IEC 61850 overview

Presentation on IEC 61850

 One more protocol ...

¾Substation protocols
ƒModbus
ƒCourrier
ƒLoan
ƒProfibus
ƒInterbus
ƒCAN
ƒT103 VDEW
ƒSEL protocol
ƒGE protocols
ƒ… and many others
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 History

X UCA : Utility Communications Architecture

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 Evolution of communication in SAS

… in comparison with currently used protocols

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 Requirements for the Standard

Interoperability The ability for IED’s from one or several

manufacturer to exchange information and use the information
for the their own functions.

Free configuration The standard shall support different

philosophies and allow a free allocation of functions e.g. it must
work equally well for centralized (RTU like) or decentralized
(SCS like) systems.

Long term stability The standard shall be future proof, i.e. it

must be able to follow the progress in communication technology
as well as evolving system requirements.

High level benefits

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 Communication requirement

X Communication services:
Š How to transfer data ?
X Communication objects
Š How to address data ?
X Configuration
Š How to share data addresses between applications
X Testing
Š How to organize communication tests ?

Conventional communication standard mainly address

the communication services

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 IEC 61850 Standard - Organization

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 IEC 61850 Standard - Parts 1,2,3,4

X Parts 1
Š Introduction, glossary, but also some project management
requirements (quality, versions, system life cycle)
X Parts 2
Š glossary
X Part 3
Š quality insurance
X Part 4
Š ... also some project management requirements

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 IEC 61850 Standard - Part 5

X Part 5
Š Defines logical allocation of functions and interfaces

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 IEC 61850 Standard - Part 5

X Rules definition for functions

a) Function description including the decomposition into LNs.
z Task of the function, Starting criteria , Result or impact, Performance, Function
decomposition.

b) Logical node description including the exchanged PICOMs.

z grouping according to their most common application area
z short textual description of the functionality
z IEEE device function number if applicable (for protection and some protection related
logical nodes only
z abbreviation/acronym used within the documents of the IEC 61850 series
z relation between functions and logical nodes in tables and in the function description
z exchanged PICOMs described in tables

c) PICOM description including the attributes.

Piece of Information for COMmunication describing an information transfer on a given
logical connection with given communication attributes between two logical nodes.
z semantics
z logical point-to-point connection
z performance requirements
z type of data

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 IEC 61850 Standard - Part 5

X Logical Node and Logical Link concept

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 IEC 61850 Standard - Part 5

X Logical Node and Logical Link concept - Example

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 IEC 61850 Standard - Part 6
Substation Configuration Language (SCL)

X Description language for communication in electrical

substations related to the IEDs

X XML based language that allows a formal description of

Š Substation automation system and the switchyard and the
relation between them
z IED configuration

Substation Configuration Language (SCL)

ƒ SSD: System Specification Description.

XML description of the entire system.

ƒ SCD: Substation Configuration Description.

XML description of a single substation.

ƒ ICD: IED Capability Description.

XML description of items supported by an IED.

ƒ CID: Configured IED Description.

XML configuration for a specific IED.

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 IEC 61850 Standard - Parts 7-x

X Part 7-1
Š Principles and models
Introduces ALL the features detailed in 7-2, 7-3, 7-4

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 IEC 61850 Standard - Parts 7-2

X Abstract Communication Service Interface (ACSI)

Š Core of IEC 61850 standard
Š Abstract to respect “long term stability” requirement
Š Interface defined in terms of services and objects

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 IEC 61850 Standard - Parts 7-2

X ACSI requirements
Š real-time data access and retrieval,
Š device control,
Š event reporting and logging,
Š publisher/subscriber,
Š self-description of devices (device data dictionary),
Š data typing and discovery of data types
Š file transfer.

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 IEC 61850 Standard - Parts 7-2

Conceptual service model

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 ACSI Models

Server

Logical Device
Logical Node Reporting
& Logging
Data
Control
Data Set GOOSE
Substitution Object Sampled
Settings Values

Association Time Synchronization File Transfer

Detailed functions are not specified, only interfaces

Setting is for group only, detailed setting not addressed

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 IEC 61850 Standard - Parts 7-2

ACSI classes
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 IEC 61850 Standard - Parts 7-3

– Data classes and example

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 IEC 61850 Standard - Parts 7-3

FC are
families

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 IEC 61850 Standard - Parts 7-4

– 355 Data classes

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Proudfoot
 IEC 61850 Class Model

Name SERVER Physical Device:

ObjectName access by network address
ObjectReference
1
1..*

LOGICAL-DEVICE Enables data from multiple

devices to be aggregated
1 into a single physical device
1..* (data concentrator)
LOGICAL-NODE

1
1..*

DATA

1
1..*

DataAttribute

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 IEC 61850 Logical Node

Logical Nodes

X A named grouping of data and associated services that is

logically related to some power system function.

dddXCBR1
Logical Node Instance #
Logical Node Name per
IEC 61850-7-4 (breaker)
Optional Application Specific Prefix

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 IEC 61850 Logical Node Description

SPS

Mandatory/Optional
Common Data Class
Data Name Description

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 IEC 61850 Object Name Structure

Relay1/XCBR1$ST$Loc$stVal
Attribute
Data
Functional Constraint
Logical Node
Logical Device

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 IEC 61850 Reporting

XUnbuffered Reporting is equivalent to UCA2 reports

XBuffered reporitng enables the server to retain data if

associations are lost enabling the client to retrieve ALL data.

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 IEC 61850 Key Benefits
X Speed: 100 Mbps instead of few 10 kbps
Š More data for a better operation & maintenance
X Peer-to-peer: No extra hardware
Š Design of innovative automation schemes, late tuning
X Conditional report instead of polling
Š Optimal performances
X IP (Internet Protocol) routing: Ubiquitous data access
Š Capability to extend the system outside of the substation
X Client-server: Instead of master-slave
Š Flexible designs easy to upgrade
X Pre-defined names: Single vocabulary between users
Š Easier engineering between teams
X XML references: Formal interfaces
Š Consistency between engineering tools

A true step forward

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 Data mapping

What is “rose”?

X Modelling is essential
when integrating
applications. a flower?

X Model mismatch implies

translation and usually
(at first) a color?
miscommunication

a paint?

Non trivial tests

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 Logical architecture: Scope
TRADITIONNAL (> 80%) IEC 61850 POTENTIAL IMPACT

Maintenance
Dispatching Dispatching Maintenance
Center
Center
WAN WAN
Station
SAS
SAS
Process Bay

Process
bus
WAN

Primary Other Primary Other

devices substations devices substations

Scalable & adaptable:

Substation centric
from process bus to
Pretty Monolithic
network automation

IEC 61850: Think out of the box !

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 Communication services

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 Peer-to-peer

X Capability to have a direct

communication exchange
between any two devices
connected on the network
Š Unlike conventional master-slave GOOSE
Receiver
Š Enable the development of fast
automation
Device Y
GOOSE
Sender
Device X

Ethernet
GOOSE
Receiver
Device Z

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 Client-server vs. Master-slave

X In a master-slave relation only one master is acting as a time

Š The master pools the various clients then distribute the
information to the applications
Š If the master fails then a back-up master may be used

X In a client-server relation each application (client) request in

parallel what the exactly need to each server
Š Client are typically HMI and Gateway, server are typically bay
controller, protection, measurement center
Š Applications do not go through a central point therefore get the
information on a faster and more reliable way
Š Failure of a client does not affect the other clients
Š A new client might be added without changing the existing
communications

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 Report vs. polling

X Report is transmitting data based on a condition being met

Š Ex: Change of state, value, quality attribute, time-out

X Report is more efficient than polling

Š Data are transmitted only when there is a need to transmit them,
therefore reducing network and application load
Š Polling cycle might be too long compared to the application
dynamic and loose event, contrary to report

X Report is fully compatible with client-server mode

Š It can be emulated on master-slave mode but less eficiently

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 Self-describing data

X A client can discover the

device server’s capabilities
X Comparable to the services of
a web browser

X Used initially when defining the

system configuration or during
tuning/maintenance of the
system

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 Communication data modelling

– Logical groupings – Devices, nodes, classes and data.

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 Example

LN function-related in the substation Control

Q0/CSWI
Q8/CSWI
Q9/CSWI
Bay-HMI
IHMI
Earthing Switch
Q8_L1/XSWI
Gas density mon.
Q8_L1/SIMG

Secondary
Isolator
Q9_L1/XSWI
technology
Gas density mon.
Q9_L1/SIMG

Circuit Breaker
Q0_L1/XCBR Distance
Gas density mon. Protection
Q0_L1/SIMG
Primary technology PDIS

See IEC 61850-5, 7-4

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 Logical Node Classes

– Logical Nodes – 92 Logical Node Classes

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 Reference model for the configuration process

IED Capabilities System specification

(LN, DO, …) (Single line, LNs, …)
IED System
DB ICD Configurator SSD

SCD Associations,
relation to single line,
preconfigured reports, ...
IED
Engineering Configurator
Workplace
Engineering environment File transfer
CID remote
SA system
File transfers and parameterization
File transfer
Substation with IEC61850 services
Local gateway

IED IED IED

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 Testing Terminology

X PICS
Š Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement
X MICS
Š Model Implementation Conformance Statement
X PIXIT
Š Protocol Implementation eXtra Information for Testing

Conformance testing only, i.e. vs. a reference simulator

Not interoperability not functional testing

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 IEC 61850: Basic applications and possible
extensions
ƒ Telecontrol of substations “sTCA”
in discussion, IEC TC57 / Ad Hoc Working Group 07
ƒ Addendum Power Quality, Monitoring
under way, IEC 57/624/NP
ƒ Product standard for switchgear equipment
under way, IEC 62271-003
ƒ Control and monitoring of wind power plants
under way, IEC 61400-25
ƒ Control and monitoring of distributed power stations
under way, IEC 57/660/NP
ƒ Control and monitoring of hydroelectric power plants
under way, IEC 57/661/NP
ƒ Metering (EPRI, IEEE), Gas, Water
in discussion
ƒ Several other WG within:
ƒIEEE PSRC H5: Setting, etc.
ƒUCA International: Testing, etc.
ƒCIGRE B5.11: Use of IEC 61850 in substation, etc.
ƒDKE/VDN (Germany): Recommendations
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 Where we are – Where we go

Market Control
IEC 61970 EMS Centre 2
EC, EDI Participant Power
ISO 9735 Plant
Server
IEC 60870-6 (TASE.2)
IEC 61850
IEC 61968 DMS
Control Centre 1

IEC 61850 IEC 6

1400
-25
IEC 62210
IE
IEC 61850 C
62
05
6
Substation 1 Substation 2

IEC 61850 IEC 61850

Metering
CT CT
VT VT Billing

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