Cambridge IGCSE™

* 7 3 5 8 8 1 0 0 3 5 *

GEOGRAPHY 0460/13
Paper 1 Geographical Themes October/November 2020

1 hour 45 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

You will need: Insert (enclosed)

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Ruler

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer three questions in total, one from each section.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● If additional space is needed, you should use the lined pages at the end of this booklet; the question
number or numbers must be clearly shown.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 75.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The insert contains additional resources referred to in the questions.

Definitions
MEDCs – More Economically Developed Countries
LEDCs – Less Economically Developed Countries

This document has 32 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

DC (PQ/FC) 180596/7
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Section A

Answer one question from this section.

1 (a) Study Fig. 1.1, which shows information about the country of origin of people living in Canada
in 1990 and 2015.

700

600

500
number of
people 400
(thousands)
300

200
Key
100
1990
2015
0 Ch Ind UK Ph US Ita Ho Ge V P
ina ia ilip A l y ng rm ietn akis
pin Ko an am tan
e s ng y

country of origin

Fig. 1.1

(i) How many people from the USA lived in Canada in 2015?

...................................................... thousand [1]

(ii) Put the following countries of origin in rank order for 1990.

India Pakistan Philippines UK

...................................................... Highest number

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...................................................... Lowest number [2]

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(iii) Using information from Fig. 1.1, describe how the number of people from China and Italy
living in Canada changed between 1990 and 2015.
You should use statistics in your answer.

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(iv) Describe the problems which many migrants from China and Italy may face after moving
to Canada.

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(b) Study Fig. 1.2 (Insert), which is a map showing information about global net migration.

(i) Describe the distribution of areas with negative net migration.

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(ii) Explain why many areas experience negative net migration.

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(c) For a named country you have studied, describe the benefits and problems of receiving
large numbers of immigrants.

Name of country ......................................................................................

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2 (a) Study Fig. 2.1 (opposite), which shows three rural settlements in Wales (an MEDC).

(i) What type of settlement is shown in the map of Oldwalls?

...................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe two characteristics of dispersed settlements such as Penmaen.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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(iii) Using evidence from Fig. 2.1 only, give three reasons why Penrice is a nucleated
settlement.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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2 ........................................................................................................................................

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(iv) Explain why more people are living in the rural-urban fringe of large towns and cities in
MEDCs.

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Oldwalls
N

0 1
km
Penrice
N

church

spring

castle
river

0 1
km
Penmaen
N

Key
road
field boundary
building

0 1
Fig. 2.1 km
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(b) Study Fig. 2.2, which is a map of a rural area in north east England.

N
60

Wykeham

A170
70
Wilton Snainton A1
30 Ebberston
30
Brompton
-by-
Sawdon

30

30 West East Sherburn

Heslerton Heslerton
East
West Knapton
Knapton A64

60

0 1 2
km
Key

road
river
village

30 contour
(metres above
sea level)

Fig. 2.2

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(i) Describe three differences between the location of East Heslerton and Wykeham.

1 .........................................................................................................................................

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(ii) Explain the distribution of settlements in the area shown in Fig. 2.2.

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(c) Describe and explain the service provision in a named settlement you have studied.

Name of settlement ......................................................................................

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TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 3

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Section B

Answer one question from this section.

3 (a) Study Fig. 3.1, which is a map showing the location of coral reefs around Martinique (an LEDC
in the Caribbean).

X Caribbean
Sea

MARTINIQUE

Y
Caribbean
Sea
Key
coral reefs 0 25
km

Fig. 3.1

(i) What is the length of Martinique from X to Y?

...................................................... km [1]

(ii) Describe the distribution of coral reefs shown in Fig. 3.1.

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(iii) Describe three conditions required for the growth of coral reefs.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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(b) Study Fig. 3.2 (Insert), which is a photograph showing an area of coastline in the north west
of England.

(i) Describe and suggest reasons for the variation in beach material in the bay.

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(ii) Using evidence from Fig. 3.2, explain how coastal erosion has been managed.

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(iii) Suggest why bays and headlands have formed along the coastline shown in Fig. 3.2.

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(c) Describe the features of a sand spit and explain how it has been formed.
You may include a labelled diagram.

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4 (a) Study Fig. 4.1, which shows information about hot deserts and tropical rainforests.

Highest Lowest
monthly monthly Atmospheric
Latitude Annual rainfall
average average pressure
temperature temperature
Less than
Hot deserts 35 °C 18 °C High
250 mm
Tropical
30 °C 27 °C Over 2000 mm Low
rainforests

Fig. 4.1

(i) Using Fig. 4.1, calculate the annual average temperature range in tropical rainforests.

............................. °C [1]

(ii) Complete the column labelled ‘Latitude’ in Fig. 4.1. You should choose the letters of the
correct labels from the list below.

– on and around the Arctic and Antarctic Circles (A)

– between the Tropic of Cancer and the Equator (B)

– on and around the Equator (C)

– only between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn (D)

– on and around the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn (E)

[2]

(iii) Explain how high atmospheric pressure influences the climate of hot deserts.

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(iv) Explain why tropical rainforests have an average of over 2000 mm of rainfall per year.

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(b) Study Fig. 4.2, which shows information about deforestation of tropical rainforests in South
America and South East Asia between 1950 and 2010.

50 000

40 000

annual 30 000
deforestation
(km2 / yr)

20 000

10 000

0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

year
Key
South America
South East Asia

Fig. 4.2

(i) Using Fig. 4.2, compare the change in annual deforestation in South America and South
East Asia.

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(ii) Explain why large amounts of deforestation have occurred in tropical rainforests.

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(c) With reference to named examples, describe the impacts of deforestation.

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TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 5

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Section C

Answer one question from this section.

5 (a) Study Fig. 5.1 (Insert), a map showing tourist attractions in Mauritius, an LEDC in the Indian
Ocean.

(i) Name the river gorge in the south west of Mauritius.

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(ii) Describe the location of the tourist resort of Grand Baie.

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(iii) Identify three attractions of the human landscape for tourists in Mauritius.

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(iv) Explain how the tourist industry may benefit the people who live on the island of Mauritius.

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(b) Study Figs. 5.2 and 5.3 (Insert), which are photographs that were taken in Grand Baie,
Mauritius.

(i) Using evidence from Figs. 5.2 and 5.3 only, describe the natural attractions of Grand
Baie for tourists.

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(ii) Suggest how tourism in Grand Baie may have negative impacts on local people and the
natural environment.

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(c) For a named area you have studied, explain how the tourist industry is being developed
without destroying the natural environment.

Name of area ......................................................................................

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TURN PAGE FOR QUESTION 6

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6 (a) Study Fig. 6.1, which shows indicators of development for six countries in Asia.

Energy use per Human Life

Adult literacy GNP per
person Development expectancy
(percentage) person (US$)
(kg oil equivalent) Index (HDI) (years)
India 72.1 565 6 572 131 68.3

Indonesia 93.9 866 11 612 113 69.1

Pakistan 56.4 487 5 249 147 66.4

Philippines 96.3 434 7 806 116 68.5

Sri Lanka 92.6 478 12 316 73 74.9

Thailand 96.7 1698 16 917 87 74.8

Fig. 6.1

(i) What is meant by GNP?

G.......................................N.......................................P....................................... [1]

(ii) Identify the country listed in Fig. 6.1:

– which has the largest percentage of people who can read and write

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– where the people on average live for the shortest time.

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[2]

(iii) Which indicators are used to work out the Human Development Index (HDI)?

Tick (✓) three answers in the table below.

Tick (✓)

Access to clean water

Energy use per person

Gross National Income (GNI) per person

Internet access

Life expectancy

Number of people per doctor

Number of years of schooling

[3]

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(iv) Which one of the countries shown in Fig. 6.1 do you consider to be the most developed?
Justify your answer.

Country chosen .....................................................

Justification .......................................................................................................................

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(b) Study Fig. 6.2, which is a scatter graph showing the relationship between infant mortality and
access to clean water in selected countries.

140

120

100

80
infant
mortality
(per thousand)
60

40

20

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
population with access to clean water (percentage)

Fig. 6.2

(i) Using Fig. 6.2, describe the relationship between infant mortality and access to clean
water. Use statistics in your answer.

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(ii) Explain why plentiful supplies of water, especially clean water, are important for the
people and economy of a country.

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(c) For a named country or region you have studied, explain how clean water is supplied.

Name of country or region ......................................................................................

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Additional Pages

If you use the following lined pages to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question
number(s) must be clearly shown.

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2020 0460/13/O/N/20