hc0
10.7.1(4, 5)

P
\ AB

C B

CP
[ A P
\ BC
10.7.1(5)

LIST OF PHRASES

97
ISOGONAL POINTS – ORTHOCENTERS – ISOGONAL CONJUGATIONS
10.8.1. Let P , Q be two isogonal points of a triangle ABC. Consider the orthocenters Ha , Hb , Hc , Ha0 , Hb0 , Hc0 of
P BC, P AC, P AB, QBC, QAC, QAB respectively. Let `a be the line through the isogonal conjugations of Ha , Ha0 wrt
ABC. Similarly define `b , `c .
(1) Lines `a , `b , `c form a triangle which is perspective to ABC with the perspective point lying on (ABC)
Consider the line `0a through the isogonal conjugations of Ha , Ha0 wrt QBC, P BC respectively. Similarly define `0b , `0c .
(2) Lines `0a , `0b , `0c form a triangle which is homothetic to ABC.

`0c
Q
P

`0b
Q
C `b `c B P
B

`a
C
`0a

10.8.1(1) 10.8.1(2)

LIST OF PHRASES

98
 ISOGONAL POINTS – CIRCUMCENTERS
10.9.1. Let P , Q be two isogonal points of a triangle ABC. Consider the circumcenter quadrilaterals OOap Obp Ocp ,
0 0 0
Op Oap Obp Ocp and Op0 Oap
00 00
Obp 00
Ocp 0
of quadrilaterals P ABC, OOap Obp Ocp , Op Oap 0
Obp 0
Ocp respectively. Similarly define
0
points Oq , Oq .
(1) Points O, Op , Oq lie on the same line which is parallel to P Q
(2) Lines Op Oq , P Oq0 , QOp0 are concurrent at O
(3) Points P , Q, Op , Oq , Op0 , Oq0 lie on the same conic.

A A
0
Oap

Obp
Ocp
00
Obp Oq
00
Ocp Q
Q
Oq0
O
P P O

Op0 Op0
C Op B Op B
C
0 0
Ocp Obp

Oap

00
Oap

10.9.1 Construction of Op , Op0 10.9.1(1) and (2)

Op0
Oq0

Oq Op
O

Q P

C B

10.9.1(3)

LIST OF PHRASES

99
 ISOGONAL POINTS – FERMAT POINTS
10.10.1. Let P , Q be two isogonal points of a triangle ABC. Consider the second Fermat points Fa , Fa0 of P BC, QBC.
Similarly define Fb , Fb0 , Fc , Fc0 . Then the lines Fa Fa0 , Fb Fb0 , Fc Fc0 form a triangle which is perspective to ABC.

Fb0 Fc

Fc0
Fb

Q
P

C B

Fa Fa0

10.10.1

LIST OF PHRASES

100
 APOLLONIAN TRIANGLES – EULER LINES
11.1.1. Let A0 B 0 C 0 be the inner Apollonian triangle of a triangle ABC.
(1) Euler lines of ABC, AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0 are concurrent
(2) Euler lines of A0 B 0 C 0 , A0 BC, B 0 AC, C 0 AB are concurrent.

A
A

C0
B0 B0 C0

A0
A0

C C
B B

11.1.1(1) 11.1.1(2)

LIST OF PHRASES

101
 APOLLONIAN TRIANGLES – EULER REFLECTION POINTS
11.2.1. Let A0 B 0 C 0 be the inner Apollonian triangle of a triangle ABC. Consider the Euler reflection points E, Ea ,
Eb , Ec of ABC, AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0 .
(1) EEa Eb Ec is cyclic
(2) Lines AEa , BEb , CEc form a triangle which is perspective to A0 B 0 C 0
Consider the Euler reflection points E 0 , Ea0 , Eb0 , Ec0 of A0 BC, B 0 AC, C 0 AB.
(3) The inversion with negative radius sending A → A0 , B → B 0 , C → C 0 also sends E → E 0 , Ea → Ea0 , Eb → Eb0 ,
Ec → Ec0 .

A
A
Ea
Ea

Eb0 Ec0
C0
E B 0 C0
B0

E0
Ea0
A0 A0

C B C B
Ec
Ec
Eb Eb

11.2.1(1) 11.2.1(3)

LIST OF PHRASES

102
APOLLONIAN TRIANGLES – EUL REF POINTS – RADICAL LINES
11.3.1. Let A0 B 0 C 0 be the inner Apollonian triangle of a triangle ABC. Consider the Euler reflection points Ea , Eb ,
Ec , Ea0 , Eb0 , Ec0 of AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0 , A0 BC, B 0 AC, C 0 AB, respectively. Let `a be the radical line of (Ea Eb Ec ) and
(1) (AB 0 C 0 )
(2) (AEb0 Ec0 )
(3) (Ea Eb0 Ec0 )
Similarly define `b , `c (for each of the three cases). Then `a , `b , `c form a triangle which is perspective to Ea Eb Ec .

A
Ea

C0
B0

A0
C B
Ec
Eb 11.3.1(1)

A
Ea

Eb0 Ec0

C0
B0

Ea0

A0
C B
Ec
Eb 11.3.1(2)

LIST OF PHRASES

103
 MORLEY TRIANGLES – CIRCUMCENTERS
12.1.1. Let A0 B 0 C 0 be the inner Morley triangle of a triangle ABC. Consider the circumcenters Oa1 , Ob1 , Oc1 , Oa2 , Ob2 ,
Oc2 of AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0 , A0 BC, B 0 AC, C 0 AB, respectively.
(1) Lines Oa1 Oa2 , Ob1 Ob2 , Oc1 Oc2 goes through A0 , B 0 , C 0 ; and Ob1 Oc1 Ob2 Oc2 , Oa1 Oc1 Oa2 Oc2 , Oa1 Ob1 Oa2 Ob2 are cyclic quadri-
laterals which circumcenters form a triangle homothetic to A0 B 0 C 0 and inscribed in (ABC)
(2) Circles (AOa1 A0 ), (BA0 C 0 ), (CA0 B 0 ), (Ob2 AC), (Oc2 AB), (Ob1 Oc1 Ob2 Oc2 ) are concurrent
(3) Circles (AOa1 A0 ), (BOb1 B 0 ), (COc1 C 0 ) are coaxial
(4) Circles (AOa1 Oa2 ), (BOb1 Ob2 ), (COc1 Oc2 ) are coaxial
Consider the t-points At , Bt , Ct of AOa1 , BOb1 , COc1 , i.e. |Oa1 At |/|Oa1 A| = t and so on.
(5) Circles (At Oa1 A0 ), (Bt Ob1 B 0 ), (Ct Oc1 C 0 ) are coaxial. And if t = 1 we have got the circles from (3)
Let the lines through At , Bt , Ct and perpendicular to AOa1 , BOb1 , COc1 , respectively, form a triangle Pat Pbt Pct .
Consider the circumcenters1 (and similar ones for each of the remaining vertices B, C)

Oa3 of Oa2 Ob1 Oc1 Oa8 of AOa6 Ob5 Oc5 Oa13 = Pa0 Oa17 = A0
Oa4 of Oa1 Ob2 Oc2 Oa9 of Ob5 Oc5 Ob2 Oc2 Oa14 = Pa1 Oa18 of ABC
Oa5 of Oa2 BC Oa10 of AOa1 A0 Oa15 = Pa
1/2 Oa19 of A0 B 0 C 0
Oa6 of Ob1 Oc1 Ob2 Oc2 Oa11 of AOa1 Oa2 Oa16 =A
Oa7 of AOa6 Ob2 Oc2 Oa12 of A0 Oa1 A0

(6) Oa10 Ob10 Oc10 = Oa1 Ob1 Oc1 ∩ Oa5 Ob5 Oc5 ∩ Oa15 Ob15 Oc15 . Where ∩ denote the intersection of triangles
(7) Oa11 Ob11 Oc11 = Oa6 Ob6 Oc6 ∩ Oa15 Ob15 Oc15
(8) Oa12 Ob12 Oc12 = Oa3 Ob3 Oc3 ∩ Oa13 Ob13 Oc13
(9) Figure 12.1.1(9) illustrates the perspectivity and similarity (and parallelity) graphs, which are perfect. Where the
vertices Oai represent the triangles Oai Obi Oci , 1 ≤ i ≤ 19.

Oa2 Oa2

Oa13 Oa13
Oa1 Oa1

Oa14 Oa14
Oa17 Oa17

Oa3 Oa5 Oa3 Oa5

Oa15 Oa15

Oa6 Oa6
Oa4 Oa4

88 Oa7 88 Oa7
O
Oa
a O
Oa
a

Oa9 Oa9
12.1.1(9) Colored perspectivity and 12.1.1(9) Colored perspectivity and
similarity graph parallelity graph

12.1.2. Let A0 B 0 C 0 be the inner Morley triangle of a triangle ABC. Consider the circumcenters Oa1 , Ob1 , Oc1 , Oa2 , Ob2 ,
Oc2 of AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0 , A0 BC, B 0 AC, C 0 AB, respectively. Denote by Oan Obn Ocn the triangles as in the previous
theorem 12.1.1 for 1 ≤ n ≤ 19.
For numbers 1 ≤ n, m, k, l ≤ 19 we will wright the code
(n, k) if the triangles Oan Obn Ocn , Oak Obk Ock are perspective
(n, kl) if Oan Obn Ocn is perspective to the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obk Ock Oal , Oak Ock Obl , Oak Obk Ocl
respectively

1We consider the circumcenter of a quadrialteral P QRT only if P QRT is cyclic and this fact is considered as a separate statement.

104
 (nm, kl) if the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obn Ocn Oam , Oan Ocn Obm , Oan Obn Ocm is perspective to the
triangle formed with the circumcenters of Obk Ock Oal , Oak Ock Obl , Oak Obk Ocl respectively
(n, klm) if Oan Obn Ocn is perspective to the triangle formed with the circumcenters of Oak Oal Oam , Obk Obl Obm , Ock Ocl Ocm
respectively
(nkl) if the circumcenters of Oan Oak Oal , Obn Obk Obl , Ocn Ock Ocl are collinear
(nk, l) if the triangle formed with lines Oan Oak , Obn Obk , Ocn Ock is perspective to Oal Obl Ocl
We have the following properties-codes of the forms (n, k), (n, kl), (nm, kl), (n, klm), (nkl), (nk, l)

(1, 2), (1, 5), (1, 15), (1, 17), (2, 5), (2, 13), (2, 14), (2, 17), (3, 4), (3, 6), (3, 8), (3, 13), (3, 14), (3, 15), (3, 17), (4, 6),
(4, 7), (4, 9), (4, 14), (5, 6), (5, 7), (5, 14), (5, 15), (5, 17), (6, 7), (6, 8), (6, 9), (6, 15), (6, 17), (7, 8), (7, 9), (8, 9),
(9, 16), (13, 14), (13, 15), (13, 17), (14, 15), (14, 17), (15, 17), (16, 17), (1, 119), (1, 24), (1, 219), (1, 51), (1, 101), (1, 162),
(1, 1617), (1, 171), (1, 172), (1, 173), (1, 174), (1, 175), (1, 176), (1, 177), (1, 178), (1, 179), (1, 1710), (1, 1711), (1, 1712),
(1, 1713), (1, 1714), (1, 1715), (1, 1718), (1, 1719), (2, 16), (2, 119), (2, 219), (2, 518), (2, 161), (2, 162), (2, 163), (2, 164),
(2, 165), (2, 167), (2, 168), (2, 169), (2, 1610), (2, 1611), (2, 1612), (2, 1613), (2, 1614), (2, 1615), (2, 1618), (2, 1619), (2, 171),
(2, 172), (2, 173), (2, 174), (2, 175), (2, 176), (2, 177), (2, 178), (2, 179), (2, 1710), (2, 1711), (2, 1712), (2, 1713), (2, 1714),
(2, 1715), (2, 1716), (2, 1718), (2, 1719), (3, 13), (3, 14), (3, 15), (3, 16), (3, 17), (3, 18), (3, 19), (3, 111), (3, 112), (3, 113),
(3, 114), (3, 115), (3, 116), (3, 117), (3, 118), (3, 119), (3, 21), (3, 56), (3, 516), (3, 123), (3, 171), (4, 12), (4, 23), (4, 24),
(4, 25), (4, 26), (4, 27), (4, 28), (4, 29), (4, 210), (4, 211), (4, 212), (4, 213), (4, 214), (4, 215), (4, 216), (4, 217), (4, 218),
(4, 219), (5, 26), (5, 216), (5, 218), (5, 61), (5, 63), (5, 64), (5, 618), (5, 105), (5, 161), (5, 163), (5, 164), (5, 165), (5, 167),
(5, 168), (5, 169), (5, 1610), (5, 1611), (5, 1612), (5, 1613), (5, 1614), (5, 1615), (5, 1617), (5, 1618), (5, 1619), (5, 1716), (6, 12),
(6, 13), (6, 14), (6, 15), (6, 16), (6, 17), (6, 18), (6, 19), (6, 111), (6, 112), (6, 113), (6, 114), (6, 115), (6, 116), (6, 117),
(6, 118), (6, 119), (6, 21), (6, 23), (6, 24), (6, 25), (6, 26), (6, 27), (6, 28), (6, 29), (6, 210), (6, 211), (6, 212), (6, 213),
(6, 214), (6, 215), (6, 216), (6, 217), (6, 218), (6, 219), (6, 43), (6, 56), (6, 57), (6, 58), (6, 516), (6, 61), (6, 62), (6, 63),
(6, 64), (6, 65), (6, 67), (6, 68), (6, 69), (6, 610), (6, 612), (6, 613), (6, 614), (6, 615), (6, 617), (6, 618), (6, 619), (6, 116),
(6, 162), (6, 1719), (7, 13), (7, 21), (7, 23), (7, 24), (7, 25), (7, 27), (7, 28), (7, 29), (7, 210), (7, 211), (7, 212), (7, 213),
(7, 214), (7, 215), (7, 217), (7, 218), (7, 219), (7, 56), (7, 516), (7, 63), (7, 64), (7, 618), (7, 162), (8, 12), (8, 13), (8, 14),
(8, 15), (8, 16), (8, 17), (8, 18), (8, 19), (8, 111), (8, 112), (8, 113), (8, 114), (8, 115), (8, 116), (8, 117), (8, 118), (8, 119),
(8, 26), (8, 216), (8, 51), (8, 52), (8, 53), (8, 54), (8, 57), (8, 58), (8, 59), (8, 511), (8, 512), (8, 513), (8, 514), (8, 515),
(8, 517), (8, 518), (8, 519), (9, 15), (9, 21), (9, 23), (9, 24), (9, 25), (9, 26), (9, 27), (9, 28), (9, 29), (9, 210), (9, 211),
(9, 212), (9, 213), (9, 214), (9, 215), (9, 216), (9, 217), (9, 218), (9, 219), (9, 51), (9, 52), (9, 53), (9, 54), (9, 56), (9, 57),
(9, 58), (9, 59), (9, 511), (9, 512), (9, 513), (9, 514), (9, 515), (9, 516), (9, 517), (9, 518), (9, 519), (11, 116), (13, 12), (13, 16),
(13, 119), (13, 718), (13, 818), (13, 1213), (13, 1617), (13, 171), (14, 12), (14, 21), (14, 64), (14, 718), (14, 818), (14, 162),
(14, 1617), (15, 12), (15, 618), (15, 718), (15, 818), (15, 1015), (15, 1115), (15, 162), (15, 1716), (16, 218), (16, 518), (16, 1614),
(16, 1618), (17, 12), (17, 119), (17, 219), (17, 618), (17, 162), (17, 1617), (17, 171), (17, 172), (17, 173), (17, 174), (17, 175),
(17, 176), (17, 177), (17, 178), (17, 179), (17, 1710), (17, 1711), (17, 1712), (17, 1713), (17, 1714), (17, 1715), (17, 1716), (17, 1718),
(17, 1719), (12, 21), (12, 56), (12, 516), (12, 123), (12, 171), (13, 26), (13, 216), (13, 56), (13, 516), (14, 56), (14, 516),
(15, 56), (15, 57), (15, 58), (15, 516), (16, 56), (16, 516), (16, 63), (16, 1617), (17, 56), (17, 516), (18, 56), (18, 516),
(19, 56), (19, 516), (111, 56), (111, 516), (112, 56), (112, 516), (113, 56), (113, 516), (114, 56), (114, 516), (115, 56), (115, 516),
(116, 56), (116, 516), (117, 56), (117, 516), (118, 218), (118, 56), (118, 516), (119, 219), (119, 51), (119, 56), (119, 516),
(119, 618), (119, 1617), (119, 175), (119, 1716), (119, 1719), (24, 43), (24, 1716), (25, 52), (26, 56), (26, 516), (26, 63),
(26, 64), (26, 618), (26, 162), (216, 56), (216, 516), (216, 63), (216, 64), (216, 618), (216, 162), (218, 518), (218, 63), (218, 64),
(218, 618), (218, 718), (218, 162), (219, 519), (219, 618), (219, 1617), (219, 175), (219, 1716), (219, 1719), (36, 46), (319, 419),
(43, 57), (43, 58), (43, 61), (43, 62), (43, 63), (43, 64), (43, 65), (43, 67), (43, 68), (43, 69), (43, 610), (43, 612), (43, 613),
(43, 614), (43, 615), (43, 617), (43, 618), (43, 619), (51, 1716), (57, 61), (57, 62), (57, 63), (57, 64), (57, 65), (57, 67),
(57, 68), (57, 69), (57, 610), (57, 612), (57, 613), (57, 614), (57, 615), (57, 617), (57, 618), (57, 619), (57, 165), (58, 61),
(58, 62), (58, 63), (58, 64), (58, 65), (58, 67), (58, 68), (58, 69), (58, 610), (58, 612), (58, 613), (58, 614), (58, 615),
(58, 617), (58, 618), (58, 619), (58, 165), (518, 1617), (61, 162), (63, 162), (64, 162), (618, 1118), (618, 162), (618, 1719),
(718, 818), (818, 165), (818, 1618), (101, 1716), (105, 162), (162, 1716), (1617, 177), (1617, 178), (1617, 179), (1617, 1710),
(1617, 1711), (1617, 1712), (1617, 1713), (1617, 1714), (1617, 1715), (1617, 1716), (1617, 1718), (1617, 1719), (171, 1617),
(172, 1617), (173, 1617), (174, 1617), (175, 1617), (176, 1617), (177, 1617), (6, 61016), (7, 1616), (7, 2616), (7, 3616), (7, 4616),
(7, 5616), (7, 6716), (7, 6816), (7, 6916), (7, 61016), (7, 61116), (7, 61216), (7, 61316), (7, 61416), (7, 61516), (7, 61617),
(7, 61618), (7, 61619), (8, 1616), (8, 2616), (8, 3616), (8, 4616), (8, 5616), (8, 6716), (8, 6816), (8, 6916), (8, 61016), (8, 61116),
(8, 61216), (8, 61316), (8, 61416), (8, 61516), (8, 61617), (8, 61618), (8, 61619), (14, 61618), (15, 21819), (125), (126), (1210),
(1216), (1218), (11617), (2519), (2618), (2718), (61118), (81618), (110, 1), (110, 2), (110, 3), (110, 5), (110, 15), (111, 6),
(111, 15), (112, 2), (112, 3), (112, 14), (112, 15), (112, 17), (210, 1), (210, 5), (210, 15), (211, 6), (211, 15), (212, 3), (212, 13),
(215, 15), (310, 1), (310, 5), (310, 15), (311, 4), (311, 6), (311, 15), (312, 3), (312, 13), (410, 1), (410, 5), (410, 15), (411, 2),
(411, 3), (411, 5), (411, 6), (411, 15), (412, 3), (412, 6), (412, 13), (510, 1), (510, 5), (510, 15), (510, 16), (511, 6), (511, 15),
(512, 3), (512, 13), (610, 1), (610, 5), (610, 15), (611, 5), (611, 6), (611, 15), (612, 3), (612, 4), (612, 13), (616, 2), (616, 3),
(616, 4), (616, 5), (616, 13), (616, 15), (616, 17), (710, 1), (710, 5), (710, 15), (711, 6), (711, 15), (712, 2), (712, 3), (712, 13),
(810, 1), (810, 5), (810, 15), (811, 6), (811, 15), (812, 3), (812, 5), (812, 13), (910, 1), (910, 5), (910, 15), (911, 6), (911, 15),
(912, 3), (912, 9), (912, 13), (1011, 1), (1011, 3), (1011, 5), (1011, 6), (1011, 13), (1011, 14), (1011, 17), (1012, 1), (1012, 3),
(1012, 4), (1012, 5), (1012, 6), (1012, 7), (1012, 13), (1012, 14), (1012, 15), (1012, 17), (1013, 1), (1013, 5), (1013, 15), (1014, 1),
(1014, 5), (1014, 15), (1015, 1), (1015, 5), (1015, 15), (1016, 1), (1016, 5), (1016, 15), (1017, 1), (1017, 5), (1017, 15), (1112, 3),
(1112, 6), (1112, 8), (1112, 13), (1112, 15), (1113, 6), (1113, 15), (1114, 6), (1114, 15), (1115, 6), (1115, 15), (1116, 6), (1116, 15),
105
(1117, 6), (1117, 15), (1213, 3), (1213, 13), (1214, 3), (1214, 13), (1215, 3), (1215, 13), (1216, 3), (1216, 13), (1217, 1), (1217, 3),
(1217, 9), (1217, 13), (1217, 16).

LIST OF PHRASES

106
 MORLEY TRIANGLES – CIRCUMCENTERS – EULER LINES
12.2.1. Let A0 B 0 C 0 be the inner Morley triangle of a triangle ABC. Consider the circumcenters Oa1 , Ob1 , Oc1 , Oa2 , Ob2 ,
Oc2 of AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0 , A0 BC, B 0 AC, C 0 AB, respectively.
(1) Euler lines of Oa1 Ob1 Oc1 , Oa2 Ob2 Oc2 , Oa1 Ob2 Oc2 , Ob1 Oa2 Oc2 , Oc1 Oa2 Ob2 , Oa2 Ob1 Oc1 , Ob2 Oa1 Oc1 , Oc2 Oa1 Ob1 are concurrent at
the circumcenter O of ABC
Denote by Oan Obn Ocn the triangles as in the theorem 12.1.1 for 1 ≤ n ≤ 19. For numbers 1 ≤ n, m, k, l ≤ 19 we will wright
the code
(n, k) if the Euler lines of triangles Obn Ocn Oak , Oan Ocn Obk , Oan Obn Ock are concurrent
(nkl) if the Euler lines of Oan Oak Oal , Obn Obk Obl , Ocn Ock Ocl are concurrent
(2) We have the following properties-codes of the forms (n, k), (nkl)
(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 6), (1, 8), (1, 19), (2, 1), (2, 4), (2, 6), (2, 7), (2, 9), (2, 19), (5, 8), (5, 9), (6, 4), (6, 16), (6, 17),
(6, 18), (6, 19), (16, 2), (16, 5), (16, 6), (16, 18), (17, 1), (17, 2), (17, 6), (17, 16), (17, 18), (17, 19), (1216), (6716),
(6816), (61618).

LIST OF PHRASES

107
 MORLEY TRIANGLES – EULER LINES
12.3.1. Let A0 B 0 C 0 be the Morley triangle of a triangle ABC.
(1) Euler lines of AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0 are concurrent
Let the Euler line of A0 BC meet the bigger arc BC of (ABC) at A1 . Similarly define B1 , C1 .
(2) A1 B1 C1 is homothetic to A0 B 0 C 0 .

B0 C0

A0
C B

12.3.1(1)

A1
A

B0 C0

A0

B
C

B1

C1

12.3.1(2)

LIST OF PHRASES

108
 MORLEY TRIANGLES – EULER REFLECTION POINTS
12.4.1. Let A0 B 0 C 0 be the inner Morley triangle of a triangle ABC. Consider the Euler reflection points Ea , Eb , Ec of
AB 0 C 0 , BA0 C 0 , CA0 B 0 .
(1) Perpendicular bisectors of AEa , BEb , CEc are concurrent at P
(2) Lines through Ea , Eb , Ec and perpendicular to, respectively, AEa , BEb , CEc are concurrent at Q
(3) Lines through A, B, C and perpendicular to, respectively, AEa , BEb , CEc are concurrent at R
Consider the Euler reflection points Ea0 , Eb0 , Ec0 of A0 BC, B 0 AC, C 0 AB.
(4) Perpendicular bisectors of A0 Ea0 , B 0 Eb0 , C 0 Ec0 are concurrent at Q
(5) Lines through Ea0 , Eb0 , Ec0 and perpendicular to, respectively, A0 Ea0 , B 0 Eb0 , C 0 Ec0 are concurrent at P
(6) Lines through A0 , B 0 , C 0 and perpendicular to, respectively, A0 Ea0 , B 0 Eb0 , C 0 Ec0 are concurrent at T

A A
Ea

Eb0

Ec0

C0 C0
B0 B0

Ea0
A0 A0

C B C B

Ec 12.4.1(1, 2, 3) 12.4.1(4, 5, 6)
Eb

LIST OF PHRASES

109
MORLEY TRIANGLES – EUL REF POINTS – CIRCUMCENTERS
12.5.1. Let A0 B 0 C 0 , A00 B 00 C 00 be the inner and outer Morley triangles of a triangle ABC. Let Ea be the Euler reflection
point of AB 0 C 0 . Similarly define Eb , Ec . Let Ea0 be the Euler reflection point of AB 00 C 00 . Similarly define Eb0 , Ec0 . Then
the triangle formed with the circumcenters of AEa Ea0 , BEb Eb0 , CEc Ec0 is homothetic to ABC.

Ea0
A

Ea

C 00

B 00

B0 C0

A0

Ec

Ec0 Eb0

Eb

A00

12.5.1

LIST OF PHRASES

110
 MORLEY TRIANGLES – RADICAL LINES
12.6.1. Let A0 B 0 C 0 be the Morley triangle of a triangle ABC. Then the radical lines of pairs of circles (AB 0 C 0 ), (A0 BC);
(BA0 C 0 ), (B 0 AC); (CA0 B 0 ), (C 0 AB) form an equilateral triangle which is homothetic to A0 B 0 C 0 and perspective to ABC.

LIST OF PHRASES

111
 MORLEY TRIANGLES – EQUILATERAL TRIANGLES
12.7.1. Let A0 B 0 C 0 be the Morley triangle of a triangle ABC. Consider the triangle 4a which is homothetic to A0 B 0 C 0
and is inscribed in AB 0 C 0 (i.e. vertices of 4a lie on the sides AB 0 , AC 0 , B 0 C 0 ). Let A1 be the reflection of the vertex of
4a which lies on B 0 C 0 wrt opposite side of 4a . Similarly define B1 , C1 . Then A1 B1 C1 is perspective to both ABC and
A0 B 0 C 0 .

A1

C0
B0

A0 B1
C1

12.7.1

LIST OF PHRASES

112
 REFERENCES
Here is a list of the authors of all the theorems in the paper.

A. Skutin: 1.1.1 – 1.1.2(3), 1.1.2(5) – 1.4.1(1), 1.4.1(4) – 1.11.2, 1.12.3 – 1.12.6, 1.13 – 1.15, 1.16.1(2) – 2.1.1,
2.3.1 – 4.21.5(1), 4.22.1 – 5.5.1, 6.1.1(2) – 7.9.1, 7.10.1(2) – 7.12.1, 8.2 –8.5, 8.6.1(2) – 9.1.1, 9.3.1 – 10.5.1,
10.6.2 – 12.1.1, 12.2.1(2) –12.2.1, 12.3.1(2) – 12.7.1.

T. Q. Hung: 1.16.1(1), 6.1.1(1), 7.10.1(1), 12.2.1(1).

A. Hatzipolakis: 1.4.1(3), 9.2.1, 10.6.1.

K. Altintas: 1.12.1, 4.21.5(2), 8.1.1, 8.6.1(1).

L. Steingarts: 1.1.2(4).

J. L. Ayme: 1.4.1(2).

Morendo: 1.12.2.

Van Lamoen: 2.2.1.

Zhao Yong: 12.3.1(1).

Theorem 1.7.4(1) is A. Skutin’s generalization of another theorem by A. Hatzipolakis.

Theorem 4.1.2 is found by A. Skutin and is based on another theorem by Angel Montesdeoca.

The code (2, 6) from Theorems 8.7.1(1, 2, 3, 4) is found by A. Skutin as the reformulated version of another
theorem by K. Altintas (which was originally proposed for Neuberg cubic).

113