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Ma211 Assignment Final

The document contains the details of an assignment for the course MA211 in Semester 1 of 2021. It lists the names and student IDs of 3 group members assigned to the project. It also contains 3 parts to the assignment question involving coordinates for rugby player locations, converting polar equations to rectangular coordinates, and calculating the area enclosed by curves defined by polar equations. Mathematical working is shown for each part of the question.

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Aashutosh Pratap
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
51 views17 pages

Ma211 Assignment Final

The document contains the details of an assignment for the course MA211 in Semester 1 of 2021. It lists the names and student IDs of 3 group members assigned to the project. It also contains 3 parts to the assignment question involving coordinates for rugby player locations, converting polar equations to rectangular coordinates, and calculating the area enclosed by curves defined by polar equations. Mathematical working is shown for each part of the question.

Uploaded by

Aashutosh Pratap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

MA211 Assignment 1

Semester 1, 2021
Group members
Name ID #
Arjun kumaran S11184647
Kritesh chand S11122472
Aashutosh pratap S11187390

1
Question 1
Part A
Coordinates for rugby player location:
�1 , �2 = � cos � , � sin � ( �, �)
π
�1 , �2 =− � sin � , � cos � (r, θ + 2 )

�2 − �1
Finding the tangent of the slope: �= �2 − �1

� cos �−� sin �


�=
−� sin �− � cos �

tanθ−1
m=
tanθ+1

�� ��
�� sin �+ � cos �
Then: ��
= ��
�� = ��
��
cos �− � sin �
�� ��

��
��
=�

�� ��
(� ���� + ���� �� )(���� + 1) = ( − ����� + ���� �� )(���� − 1)

dr dr dr dr
rsinθ + tanθsinθ dθ + rcosθ + sinθ dθ =− rsinθtanθ + sinθ dθ + rsinθ − cosθ dθ

��
��
(�������� + ����) =− �(���� + ��������)

��
= −�
��
Use order differential equation �� = − � ��

��
= − ��

ln � = − � + �

�ln � = �−�+� Introducing � on both side

� = �−�+�

� = �−� . �� Let C = ��

� = ��−�


�( 4 ) = ��−4 Angle =45°


� � �
Since it’s Angle =45° � = 2 2
= ��−4
4

� −�
C= 2
� 4

� � �
r (�)= �� − � , � ≥
� �

2
Part B
i. Convert the polar equation in rectangular coordinates.

r = a cos2 θ
�3 = � �2 ���� multiply both side by �2
r3 = a x2 where x= r cosθ
3
(�2 + �2 )2 = � �2 where �2 = �2 + �2
3
So the rectangular coordinate is: (�2 + �2 )2 = � �2

ii. Graph of 4cos2 θ and 6cos2 θ

iii. Area between two curve

1 � � �
Area = (�� )2 − (��)2 �� the point of intersection is 2 because cos(0)=2
2 �


1
=4( 2 2
0
((6���2 (�))2 − (4 cos2 �)2 ) ��)

3

= 2( 0
2
(36 ���4(�) − 16 ���4(�))dθ)


=2( 0
2 20���4 (�)��)


= 40( 0
2 ���4 (�)��

1
= 40 0
2 (���2 (�))2 �� where ���2 (�) =2 (1 + cos 2�)


1 1 cos 2� ���2 (2�)
=40 0
2
( 2 (1 + cos 2�) )2 �� expanding the function we get (4 + 2
+ 4
)


1 cos 2� ���2(2�)
=40 0
2
(4 + 2
+
4
)��


1 cos 2� ���2(2�) ���2 (2�) 1 cos(4θ)
=40 0
2
(4 + 2
+ )�� simplify function into ( 8 + )
4 4 8


1 cos 2� 1 cos(4θ)
=40 0
2
(4 + 2
+ +
8 8
)��


3 cos 2� cos(4θ)
=40 0
2
(8 + 2
+
8
)��


3θ sin(2θ) sin(4θ)
=40[0 2
8
+
4
+
32
]

π
3( ) sin(π) sin(2π) 3(0) sin(0) sin(0)
=40([ 8
2
+
4
+
32
]-[ 8
+
4
+
32
])

3�
=40 [[16 + 0 + 0] − [0 + 0 + 0]]

3�
=40(16)
���
Area = �
������

4
Mathematica verification

Part C
i. Plot the strophoid

ii. Polar equation to rectangular coordinate.

r = sec(θ) − 2cos(θ)

1 1
r = cos(θ) − 2cos(θ) sec(θ) = cos(θ)

1−2cos2(θ)
r= cos(θ)

r cos(θ) = 1 − 2 cos2 (θ)

(r cos(θ) = 1 − 2 cos2 (θ)) x r2

�3 ���(�) = �2 − 2�2 ���2 (�)

�2 � ����(�) = �2 − 2� ���(�) � ����(�) x = r cos(θ) y = r sin(θ)

5
(�2 + �2 ) � = (�2 + �2 ) − 2�2 �2 = �2 + �2

(�2 +�2 )−2�2


(�2 + �2) = �

(�2+�2)
(�2 + �2 ) = �
− 2�

(�2+�2)
The rectangular coordinate is (�2 + �2 ) = �
− 2�

iii. Area enclosed by the loop

point of intersection
r = sec θ − 2 cos θ
2 cos θ = sec θ
1 1
2 cos θ = sec θ=
cosθ cosθ
2cos2 θ = 1
1
θ= 2

π π �
θ = 4 upper limit is 4 and lower limit is - 4
Since cosine is positive in 1st and 4th quadrant.

1 � 2
Area = 2 �
� ��


1
A= 4� ( sec θ − 2 cos θ )2 dθ expand the function
2 −4


1
=2 −
4�
( ���2 � − 2�������� − 2�������� + 4���2 �)dθ
4


1
=2 −4
4�
( ���2 � − 4�������� + 4���2 �)dθ


1 1+���2�
=2 −4
4�
( ���2 � − 4�������� + 4���2 �)dθ simplify the expression ���2 � =
2


1 1
=2 4�
− ( ���2 � − 4�������� + 2 + 2���2�)dθsimplify −4secθcosθ =− 4
cosθ
cosθ =− 4
4


1
=2 −4
4�
( ���2 � − 4 + 2 + 2���2�)dθ


1
= 2 [4 � tan � -2θ + sin2θ]
−4

6
1 � π π −� −π −π
=2 [[ tan 4 − 2( 4 ) + sin2( 4)] - [tan 4
− 2( 4
) + sin2( 4
)]

1 � �
=2 [1 − 2 + 1] − [ − 1 + 2 − 1]

1
=2 [4 − �]


Area = � − � ������

Mathematica verification

Question 2
Part A

I. � = � �, � ; � = � � , � = ℎ(�)

7
�� �� �� �� ��
= +
�� �� �� �� ��
� �� � �� �� � �� ��
= +
�� �� �� �� �� �� �� ��
� �� �2 � �� �2 � �� �� �� �� �� ��
= 2 + = +
�� �� �� �� ���� �� �� �� �� �� ��

�� �� �� �� ��
= +
�� �� �� �� ��
� �� � �� �� � �� ��
= +
�� �� �� �� �� �� �� ��
� �� �2 � �� �2 � ��
= +
�� �� ���� �� ��2 ��

Ii)
�2 � �� �� �� ��
= +
�� �� �� �� ��
�� �� �� �� ��
= +
�� �� �� �� ��
�2 � � �� �� �� �� � �� �� �� ��
= + + +
��2 �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� ��

Knowing that:
� � � �
= , =
�� �� �� ��

�2 � �2 � �� �� �� � �� �2 � �2 � �� �2 � �� � �� �2 �
= + + + + +
��2 ��2 �� ���� �� �� �� ��2 ���� �� ��2 �� �� �� ��2
____________________________________________________________________________________________

Part B
I)

8
From Chain Rule:
�� �� �� �� �� ��
= cos � + sin θ ��� =− sin θ + r cos �
�� �� �� �� �� ��

Knowing that:
�� �� �� ��
= ��� =−
�� �� �� ��

�� �� ��
= cos � + sin θ
�� �� ��
�� �� �� �� �� ��
= cos � − sin θ ; ��������� ���ℎ =− r sin θ + r cos �
�� �� �� �� �� ��
�� �� ��
= r − sin θ + cos �
�� �� ��
�� 1 �� ��
. =− sin θ + cos �
�� � �� ��
�� 1 ��
. =
�� � ��
===========

From Chain Rule:


�� �� �� �� �� ��
= cos � + sin θ ��� =− sin θ + r cos �
�� �� �� �� �� ��

Knowing that:
�� �� �� ��
= ��� =−
�� �� �� ��

�� �� ��
= cos � + sin θ …�� 1
�� �� ��
�� �� ��
=− r sin θ − r cos � …�� 2
�� �� ��
�� �� ��
=− r sin θ − cos �
�� �� ��
� �� ��
− . =
� �� ��

ii)
� = ln �2 + �2
1
� = ln �2 + �2 2
�� 1 �� 1
= . ln �2 + �2 . 2� = . ln �2 + �2 . 2�
�� 2 �� 2
�� � �� �
= 2 = 2
�� � + �2 �� � + �2
____________ _____________


� = tan−1

9
1
�=
� 2
1+

�� 1 �
= . − 2
�� � 2

1+

�� −�
= 2
�� � + �2
�� ��
=−
�� ��
_________

 � = ln �2 + �2 �2 + �2 = �2
� = ln � � = �2 + �2
�� 1
=
�� �
______

�=�
��
=1
��
�� 1 ��
�� =
�� � ��
=============

� = ln � �= �
�� ��
=0 =0
�� ��
�� 1 ��
�� = −
�� � ��
===============

PartC
Using Pythagoras theorem, we get equations as:

AB2 = x2 + 22 BC2 = 12 + � − � 2

BC = 1 + � − � 2
AB = x2 + 4

�� = 10 − �

Cost from AB = 3k, BC = 2k, CD = k


Cost = 3k x2 + 4 + 2k 1 + � − � 2 + k 10 − �

Let: Cost = λ
3kx 2k �−� 2k �−�
Cx = − =0 Cy= − k=0
2
x +4 �−� 2 + 1 �−� 2 + 1

Cy = 2k
�−�
− k=0 �−�
�−� 2 + 1 2k = k
�−� 2 + 1

10
�−� k
=
�−� 2+ 1 2k
�−� 1
=
2
�−� + 1 2

3kx 1
Cx = − 2�( ) = 0
x2 + 4 2
x
3k =�
x2 + 4
x �
=
x2 + 4 3�
x 1
=
x2 + 4 3
2
2 x2 + 4
3� =
9�2 = x2 + 4
8�2 4

= 8
1
�2 =
2

�=

Finding y
�−�
y = 2k − k=0
�−� 2 + 1
�−� 1
=
�−� 2 + 1 2
2 2
2 �−� = �−� 2 + 1

4 �−� = �−� 2 + 1
4 �−� − �−� 2 = 1
3 �−� 2 = 1
1
�−� 2 =
3
1
�−�=
3

Therefore:
1 1
�− =
2 3
� �
�= +
� �

11
Part D
Using Lagrange method find the maximum and minimum height

z = x2 + 4y2 x2 + y2 = 1

f(x, y) = z = x2 + 4y2 g(x, y) = x2 + y2 = 1

�� �� �� ��
��
= 2x ��
= 8y ��
= 2� ��
= 2�

�� �� �� ��
��
= � �� ��
= � ��

2x = λ 2x 8y = λ2y

2x 8y
λ = 2x λ = 2y

λ=1 λ=4

When λ = 1 when λ = 4
Y=0 x=0
�2 + 0 = 1 �2 + 0 = 1
x =± 1 y =± 1

Then:

z = x2 + 4y2 x2 + y2 = 1

X=0 and y=±1 y=0 and x=±1


z = 0 + 4(1) z=1+0
z=4 z=1

Therefore the maximum height is (0,±1), z=4 and minimum height is ( ±1,0),z=1

Mathematica verification

12
Question3
I) Parametric equation of a line

x = x0 + (a2 − a1 )λ

y = y0 + (b2 − b1 )λ

Where 0 ≤ λ ≤ 1

ii)
Distance between λ = 1and λ = 0can be calculated as.

|λ1 − λ0|^2 = (�2 − �1 )2 + (�2 − �1 )2

�������� = (�2 − �1 )2 + (�2 − �1 )2

Than finding the equation of robot perpendicular to the line segment will give rise to
a new equation. Inserting (x,y) into the equation as ( (� − �1 ) and (� − �1 ) ) taken
from λ = 0 and the robots intersecting point with the line segment

(�−�1 )(�2 −�1 )+(�−�1)(�2−�1 ) (�−�1)(�2 −�1) (�−�1 )(�2−�1)


λ= (�2 −�1 )2+(�2 −�1)2
which is same asλ = (� 2 +(� −� )2 + (� 2 2
2 −�1 ) 2 1 2 −�1 ) +(�2 −�1 )

(�2−�1) (�2 −�1)


Where d= (� 2 2 and c= (� 2 2
2 −�1 ) +(�2 −�1 ) 2 −�1 ) +(�2 −�1 )

13
iii)
Substituting C and D in the equation will give:

� = (� − �� )C +(� − �� )d

Question4
Part A
Mathematica verification of the graph

� �
+ =1
3 5

� �
Make the equation into linear:
5
=1−
3

5x
z=5−
3
Let z=0

−15 = 5x

X=3

5x
For z = 5 − 3
0≤x≤3

For y=4 0 ≤ y ≤ 4

4 3 5�
V= 0 0
(5 −
3
) �� �� integrate the inner function first

4 3 5�2
= [
0 0
5� −
6
]��

4 5(32 )
= 0
[[5(3) −
6
] − [5(0) − 0]]��

14
4
= 0
[7.5]��

=[40 7.5y]

=[7.5(4)]-[7.5(0)]

V =30 ������ the volume of 1st octant.

Mathematica verification

Part B

Find the intersecting point


r=r
(4sin� = 2 2���2�)2

15
16sin2 θ = 8cos2θ where cos2θ=1 - 2���2 �
16sin2 θ=8(1-2���2 �)
16sin2 θ=8 - 16���2 �)
1
sin2 θ =
4
1
sin � = 2
π π π
θ=
6
so lower limit is 6 and the upper limit is 6

1 �
Area = ((�� )2 − (�� )2 )��
2 �


1
= �2 ((4����)2 − (2 2���2�)2 ) ��
2 6


1
=2 �2 ((16���2 �) − (8���2�)) ��
6


1 1−���2�
=2 �2 (8 − 8���2�) − (8���2�)) �� where ���2 �=( 2
)
6


1
=2 �2 (8 − 16���2�) ��
6


1
=2 �2 ( − 16���2� + 8) ��
6


1 2
= 2
[� − 8sin2θ + 8θ]
6

1 � � �
= 2 [ − 8sin(π) + 8( 2 )] − [ − 8���( 3 ) + 8( 6 )]

1 4
=2 [0 + 4�] − [ − 4 3 + 3 �]

1 8π
= [ + 4 3]
2 3

4�
Area = 3
+ 2 3 ������

16
Mathematica verification

17

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