Designing Of Flat Slab Using IS Code Method

A Mini Project Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree
of
Bachelor Of Technology
in
Civil Engineering
Submitted to-
Dr. APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
LUCKNOW.
Submitted by: Under The Guidance of :
Amay Mishra (1701000011) Mani Mahesh Tiwari
(Assitant Professor)

Department Of Civil Engineering

United College Of Engineering &Research
A-31 Industrial Area Naini,Prayagraj.
 INTRODUCTION
A slab is a structural element, made of concrete, that is used to
create flat horizontal surfaces such as floors, roof decks and ceilings.
A slab is generally several inches thick(100 and 500 millimeters) and
supported by beams,columns, walls, or the ground.

Concrete slabs can be prefabricated off-site and lowered into place or

may be poured in-situ using formwork. If reinforcement is
required, slabs can be pre-stressed or the concrete can be poured
over rebar positioned within the formwork.

Choice Of Type Of Slab Floor :

The choice of type of slab for a particular floor depends on many
factors. Economy of construction is obviously an important
consideration, but this is a qualitative argument until specific cases are
discussed, and is a geographical variable. The design loads, required
spans, serviceability requirements, and strength requirements are all
important. For beamless slabs, the choice between a flat slab and a flat
plate is usually a matter of loading and span. Flat plate strength is often
governed by shear strength at the columns, and for service live loads
greater than (4.8 kN/m2) and spans greater than about (7 to 8 m) the flat
slab is often the better choice.
If severe deflection limits are imposed, the two-way slab will be most
suitable, as the introduction of even moderately stiff beams will reduce
deflections more than the largest reasonable column capital is able to.

01
Types of RCC Slabs:
 RCC slab can be various types depending on various criteria. Such as
ribbed slab, flat slab, solid slab, continuous slab, simply supported slab
etc. Today we are going to discuss the types of solid RCC slabs. For a
suspended slab, there are a number of designs to improve the strength-
to-weight ratio. In all cases the top surface remains flat, and the
underside is modulated:

 Corrugated, usually where the concrete is poured into a corrugated

steel tray. This improves strength and prevents the slab bending
under its own weight. The corrugations run across the short
dimension, from side to side.
 A ribbed slab, giving considerable extra strength on one direction.
 A waffle slab, giving added strength in both directions.
 A one way slab has structural strength in shortest direction.
 A two way slab has structural strength in two directions.

One-way slabs:
One way slab is a slab which is supported by beams on the two
opposite sides to carry the load along one direction. The ratio of longer
span (l) to shorter span (b) is equal or greater than 2, considered as One
way slab because this slab will bend in one direction i.e in
the direction along its shorter span.

02
Two Way Slabs :
Two way slab is a slab supported by beams on all the four sides and
the loads are carried by the supports along with both directions, it is
known as two way slab. In two way slab, the ratio of longer span (l) to
shorter span (b) is less than 2.
In two way slabs, the load will be carried in both the directions. So, the
main reinforcement is provided in both directions for two way slabs.
When a Solid RCC slab rests on four beams but long-span of slab is less
than or equal to two times of short-span then we can call that slab a
“two-way slab”. In two-way slab, main reinforcement runs both in short
and long direction and stay perpendicularly with one another.

03

IS456 : 2000 Recommendations for Design of

Slabs :
Effective Span :
(a) For Simply Supported Slab

The effective span is taken as smaller of the following:

(i) Centre to centre of supports.

(ii) Clear distance between the supports plus the effective depth.

(b) For Continuous Slab

In a continuous slab, where the width of support is less than 1/12 of the
clear span, the effective span should be taken as given in (a) for simply
supported slab.

If the supports are wider than 1/12 of the clear span, or 600mm
whichever is less, the effective span shall be taken as under:

(i) For end span, with one end free and the other end continuous or for
intermediate spans, the effective span shall be the clear span between
supports.

(ii) For end span, with one end free and the other end continuous, the
effective span shall be equal to clear span plus half the effective depth of
slab or clear span plus half the width of discontinuous support whichever
is less.

04

Deflection Control :
For slabs, the vertical deflection limits are specified by maximum l/d
ratio:
(a) For spans upto 10m

TYPE OF SPAN l
( d ) ratio

Cantilever 7

Simply Supported 20

Continuous 26

(b) For spans greater than 10 m, the above value may be multiplied by
10/span, except for cantilever, for which exact deflection calculations
should be made.

(c) Depending on the area and type of tensile steel the above values may
be modified.

(d) For slabs spanning in two directions, the shorter of the two spans
shall be used for calculating span to effective depth ratio.

For two way slabs of small spans (upto 3.5m) with mild steel
reinforcement, the shorter span to overall depth (given below) ratios may
be assumed to satisfy the deflection limits for loading class upto
3000N/m2 .

05

Simply supported              : 35

Continuous slab                : 40
For high strength deformed bars the values given above should be
multiplied by 0.8.

Reinforcement in Slabs :
(a) Minimum Reinforcement
The area of reinforcement in either direction in a slab should not be less
than 0.15 percent of the total cross-sectional area in case of mild steel
reinforcement. In the case of high strength deformed bars, this values
can be reduced to 0.12 percent.

(b) Maximum Diameter

The maximum diameter of the reinforcing bar in a slab should not
exceed 1/8th of the total thickness of the slab.

(c) Distribution reinforcement

Distribution reinforcement is provided in the longer span of one ay slab.
This steel is as per the minimum reinforcement criteria (a) given above.
The function of distribution steel are:

(i) To distribute the concentrated loads coming on the slab.

(ii) To protect against shrinkage and temperature stresses.

(iii) To keep the main steel bar in position.

The distribution steel is kept above the main steel and is not provided
with hook at the ends.
(d) Spacing of Reinforcement
(1) Minimum Distance between Bars

(i) The minimum horizontal distance between two parallel main bars
shall not be less than

 The diameter of the bar (largest diameter bar is to be considered).

 5mm more than the nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate
used in concrete.

(ii) The vertical distance between two layers of main reinforcement shall
be more than:

 15 mm or
 2/3rd the nominal maximum size of aggregate
 Maximum size of the bar

(2) Maximum Distance between Bars in Tension

(i) The spacing of main steel in a slab should not exceed the following:

 3 times the effective depth of slab.

 300 mm

(ii) The spacing of the bars provided to act as distribution steel

(discussed later) or bars provided for preventing temperature and
shrinkage stresses shall not exceed the following:

 Five times the effective depth of slab

 450 mm.

(e) Cover
Nominal cover to be provided in a slab is 20mm and the other values of
cover for different environmental conditions.
(f) Bent Up Bars
Some of the main reinforcement in slabs are generally bent up near the
supports to take up negative moment which may develop due to partial
fixity. Generally alternate bars are bent up at a distance of 0.15l (or l/7)
from the centre of supports. The bar available at the upper face should
be more than l/10 (0.1l) from the centre of support. The reinforcement
detailing of one way slab is shown in Fig.

Slab design

(g) Curtailment of Bars

The bars in a slab may be curtailed as per the recommendation in code.
But in practice, the bars are bent and not curtailed in slabs.

(h) Shear design

Slabs are safe in shear (nominal shear stress is very low since b is large)
therefore no shear reinforcement is provided in slabs except that the
alternate bars are bent up near the supports.

Loads On Slab :
The various loads coming on a slab are as follows:

(i) Self weight (dead load) of the slab

(ii) Live loads as per use.

(iii) Finishing and partitioned loads.

These loads can be taken from IS code 875 (Part-I).

DESIGN OF A TWO WAY SLAB FOR A ROOM

WITH INTERNAL DIMENSIONS 4m×8.5m :
Considering the slab is resting over beams 300mm wide and the
live load acting on the slab is 4KN/m2.
Using : Grade of concrete = M25.
 Grade of steel = Fe 415.

1. Depth Of the Slab :

Lx = 4m ; Ly = 8.5m.
where, Lx = length of shorter span.
Ly = length of longer span.
Ly
Lx
=2.125 > 2 -One way slab

2. Thikness(based on serviceability criteria of deflection) :

leff
d
=20∗mf (when bar is in tension)

Span upto 10m

For mf
A st required
Fs= 0.58fy ( A st provided
)

[Assume, Pc%< Pt lim%]

A st X u max 0.36 f ck
Pt lim%= ( bd ¿×100= ( d
× 0.87 f y ¿×100
X u max
d
= 0.48 (for Fe415)

Pt%=1.201%
Assume Pt %= 0.5%
A st required
Fs = 0.58fy ( A st provided
)

Fs = 0.58fy
 = 0.58×415 = 240 N/mm2 (Ast required= Ast provided because we
Don’t know both)
Mf tension = 1.2
For Pt% = 0.5% & fs= 240N/mm2
leff
d
=20×1.2

leff=(l+b) c/c distance

or (whichever is less)
(l+d)
leff = l+d (mostly less)
l+ d
=20× 1.2
d

l 4000
d= 20× 1.2−1 = 20× 1.2−1 =175mm

Assume, bar dia = 10mm∅

Overall depth D = 175+30+5 = 210mm
leff= 4000+230 = 4230mm
or
= 4000+175=4175
Shorter value adopted
ls or lx = 4175mm
{ hence previous assumption of (l+d) wass correct }

Strength criteria (for thikness) (require moment & shear force):

Dead load of slab = 0.210×1×25
= 5.25 KN/m
Live load = 4KN/m
Total service load =10.75KN/m
Factored load = 10.75 × 1.5 = 16.125 KN/m

Factored moment at mid point/ span-

Mu max = (Wfactored lx2/ 8)
16.125× 4.1752
= 8

= 35.134 KN/m
Thickness of slb from flexural consideration :
For a balanced section
xu max xu max
Mu = 0.36fck bd2 d
(1-0.42 d
)

b= 1000mm
35.134×106= 0.36×25×1000×d×0.48( 1 – 0.42×0.48)
d= 100.6mm
overall depth D = 100.6+30+5
= 135.6mm < 210mm
Hence depth of slab for design is 210mm adopted
d=175mm , Ø=10mm
Steel requirement:
Mu =0.87fyAst (d-0.42xu)
0.87 f y A st
=0.87fyAst (d- 0.42× 0.36 fck b )

Fy =415N/mm2 , d=175mm ,fck=20N/mm2 , b=1000mm

Ast = 589.28mm2/m ( required Ast)
Spacing of 10mmØ (ast= 78.5mm2 ) bar,
S= 1000.ast/Ast
= 133.21mm
Maximum spacing limit – 3d or 300

Provided 10mmØ bar @ 130mm c/c

(Ast provided= 603.85 mm2)
ast
Ast provided = 1000 s = 1000×78.5/130

= 603.85mm2
 603.85
Pc % = 1000× 210 ×100 = 0.28% < Pt lim %

Hence ok
Distribution steel (provided at d to the main R/f):
Ast min is provided
Ast min =0.12% of gross cross-section
0.12
= 100 ×100×210

= 252mm2/m
(dia should be less then main bar)
Spacing of 8mmØ bar ( ast= 50mm2)
ast 1000× 50
S =1000 A = st 252 = 198.4mm

Max spacing limit :

5d = 5×175 =875mm
Or { adopt smaller value}
450mm
To provide 8mmØ bar@ 130mm c/c as distribution wheel
Check for definition :
A st
For Pt% = bd
×100
603.85
Ast provided = 1000× 175 ×100 = 0.35%
 A st req
Fs = 0.58fy A st provided

589.29
= 0.58 ×415× 603.85

= 234.88 N/mm2 = 240N/mm2

Modification factor = 1.44
l eff
( d )max = 20×1.44 = 28.8
l eff
( d )provided =4175/175= 23.86<28.8

Slab is safe in deflection

Check for shear :
Maximum factored shear force vu = wl/2 = 16.25×4/2
vu = 32.25KN
vu 32.25× 103
τv = =
bd 1000 ×175
= 0.184 N/mm2

Pc% provided = 0.35% & grade of concrete = M25

τc = 0.411 N/mm2
Permissible shear strength = τ ck

= 0.411× 1.2
= .197 > τ v
Hence no shear R/f is required.
Check for deflection department length :
 0.87 f y
Ld = 4 τ bd

τ bd= 1.4× 1.6 = 2.24

Ld = 40.3 Ø
At simple support
Mu
Ld ≤ ( )
Vu
1.9+ ¿L0

[ where L0 = 12Ø or d] { adopt greater value}

L0 = 175mm
Ld ≤ ¿) ×1.3 + 175
40.3Ø ≤ ¿)×1.3 + 175
Ø≤ 39.48 mm
Ø provided = 10mm
Hence satisfactory