SEMI-DETAILED LESSON PLAN

TOPIC: Cell Structure and Function

I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
 Describe the structure and function of major and subcellular organelles
II. SUBJECT MATTER
a. Topic: Cell Structure and Function
b. Reference/s:
Admin. (2021, March 24). What Is a Cell? - Definition, Structure, Types,
Functions. BYJUS. https://byjus.com/biology/cells/#:~:text=Cells%20provide
%20structure%20and%20support,for%20reproduction%20and%20cell
%20growth.
c. Instructional Materials: Power Point presentation

III. PROCEDURE
A. PREPARATION
1. Prayer
2. Greetings
3. Checking of Attendance
4. Review of Previous topic – Cell Theory

Motivation

- How do we build structures using Lego?

- Do you think each Lego block is important?
- If one Lego block is missing or not functioning properly, what do you think can
happen?
B. DISCUSSION

“A cell is defined as the smallest, basic unit of life that is responsible for all of
life’s processes.”

What is a Cell?
A cell is the structural and fundamental unit of life. The study of cells from its
basic structure to the functions of every cell organelle is called Cell Biology. Robert
Hooke was the first Biologist who discovered cells.

All organisms are made up of cells. They may be made up of a single cell
(unicellular), or many cells (multicellular). Mycoplasmas are the smallest known cells.
Cells are the building blocks of all living beings. They provide structure to the body and
convert the nutrients taken from the food into energy.

Cells are complex and their components perform various functions in an

organism. They are of different shapes and sizes, pretty much like bricks of the
buildings. Our body is made up of cells of different shapes and sizes.

Cells are the lowest level of organization in every life form. From organism to
organism, the count of cells may vary. Humans have the number of cells compared to
that of bacteria.

Cells comprise several cell organelles that perform specialized functions to carry
out life processes. Every organelle has a specific structure. The hereditary material of
the organisms is also present in the cells.

Following are the various essential characteristics of cells:

- Cells provide structure and support to the body of an organism.

The cell interior is organized into different individual organelles surrounded by a
separate membrane.
- The nucleus (major organelle) holds genetic information necessary for
reproduction and cell growth. Every cell has one nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles in the cytoplasm.
- Mitochondria, a double membrane-bound organelle is mainly responsible for the
energy transactions vital for the survival of the cell.
- Lysosomes digest unwanted materials in the cell.
- Endoplasmic reticulum plays a significant role in the internal organization of the
cell by synthesizing selective molecules and processing, directing, and sorting
them to their appropriate locations.
Cell Structure
The cell structure comprises individual components with specific functions
essential to carry out life’s processes. These components include- cell wall, cell
membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell organelles. Read on to explore more insights
on cell structure and function.

Cell Membrane
The cell membrane supports and protects the cell. It controls the movement of
substances in and out of the cells. It separates the cell from the external environment.
The cell membrane is present in all the cells. The cell membrane is the outer covering of
a cell within which all other organelles, such as the cytoplasm and nucleus, are
enclosed. It is also referred to as the plasma membrane. By structure, it is a porous
membrane (with pores) which permit the movement of selective substances in and out
of the cell. Besides this, the cell membrane also protects the cellular component from
damage and leakage. It forms the wall-like structure between two cells as well as
between the cell and its surroundings. Plants are immobile, so their cell structures are
well-adapted to protect them from external factors. The cell wall helps to reinforce this
function.

Cell Wall
The cell wall is the most prominent part of the plant’s cell structure. It is made up of
cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. The cell wall is present exclusively in plant cells. It
protects the plasma membrane and other cellular components. The cell wall is also the
outermost layer of plant cells. It is a rigid and stiff structure surrounding the cell
membrane. It provides shape and support to the cells and protects them from
mechanical shocks and injuries.

Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is a thick, clear, jelly-like substance present inside the cell membrane.
Most of the chemical reactions within a cell take place in this cytoplasm.
The cell organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes,
are suspended in this cytoplasm.

Nucleus
The nucleus contains the hereditary material of the cell, the DNA.
It sends signals to the cells to grow, mature, divide and die.
The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope that separates the DNA from the
rest of the cell. The nucleus protects the DNA and is an integral component of a plant’s
cell structure.
Cell Organelles

Cells are composed of various cell organelles that perform certain specific functions to
carry out life’s processes. The different cell organelles, along with its principal functions,
are as follows:
Animal and Plant Cell
Functions of Cell
A cell performs these major functions essential for the growth and development of an
organism. Important functions of cell are as follows:

Provides Support and Structure

All the organisms are made up of cells. They form the structural basis of all the
organisms. The cell wall and the cell membrane are the main components that function
to provide support and structure to the organism. For e.g., the skin is made up of many
cells. Xylem present in the vascular plants is made of cells that provide structural
support to the plants.

Facilitate Growth Mitosis

In the process of mitosis, the parent cell divides into the daughter cells. Thus, the cells
multiply and facilitate the growth in an organism.

Allows Transport of Substances

Various nutrients are imported by the cells to carry out various chemical processes
going on inside the cells. The waste produced by the chemical processes is eliminated
from the cells by active and passive transport. Small molecules such as oxygen, carbon
dioxide, and ethanol diffuse across the cell membrane along the concentration gradient.
This is known as passive transport. The larger molecules diffuse across the cell
membrane through active transport where the cells require a lot of energy to transport
the substances.

Energy Production
Cells require energy to carry out various chemical processes. This energy is produced
by the cells through a process called photosynthesis in plants and respiration in
animals.

Aids in Reproduction
A cell aids in reproduction through the processes called mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is
termed as the asexual reproduction where the parent cell divides to form daughter cells.
Meiosis causes the daughter cells to be genetically different from the parent cells. Thus,
we can understand why cells are known as the structural and functional unit of life. This
is because they are responsible for providing structure to the organisms and performs
several functions necessary for carrying out life’s processes.

C. GENERALIZATION

The cell is the basic unit of function and structure in living things, though it may
be the smallest unit it is still made up of different organelles which has different
functions to make the cell perform and survive.

The cell has different functions to help in the development of an organism, it can
facilitate cell division, allow the transport of different substances, produce energy and
provide support and structure.
D. APPLICATION

3D Cell Structure Model- the students will create a 3D cell model either with the use of
clay, recycled materials or 3D illustration using photoshop or other applicable
applications

Requirements
-3D structure of the cell and its organelles
-at least 10 organelles should be detailed
-short description of each organelle should be included

Rubric
E. EVALUATION
1.What is the function of mitochondria in the cells?
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cells. Their primary function is to
produce the energy currency of the cells, ATP. It also regulates cellular metabolism.
2. What are the functions of the cell?
- The essential functions of the cell include:
- The cell provides support and structure to the body.
- Facilitates growth by mitosis
- Helps in reproduction
- Provides energy and allows the transport of substances.
3. What is the function of Golgi bodies?
Golgi bodies package and sort the proteins for secretion. It creates lysosomes and
transports lipids around the cells.
4.Name the cell organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking
down organic matter.
Lysosomes
5. Which cellular structure regulates the entry and exit of molecules to and from
the cell?
Cell membrane. It is a selectively permeable structure that controls the exit and entry of
molecules into the cell.

Prepared by:
Cirel Jan V. Perito