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Unit 4.1.5. Jacobian Matrix Theory Part A

The Jacobian matrix relates an element's length in global coordinates to its length in natural coordinates. It contains the derivatives of global coordinates with respect to natural coordinates of an element. For 1D elements, the Jacobian relates the differential in x to the differential in ξ. For a 1D 2-node bar, the Jacobian is (x2-x1)/L. For 2D elements, the Jacobian relates derivatives of x and y with respect to ξ and η. Geometrically, the Jacobian represents the ratio of an area element in the real element to the corresponding area element in the master element.

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35 views1 page

Unit 4.1.5. Jacobian Matrix Theory Part A

The Jacobian matrix relates an element's length in global coordinates to its length in natural coordinates. It contains the derivatives of global coordinates with respect to natural coordinates of an element. For 1D elements, the Jacobian relates the differential in x to the differential in ξ. For a 1D 2-node bar, the Jacobian is (x2-x1)/L. For 2D elements, the Jacobian relates derivatives of x and y with respect to ξ and η. Geometrically, the Jacobian represents the ratio of an area element in the real element to the corresponding area element in the master element.

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Nagamani Arumugam
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© © All Rights Reserved
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SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

16AE308 FEM UNIT – IV

JACOBIAN MATRIX

What is a Jacobian matrix?

The Jacobian, J , relates an element length in the Global coordinate system to an element length in
Natural coordinate system. In general, J is a function of ξ ,η and depends on the numerical values
of the nodal coordinates.

It is a matrix that contains the derivatives of the global coordinates with respect to the natural
coordinates of a particular element.

Write the Jacobian for 1-D elements?

In one dimensional domain, the transformation from x-cordinate to ξ -coordinate is given by

L 1

∫ f ( x )dx = ∫ f (ξ ) J d ξ
0 −1

where J is the Jacobian.

In one-dimensional domain, the differential element dx in the global coordinate system x is related
dx
to the differential element d ξ in the natural coordinate system ξ by
= dx = d ξ Jd ξ where J is
dξ
dx d  m  m dN i
called the Jacobian of transformation.=
J =
d ξ=
∑ i i  ∑
d ξ  i 1 =
N =
x
i 1
xi
dξ

For a 1-D 2-noded linear bar element:

N1 =
(1 − ξ ) , N2 =
(1 + ξ ) , J = x1
dN1
+ x2
dN 2  1 1 1 L
= x1  −  + x2   = ( x2 − x1 )   =
2 2 dξ dξ  2 2 2 2

Jacobian for 2D elements

 ∂x ∂y   m dN i dN i   dN1 dN 2 dN m   x1 y1 
∑ ∑
m
 xi y ...  y2 
 ∂ξ =
∂ξ  1 1=
dξ 1 1 i
dξ   dξ dξ d ξ   x2
=J =   =   
 ∂x ∂y   m dN i dN i   dN1 dN 2 dN m   ... ... 
∑ xi dη ∑1 1 yi dη 
m
...  
 ∂η   1 1 =
 ∂η =

 dη
 dη dη   xm ym 

What is the importance of Jacobian matrix?

Geometrically, the Jacobean J represents the ratio of an area element in the real element to the
corresponding area element in the master element, dA ≡ dx dy = J d ξ dη . If J is zero, then a non-
zero area element in the real element is mapped into zero area in the master element, which is
unacceptable. Also if J is negative, a right-handed coordinate system is mapped into a left-handed
coordinate system.

A. NAGAMANI DEPT. OF AERONAUTICAL ENGG 16AE308 FEM

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