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IP, ARP and ICMP Protoco Description

The document summarizes key components of the network layer: IP (Internet Protocol), ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), and IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol). It also describes basic IP routing, including routing tables, routing mechanisms, and the use of gateway IP addresses. Internet control protocols like ARP, RARP, and ICMP are covered, along with how they are used to resolve addresses, handle errors, and provide network support and control.

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syed sadaqat Ali
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114 views21 pages

IP, ARP and ICMP Protoco Description

The document summarizes key components of the network layer: IP (Internet Protocol), ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), and IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol). It also describes basic IP routing, including routing tables, routing mechanisms, and the use of gateway IP addresses. Internet control protocols like ARP, RARP, and ICMP are covered, along with how they are used to resolve addresses, handle errors, and provide network support and control.

Uploaded by

syed sadaqat Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network Layer

 IP:Internet Protocol
 Unreliable (best-effort)
 Connectionless
 IP datagram
 ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol
 Request/response/error messages
 Ping, traceroute
 Encapsulated in IP datagrams.
 IGMP: Internet Group Management Protocol
 Join/leave IP multicast groups.
 Encapsulated in IP datagrams.
Port
IP Datagram
IP Address
IP Address Classes
Decimal Notation
IP Class Ranges
Network and Host Address
Example
Example: Subnet
Subnetting
Netmask
Basic IP Routing
 Hop-by-hop using routing table.
 Routing table entry:
 Destination IP address:
 host address - non-zero host ID
 network address - host ID = 0

 Gateway IP address:
 next-hop router.
 directly connected.
Basic IP Routing
 Flags
 destination IP: host or network address
 gateway IP: router or direct connect

 Network interface should be used for


transmission.
IP Routing Mechanism
 Search routing table for an entry:
 Matches the complete IP address (both network and host
IDs).
 Matches the destination network ID.
 Default route.
 If found, send to the gateway IP address (either
next-hop or directly connected interface).
 Otherwise, the datagram is undeliverable (router
issues an ICMP error message).
Internet Control Protocols
 To provide support for IP.
 ARP
 RARP
 ICMP
 All data for these protocols are encapsulated
in IP datagrams.
ICP: ARP
 ARP: Address Resolution Protocol
 To send a packet to the destination, a host must
know the destination physical network address.
 The sender/router must convert from IP address to
physical network address (ie. Ethernet address).
 When a host wants to find a physical address:
 It broadcasts an ARP request containning an IP address.
 The owner (or designated responder) replies with its own
network address.
 ARP response can be cached.
Address Resolution Protocol
ICP: RARP
 Reverse Address Resolution Protocol.
 The reverse of ARP.
 For diskless workstation.
 X Terminal
 Other related protocols:
 bootp
 tftp
ICP: ICMP
 Internet Control Message Protocol
 Communicate error messages and other conditions
for IP and higher layers.
 Message Types:
 Status checking: ping.
 Error messages: destination unreachable, network
unreachable, etc.
 Flow control: source quench.
 Routing control: redirect, etc.
 Information retrieval: timestamp request, etc.
Important ICMP Messages
 Echo:
 for ping program.
 Destination, network, port unreachable messages:
 Used by the traceroute program.
 Time Exceeded:
 TTL = 0 during transit or reassembly.
 Also used by the traceroute program.
 Source quench:
 flow control.
 the receiver informs the sender that it is running out of
buffer and starts dropping datagrams.

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