ANSWERS: (PHYSICS)

Assignment:

1. The velocity of a projectile equals its initial velocity added to: a constantly increasing downward
velocity
2. Identical guns fire identical bullets horizontally at the same speed from the same height above
level planes, one on the Earth and one on the Moon. Which of the following three statements
is/are true?
I. The horizontal distance traveled by the bullet is greater for the Moon.
II. The flight time is less for the bullet on the Earth.
III. The velocities of the bullets at impact are the same.
I and II only
3. The airplane shown is in level flight at an altitude of 0.50 km and a speed of 150 km/h. At what
distance d should it release a heavy bomb to hit the target X? Take g = 10 m/s2.

417 m
4. A stone is thrown outward from the top of a 59.4-m high cliff with an upward velocity
component of 19.5 m/s. How long is the stone in the air? Assume that it lands on the ground
below the cliff, and that the ground below the cliff is flat. 6.00 s
5. A large cannon is fired from ground level over level ground at an angle of 30° above the
horizontal. The muzzle speed is 980 m/s. Neglecting air resistance, the projectile will travel what
horizontal distance before striking the ground? 85 km
6. A cannon fires a projectile as shown. The dashed line shows the trajectory in the absence of
gravity; points MNOP correspond to the position of the projectile at one second intervals. If g =
10 m/s2, the lengths X,Y,Z are:
 5 m, 20 m, 45 m
7. The figure shows four choices for the direction of a force of magnitude F to be applied to a block
on an inclined plane. The directions are either horizontal or vertical. (For choices a and b, the
force is not enough to lift the block off the plane.) Rank the choices according to the magnitude
of the normal force on the block from the plane, greatest first. d > c > a > b
8. A 25-kg crate is pushed across a frictionless horizontal floor with a force of 20 N, directed 20°
below the horizontal. The acceleration of the crate is: 0.75 m/s2
9. Two forces are applied to a 5.0-kg crate; one is 6.0 N to the north and the other is 8.0 N to the
west. The magnitude of the acceleration of the crate is: 2.0 m/s2
10. A 70-N block and a 35-N block are connected by a string as shown. If the pulley is massless and
the surface is frictionless, the magnitude of the acceleration of the 35-N block is:

3.3 m/s2 
11. A massless rope passes over a massless pulley suspended from the ceiling. A 4-kg block is
attached to one end and a 5-kg block is attached to the other end. The acceleration of the 5-kg
block is: g/9
12. The coordinate of an object is given as a function of time by x = 7t – 3t2, where x is in meters and
t is in seconds. Its average velocity over the interval from t = 0 to t = 2 s is: 1 m/s
13. A car travels 40 kilometers at an average speed of 80 km/h and then travels 40 kilometers at an
average speed of 40 km/h. The average speed of the car for this 80 km trip is: 53 km/h
14. The coordinate of a particle in meters is given by x(t) = 16t – 3.0t3, where the time t is in
seconds. The particle is momentarily at rest at t = 1.3 s
15. Each of four particles moves along an x axis. Their coordinates (in meters) as functions of
time (in seconds) are given by

  particle 1: x(t) = 3.5 – 2.7t3

  particle 2: x(t) = 3.5 + 2.7t3
  particle 3: x(t) = 3.5 + 2.7t2
  particle 4: x(t) = 3.5 – 3.4t – 2.7t2
For which of these particles is the velocity increasing for t > 0? Only 2 and 3
16. In a game of U.S. softball, a player hits a ground ball toward third base and begins to run
immediately toward first base after the bat strikes the ball. Let the axis lie along the first base
line as shown in Interactive Fig. 2.4.1.  The runner overruns first base and stops (for just an
instant) at the point labeled A on the axis. Afraid that she might be tagged out, the player
decides to get back to first base along the  axis. Suppose the average velocity of the runner for
the trip from home plate (the origin) to point A and then back to first base is +2.29 m/s, while
the runner's average velocity for just the segment from home plate to point A is +4.67 m/s. Our
ultimate goal is to find the average velocity of the runner for the segment from point A to when
she returns to first base.

5.20

Quiz#2

1. A rope connects boat A to boat B. Boat A starts from rest and accelerates to a speed of 9.5 m/s
in a time t = 47 s. The mass of boat B is 540 kg. Assuming a constant frictional force of 230 N
acts on boat B, what is the magnitude of the tension in the rope that connects the boats during
the time that boat A is accelerating? 340 N

2. A 4-kg block and a 2-kg block can move on the horizontal frictionless surface.  The blocks are accelerated
by a +12-N force that pushes the larger block against the smaller one.  Determine the force that the 2-kg
block exerts on the 4-kg block. -4N

3.  A certain crane can provide a maximum lifting force of 25 000 N.  It hoists a 2000-kg
load starting at ground level by applying the maximum force for a 2-second interval;
then, it applies just sufficient force to keep the load moving upward at constant speed. 
Approximately how long does it take to raise the load from ground level to a height of 30
m? -7s

4. A roller coaster starts from rest at the top of an 18-m hill as shown.  The car travels to the bottom of the hill
and continues up the next hill that is 10.0 m high. How fast is the car moving at the top of the 10.0-m hill,
if friction is ignored? 13 m/s
 5. A 12-kg crate is pushed up an incline from point A to point B as shown in the figure. 
What is the change in the gravitational potential energy of the crate? + 590 J

6. A 20.0-kg package is dropped from a high tower in still air and is "tracked" by a radar
system.  When the package is 25 m above the ground, the radar tracking indicates that its
acceleration is 7.0 m/s2.  Determine the force of air resistance on the package. (56N)
7. A 1500-kg car travels at a constant speed of 22 m/s around a circular track that is 80 m
across. What is the kinetic energy of the car? 3.6x10
8.  A 10.0-g bullet traveling horizontally at 755 m/s strikes a stationary target and stops after
penetrating 14.5 cm into the target.  What is the average force of the target on the bullet?
1.97x10^4 N
9. An engineer is asked to design a playground slide such that the speed a child reaches at the bottom does not
exceed 6.0 m/s.  Determine the maximum height that the slide can be. 3.2 m
10. At a playground, a child slides down a slide that makes a 42° angle with the horizontal direction.  The
coefficient of kinetic friction for the child sliding on the slide is 0.20.  What is the magnitude of her
acceleration during her sliding? m/s

MIDTERMS:

(Work and Energy)

1. In the figure, a greased pig has a choice of three frictionless slides along which to slide to
the ground. Rank the slides according to how much work the gravitational force does on
the pig during the descent, greatest first.

a=b=c

2. An object is constrained by a cord to move in a circular path of radius 0.5 m on a

horizontal frictionless surface.  The cord will break if its tension exceeds 16 N. The
maximum kinetic energy the object can have is: 4 J
3. A sledge (including load) weighs 5000 N. It is pulled on level snow by a dog team
exerting a horizontal force on it. The coefficient of kinetic friction between sledge and
snow is 0.05. How much work is done by the dog team pulling the sledge 1000 m at
constant speed? 2.5 x 105 J
4. Camping equipment weighing 6000 N is pulled across a frozen lake by means of a
horizontal rope. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.05. How much work is done by the
campers in pulling the equipment 1000 m if its speed is increasing at the constant rate of
0.20 m/s2? 4.2 x 105 J
5. A 100-kg piano rolls down a 20° incline. A man tries to keep it from accelerating, and
manages to keep its acceleration to 1.2 m/s2. If the piano rolls 5 m, what is the net work
done on it by all the forces acting on it? 600 J
6. At time t = 0 a 2-kg particle has a velocity of (4 m/s) – (3 m/s). At t = 3 s its velocity is (2
m/s) + (3 m/s).  During this time the work done on it was: -12 J
7. A 0.50-kg object moves in a horizontal circular track with a radius of 2.5 m. An external
force of 3.0 N, always tangent to the track, causes the object to speed up as it goes
around. If it starts from rest its speed at the end of one revolution is: 14 m/s
8. A man pushes an 80-N crate a distance of 5.0 m upward along a frictionless slope that
makes an angle of 30°with the horizontal. His force is parallel to the slope. If the speed of
the crate decreases at a rate of 1.5 m/s2, then the work done by the man is: 140 J
9. An ideal spring, with a pointer attached to its end, hangs next to a scale. With a 100-N
weight attached, the pointer indicates "40" on the scale as shown. Using a 200-N weight
instead results in "60" on the scale. Using an unknown weight X instead results in "30"
on the scale. The weight of X is: 50 N
10. An ideal spring is hung vertically from the ceiling. When a 2.0-kg mass hangs at rest
from it, the spring is extended 6.0 cm from its relaxed length. An upward external force is
then applied to the block to move it upward a distance of 16 cm.  While the block is being
raised by the force, the work done by the spring is -1.0 J

11. (Impulse & Momentum) A 25-kg box of books is dropped on the floor from a height of
1.1 m and comes to rest. What impulse did the floor exert on the box?
a. 22 kg*m/s
b. 120 kg*m/s
c. 540 kg*m/s
12. (Impulse & Momentum) The force on a particle is given by F(t) = 0.71 t + 1.2 t2, in N.
If the force acts from t = 0 to t = 2.0 s, the total impulse is:
a. 1.2 kgm/s
b. 1.9
c. 4.6
d. 4.8
13. (Impulse & Momentum) A 2.5-kg stone is released from rest and falls toward Earth.
After 4.0 s, the magnitude of its momentum is: 98 kg·m/s
14. (Impulse & Momentum) Block A, with a mass of 4.0 kg, is moving with a speed of 2.0
m/s while block B, with a mass of 8.0 kg, is moving in the opposite direction with a
speed of 3.0 m/s. The momentum of the center of mass of the two-block system is: 16
kg·m/s in the same direction as B
15. (Impulse & Momentum) A 5-kg object can move along the x axis. It is subjected to a
force  in the positive x direction; a graph of F as a function of time t is shown below.
Over the time the force is applied the change in the velocity of the object is: 0.8 m/s
16. (Collision) A 3-g bullet is fired horizontally into a 10-kg block of wood suspended by a
rope from the ceiling. The block swings in an arc, rising 3 mm above its lowest position.
The velocity of the bullet was:
a. 2.4x10^4 m/s
b. Unknown since the heat generated in the collision was not given
c. 8.0 x 10^2 m/s
d. 24.0 m/s
e. 8.0 m/s
17. (Collision) A 3.0-kg cart and a 2.0-kg cart approach each other on a horizontal air track.
They collide and stick together. After the collision their total kinetic energy is 40 J.  The
speed of their center of mass is:
a. 0 m/s
b. 2.8 m/s
c. 4.0 m/s
d. 5.2 m/s
e. 8.0 m/s
18. (Collision) A 2-kg cart, traveling on a horizontal air track with a speed of 3 m/s, collides
with a stationary 4-kg cart.  The carts stick together.  The impulse exerted by one cart on
the other has a magnitude of:
4 N*s
6N*s
9N*s
12N*s
19. (Collision) Bullets from two revolvers are fired with the same velocity. The bullet from
gun #1 is twice as heavy as the bullet from gun #2. Gun #1 weighs three times as much as
gun #2. The ratio of the momentum imparted to gun #1 to that imparted to gun #2 is: 2:1
20. (Collision) For a completely inelastic two-body collision the kinetic energy retained by
the objects is the same as: 1/2Mv2com, where M is the total mass and vcom is the velocity
of the center of mass
21. (Fluids) A fish maintains its depth in fresh water by adjusting the air content of porous
bone or air sacs to make its average density the same as that of the water. Suppose that
with its air sacs collapsed, a fish has a density of 1.11 g/cm3. To what fraction of its
expanded body volume must the fish inflate the air sacs to reduce its density to that of
water?
0.0991

22. (Fluids) Three liquids that will not mix are poured into a cylindrical container. The
volumes and densities of the liquids are 0.312 L, 2.96 g/cm3; 0.745 L, 1.19 g/cm3; and
0.562 L, 0.751 g/cm3. What is the force on the bottom of the container due to these
liquids? One liter = 1 L = 1000 cm3. (Ignore the contribution due to the atmosphere.)
 21.87 N

23. (Fluids) Blood pressure in Argentinosaurus. If this long-necked, gigantic sauropod had a
head height of 24.7 m and a heart height of 12.0 m, (a) what (hydrostatic) gauge pressure
in its blood was required at the heart such that the blood pressure at the brain was 65.6
torr (just enough to perfuse the brain with blood)? Assume the blood had a density of
1.06 × 103 kg/m3. (b) What was the blood pressure at the feet?
Give your answers in torr or mm Hg.
a.1060 torr.
b.1990 torr.

24. (Fluids) A piston of cross-sectional area a is used in a hydraulic press to exert a small
force of magnitude f on the enclosed liquid. A connecting pipe leads to a larger piston of
cross-sectional area A (the figure). If the piston diameters are 4.06 cm and 69.8 cm, what
force magnitude on the small piston will balance a 22.0 kN force on the large piston?
74.4 N
25. (Fluids) In the figure, a cube of edge length L = 0.441 m and mass 1170 kg is suspended
by a rope in an open tank of liquid of density 1.04E+3 kg/m3. Find (a) the magnitude of
the total downward force on the top of the cube from the liquid and the atmosphere,
assuming atmospheric pressure is 1.00 atm, (b) the magnitude of the total upward force
on the bottom of the cube, and (c) the tension in the rope. (d) Calculate the magnitude of
the buoyant force on the cube using Archimede's principle.
a. 1.032x10^5
b. 1.077x10^5
c. 8.74 x 10^2
d. 1.06x10^4

26. (Fluids) A cylindrical tank with a large diameter is filled with water to a depth D = 0.380
m. A hole of cross-sectional area A = 5.04 cm2 in the bottom of the tank allows water to
drain out. (a) What is the rate at which water flows out, in cubic meters per second? (b)
At what distance below the bottom of the tank is the cross-sectional area of the stream
equal to one-half the area of the hole?
a. 0.0014 m^3/s
 b. 1.14 m

27. In the figure, a cube of edge length L = 0.441 m and mass 1170 kg is suspended by a rope
in an open tank of liquid of density 1.04E+3 kg/m3. Find (a) the magnitude of the total
downward force on the top of the cube from the liquid and the atmosphere, assuming
atmospheric pressure is 1.00 atm, (b) the magnitude of the total upward force on the
bottom of the cube, and (c) the tension in the rope. (d) Calculate the magnitude of the
buoyant force on the cube using Archimede's principle.
a. 2.01x10^4 N
b. 2.10x10^4 N
c. 1.06x10^4 N
d. 8.74x10^2 N

Quiz #3 (Impulse, Momentum, Collision

1. Momentum may be expressed in: N·s
2. The momentum of an object at a given instant is in the same direction as its: velocity
3. A 2.5-kg stone is released from rest and falls toward Earth. After 4.0 s, the magnitude of
its momentum is: 98 kg·m/s
4. A 5-kg object can move along the x axis. It is subjected to a force  in the positive x
direction; a graph of F as a function of time t is shown below. Over the time the force is
applied the change in the velocity of the object is: 0.8 m/s
5. A 0.3 kg rubber ball is dropped from the window of a building. It strikes the sidewalk
below at 30 m/s and rebounds up at 20 m/s. The magnitude of the impulse due to the
collision with the sidewalk is: 15 N·s
6. A 10-kg block of ice is at rest on a frictionless horizontal surface. A 1.0-N force is
applied in an easterly direction for 1.0 s. During this time interval, the block: acquires a
momentum of 1.0 kg·m/s
7. A golf ball of mass m is hit by a golf club so that the ball leaves the tee with speed v. The
club is in contact with the ball for time T. The average force of the club on the ball during
the time T is: mv/T 
 8. A 640-N acrobat falls 5.0 m from rest into a net. The net tosses him back up with the
same speed he had just before he hit the net. The average upward force exerted on him by
the net during this collision is:
impossible to determine from given data
9. A 4.0-N puck is traveling at 3.0 m/s. It strikes an 8.0-N puck, which is stationary. The
two pucks stick together. Their common final speed is: 1.0 m/s
10. An elastic collision is one in which: kinetic energy and momentum are both conserved

Quiz #4 (Rotational Kinematics)

1. A radian is about: 57°
2. One revolution is the same as: 2π rad
3. If a wheel is turning at 3.0 rad/s, the time it takes to complete one revolution is about:
2.1 s
4. A child, riding on a large merry-go-round, travels a distance of 3000 m in a circle of
diameter 40 m. The total angle through which she revolves is: 150 rad
5. Ten seconds after an electric fan is turned on, the fan rotates at 300 rev/min. Its average
angular acceleration is: 3.14 rad/s2
6. The angular velocity of a rotating wheel increases 2 rev/s every minute. The angular
acceleration, in rad/s2 of this wheel is: 2π/30 rad/s2
7. A wheel initially has an angular velocity of 18 rad/s. It has a constant angular
acceleration of 2.0 rad/s2 and is slowing at first. What time elapses before its angular
velocity is18 rad/s in the direction opposite to its initial angular velocity? 18 s
8. A wheel initially has an angular velocity of 36 rad/s but after 6.0s its angular velocity is
24 rad/s. If its angular acceleration is constant the value is: -2.0 rad/s2
9. An object rotates from θ1 to θ2 through an angle that is less than π radians. Which of the
following results in a positive angular displacement? θ1 = 135°, θ2= −135°
10. The angular velocity of a rotating turntable is given in rad/s by ω(t) = 4.5 + 0.64t – 2.7t2.
What is its angular acceleration at t = 2.0 s? −10 rad/s2

Concept of Fluids
1. The two dams are identical with the exception that the water reservoir behind dam A extends twice the
horizontal distance behind it as that of dam B.  Which one of the following statements regarding these dams
is correct? The horizontal distance of the water behind the two dams does not
determine the force on them.
2. Which one of the following statements concerning a completely enclosed fluid is true? Any change in
applied pressure produces an equal change in pressure at all points within the fluid.
3. Which one of the following statements is false concerning the derivation or usage of
Bernoulli’s equation? Vertical distances are always measured relative to the lowest
point within the fluid.
4. A large vat is continually filled with a viscous liquid that flows from two equally long,
cylindrical pipes, labeled A and B, onto a conveyer belt as shown in the drawing.  The
diameter of pipe B is 1.75 times larger than that of pipe A.  What is the ratio of the
average volume flow rate of the liquid exiting pipe B to that of the liquid exiting pipe A?
 5. Which one of the following statements concerning fluid streamlines is true? In steady flow, the
pattern of streamlines does not change with time.

6.  The figure shows two fish tanks, each having ends of width 1 foot.  Tank A is 3
feet long while tank B is 6 feet long.  Both tanks are filled with 1 foot of water.

SA = the magnitude of the force of the water on the end of tank A

 SB = the magnitude of the force of the water on the end of tank B

 BA = the magnitude of the force of the water on the bottom of tank A

  BB = the magnitude of the force of the water on the bottom of tank B

2SA = SB and 2BA = BB (?)

7. Which one of the following statements concerning the buoyant force on an object
submerged in a liquid is true? The buoyant force depends on the volume of the liquid displaced.
8. Three blocks, labeled A, B, and C, are floating in water as shown in the drawing.  Blocks
A and B have the same mass and volume.  Block C has the same volume, but is
submerged to a greater depth than the other two blocks.  Which one of the following
statements concerning this situation is false? The volume of water displaced by block A is
greater than that displaced by block B.
9. A hypodermic needle consists of a plunger of circular cross-section that slides inside a
hollow cylindrical syringe.  When the plunger is pushed, the contents of the syringe are
forced through a hollow needle (also of circular cross-section).  If a 4.0-N force is applied
to the plunger and the diameters of the plunger and the needle are 1.2 cm and 2.5 mm,
respectively, what force is needed to prevent fluid flow at the needle? 0.17 N
10. A horizontal piping system that delivers a constant flow of water is constructed from
pipes with different diameters as shown in the figure.  At which of the labeled points is
the water in the pipe under the greatest pressure? A

Finals (Quiz)
1. A steel rod is 3.486 cm in diameter at 29.00°C. A brass ring has an interior diameter
of 3.483 cm at 29.00°C. At what common temperature will the ring just slide onto the
rod? The linear expansion coefficient of steel is 11.00 × 10-6 1/C°. The linear
expansion coefficient of brass is 19.00 × 10-6 1/C°.
2. An aluminum cup of 71 cm3 capacity is completely filled with glycerin at 18°C. How
much glycerin will spill out of the cup if the temperature of both the cup and glycerin
is increased to 45°C? (The linear expansion coefficient of aluminum is 23 × 10-6 1/C°.
The coefficient of volume expansion of glycerin is 5.1 × 10-4 1/C°.)

3. What mass of steam at 100°C must be mixed with 465 g of ice at its melting point, in
a thermally insulated container, to produce liquid water at 88.0°C? The specific heat
of water is 4186 J/kg·K. The latent heat of fusion is 333 kJ/kg, and the latent heat of
vaporization is 2256 kJ/kg.
4. An insulated Thermos contains 120 cm3 of hot coffee at 84.0°C. You put in a 15.0 g
ice cube at its melting point to cool the coffee. By how many degrees has your coffee
cooled once the ice has melted and equilibrium is reached? Treat the coffee as though
it were pure water and neglect energy exchanges with the environment. The specific
heat of water is 4186 J/kg·K. The latent heat of fusion is 333 kJ/kg. The density of
water is 1.00 g/cm3.

5. In the figure four particles form a square. The charges are q1 = +Q, q2 = q3 = q, and
q4 = -30.0Q. What is q/Q if the net electrostatic force on particle 1 is zero?
6. In the figure particles 1 and 2 are fixed in place, but particle 3 is free to move. If the
net electrostatic force on particle 3 due to particles 1 and 2 is zero and L23 = 4.02L12,
what is the ratio q1/q2?

7.