Unit 10.

HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND LONGEVITY-VOCABULARY

I. Give Vietnamese meaning.
ENGLISH VIETNAMESE
1. Longevity (n) /lɒη'dʒevəti/ : long life :………………………………………………………..
2. Immune system (n) /i'mju:n/ /'sistəm/: the bodily system that :………………………………
protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune respons
3. Meditation (n) /,medi'tei∫n/ : the action or practice of meditating :…………………………..
4. Life expectancy (n) /laifik'spektənsi/ the average period that :………………………………
a person may expect to live
5. Workout (n) /'wə:kaut/: a session of vigorous physical :……………………………………..
exercise or training
6. Remedy (n) /'remədi/ : a medicine or treatment for a disease or injury :……………………..
7. Prescription (n) /'pri'skrip∫n/ : an instruction written by a :…………………………………..
medical practitioner that authorizes a patient to be provided a medicine or treatment
8. Aging process (n) /'eidʒiɳ/ /'prəʊses/: a process in which many :……………………………
bodily functions begin to gradually decline
9. Nutrition (n) /nju:'tri∫n/ the process of providing or obtaining :………………………………
the food necessary for health and growth.
10. Nutritious (adj) /nju:'tri∫əs/: nourishing; efficient as food :………………………………….
11. Cholesterol (n) /kə'lestərɒl/: a compound of the sterol type :……………………………….
found in most body tissues
12. Infection (n) /in'fek∫ən/: the process of infecting or the : …………………………………..
state of being infected
13. Acne (n) /'ækni/: the occurrence of inflamed or infected :…………………………………..
sebaceous glands in the skin; in particular, a condition characterized
by red pimples on the face, prevalent chiefly among teenagers.
14. Scanner (n) /'skænə[r]/ : a machine that examines the body :……………………………….
through the use of radiation, ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging, as a diagnostic aid
15. X-ray machine (n) /'eksrei/ /mə'∫i:n/ : ………………………………………………………
16. Diagnose (v) /'daiəgnəʊz/: identify the nature of :…………………………………………..
(an illness or other problem) by examination of the symptoms
17. Antibiotic (n) /,æntibai'ɒtik/ : a medicine such as penicillin :……………………………….
or its derivatives that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms
18. Vaccine (n) /'væksi:n/: a substance used to stimulate the :…………………………………..
production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases
19. Obesity (n) /əʊ'bi:səti/ : the condition of being grossly fat or overweight :………………….
20. Diet (v) /'daiət/ : = be on a diet a special course of food to :…………………………………
which one restricts oneself, either to lose weight or for medical reasons
21. Dietary (adj) /'daiətəri/ : relating to diets or dieting :……………………………………….
22. Dietician (n) /,daiə'ti∫n/ : an expert on diet and nutrition :…………………………………..
23. Prolong (v) /prə'lɒŋ/ : extend the duration of :………………………………………………
24. Squeeze (v) /skwi:z/: firmly press (something soft or yielding), :…………………………..
typically with one's fingers
25. Pimple (n) /'pimpl/ : a small hard inflamed spot on the skin :……………………………….
26. Sunscreen (n) /ˈsʌnˌskriːn/ : a cream or lotion rubbed on to :………………………………
the skin to protect it from the sun
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27. Fitness instructor (n) /'fitnis/ : huấn luyện viên thể dục :…………………………………..
28. Joint damage (n) /dʒɔint/ /'dæmidʒ/ : sự tổn thương khớp :…………………………………
29. Appetite (n) /'æpitait/: a natural desire to satisfy a bodily :…………………………………
need, especially for food
30. Overweight (adj) /,əʊvə'weit/: above a weight considered :………………………………..
normal or desirable
31. Stroke (n) /strəʊk/ : a sudden disabling attack or loss of :…………………………………..
consciousness caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain, especially through
thrombosis
32. Be attributed to /ə'tribju:tid/: ………………………………………………………………
II. Use the words given in the box to complete the sentences.
anti-ageing anti-acne prescription immune nutritious
expectancy meditation healthy sugar - free stress - free
1. My doctor said that these natural remedies can boost my ______________________ system.
2. One of the main responsibilities of a dietitian is to promote ________________________
and balanced diets.
3. ________________________ drinks are better for your teeth and general health.
4. In addition to a nutritious diet, a _________________________ lifestyle can boost your
health and increase your life expectancy.
5. The development of effective medicines has contributed to the increase in the average life
________________________ in some countries.
6. An hour of ________________________ can help you to relieve your stress.
7. Some people believe that ________________________ foods can make them younger.
8. Home-made ______________masks based on fruits are completely natural and inexpensive.
9. Doctors should use more legible handwriting when giving _________________________.
10. Some people believe that keeping a diary of daily activities is one simple way to help you to
stay ________________________.
III. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form the word that fits in the
gap in the same line.
1. In the United States, if a food contains less than 0.5 grams of fat in a
________________________, it can be labeled fat-free. (SERVE)
2. Try to avoid glaring on your computer from windows and lights, and use an anti-acne screen
if ________________________. (NEED)
3. It's all about their diet and ________________________ that people in the Longevity Hot
Spots have already found the secrets of the anti-ageing process. (LIFE)
4. Men should drink no more than four units in any one day and have at ________________two
alcohol-free days a week. (LESS)
5. Studies have shown that our overuse of _________________________ ingredients has
helped to create new resistant bacteria. (BACTERIAL)
6. Although it's impossible to control all the factors involving your skin, you can take measures
to reduce the problem with the anti-glare _________________________ at home. (TREAT)
7. After rinsing your face, if your face feels dry, apply a(n) oil-free
_______________________. (MOISTURE)
8. Perhaps the key to a stress-free ________________________ is not to remove the cause of
the stress, but rather to improve one's response to stress. (EXIST)

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9. Kidney beans, almonds, sunflower seeds and walnuts are all ________________________,
cholesterol-free sources of protein, fiber and magnesium. (EXCELLENTLY)
10. Sugar-free foods can be helpful if you have diabetes and it is best to support overall
wellness and blood sugar ________________________. (REGULAR)
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from
the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. sugar B. consume C. trans-fat D. obesity
2. A. vitamin B. mineral C. diet D. fitness
3. A medicine. B. remedy C. exercise D. obesity
4. A balanced B. yoga C. fatty D. natural
5. A. vegetable B. hygiene C. sugary D. longevity
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in
the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. prevent B. injure C. sugar D. fitness
2. A. healthy B. consume C. diet D. headache
3. А. уора B. fatal C. immune D. careful
4. A. infectious B. essential C. precaution D. properly
5. A. unhealthy B. vitamin C. mineral D. natural
VI. Choose the best answer.
1. They claim that one in twenty deaths can be directly attributed ____ air pollution.
A. to B. for C. above D. on
2. The symptoms of depression can include poor ____ and weight loss.
A. audience B. authority C. appetite D. apology
3. “I do want to invite Dan and Margaret as well” - The wife said to her husband, has the
closest meaning to ____.
A. The wife insisted on inviting Dan and Margaret as well.
B. The wife apologized for inviting Dan and Margaret as well.
C. The wife denied inviting Dan and Margaret as well.
D. The wife thanked for inviting Dan and Margaret as well.
4. "If you freeze water, it turns to ice." has the closest meaning to ____.
A. Water turns to ice when it is frozen. B. Water turned to ice if it is frozen.
C. Water turned to ice when it is frozen. D. Water turns to ice when it froze.
5. The new service helped ____ pre-tax profits by 10%.
A. to boost B. to boat C. to board D. to burn
6. The virus affects the body's immune system so that it cannot fight ____.
A. affection B. infection C. effective D. reflection
7. The test is used to ____ a variety of diseases.
A. diagnose B. diagram C. dialogue D. dialect
8. One of the best ways to get to your ideal size is to cut fat ____ right down.
A. inhale B. indeed C. induce D. intake
9. It is important that the recovery be export-led rather than led by domestic ____.
A. consumption B. consumed C. consumes D. consume
10. Lentil soup is highly ____ and easy to prepare.
A. nutrition B. nutritious C. nutrient D. nutrients
11. The operation could ____ his life by two or three years.
A. prolong B. longevity C. prolonging D. length
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12. They claim that one in twenty deaths can be directly ____ to air pollution.
A. occupied B. supplied C. attributed D. criticized
13. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. relieve B. healthy C. weaken D. workout
14. Most of the birds seek out ____ climates during the winter months.
A. cold B. milder C. colder D. warmth
15. In order to avoid bad eating habits, you'll have to replace unhealthy fat with more ____
food.
A. nutrition B. nutritional C. nutritious D. nutritive
16. If you're tired, even if you feel that you need to get more done, give yourself ____ to sleep.
A. request B. requirement C. permission D. permit
17. Bahrain's ____ closed up 10.09 points today at 2160.09.
A. stockbroker B. stock index C. stock exchange D. stock option
18. The student failed to meet the necessary ____ for admission to the course.
A. fulfillments B. qualities C. aptitudes D. requirements
19. ____ cholesterol is a byproduct of the fat that are found in animal-based foods like eggs,
dairy products and meat.
A. Diet B. Dietary C. Meal D. Food
20. After ____, people feel more refreshed and alert.
A. meditation B. attention C. determination D. prescription
21. Living to an average of 83 years old, Japan is the nation with the highest ____ in the world.
A. lifetime B. lifework C. life force D. life expectancy
22. Make sure the ____ for your glasses or contact lens is up-to-date and adequate for computer
use.
A. medicine B. prescription C. size D. introduction
23. By cutting down trees we ____ the natural habitat of birds and animals.
A. hurt B. harm C. damage D. injure
24. The doctor has advised ____ less coffee.
A. me drink B. I will drink C. me drinking D. me to drink
25. Whole grains are high in fiber and contain a variety of ____ that support healthy blood
sugar levels.
A. nutrition B. nutrients C. nutritionists D. nutritious
26. Good ____, controlling calorie intake and physical activity are the only way to maintain a
healthy weight.
A. nutrient B. nutrition C. malnutrition D. nutritionists
27. The High Street is so narrow that the council have decided to ____ it.
A. extend B. widen C. increase D. lengthen
28. I'm very glad to hear that you share my ____ in Spanish music.
A. enjoyment B. listening C. interest D. liking
29. My own ____ for health is less paperwork and more running barefoot through the grass.
A. routine B. treatment C. medicine D. prescription
30. The university graduates one of the highest percentages of registered dieticians and ____ in
the world.
A. nutrition B. nutritious C. nutrients D. nutritionists

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VII. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. Children often get vaccinated in order to be immune to fatal diseases.
A. susceptible B. vulnerable C. allowed D. resistant
2. This kind of fruit helps to boost the immune system.
A. decrease B. reduce C. increase D. maintain
3. Life expectancy for both men and women has improved greatly in the past twenty years.
A. Living standard B. Longevity C. Life skills D. Lifeline
4. Here are some principles for people to stick to if they want to stay healthy.
A. rules B. principals C. laws D. duties
5. We should consume healthy food and exercise regularly.
A. store B. purchase C. buy D. eat
6. There are several ways to exercise and stay healthy.
A. apply B. exploit C. keep fit D. operate
7. We should take prescription medicine only when other methods fail.
A. decline B. not succeed C. break D. fall
8. If you take this medicine, you will recover quickly.
A. get well B. get on C. get up D. get in
9. The doctor warned his patient not to take too much sugar.
A. shouted B. threatened C. punished D. cautioned
10. In order to stay healthy, make sure you have a balanced intake of vitamins and minerals.
A. take-off B. take-away C. consumption D. digestion
11. Too much fast food consumption can increase the risk of obesity and heart disease.
A. being underweight B. being overweight C. malnutrition D. fitness
12. A popular way to relieve stress in today's busy lifestyles is practising meditation.
A. reduce B. relax C. repeat D. require
13. People can fight infection more easily if they have an adequate diet.
A. injection B. disease C. hygiene D. each other
14. We should drink a lot of water to prevent water loss.
A. boost B. stimulate C. avoid D. trigger
15. In order to avoid sunburn, many people wear protecting clothes when they go out.
A. continue B. encourage C. facilitate D. block
16. Remember to wash your face twice a day with warm water and mild soap to remove dirt.
A. light B. destructive C. strong D . protective
17. Squeezing pimples can lead to swelling, redness, and infection.
A. falling B. declining C. shrinking D. becoming bigger
18. Eating a wide variety of fruit and vegetables provides you with vitamins and nutrients.
A. broad B. narrow C. limited D. certain
19. She gave us some tips for keeping our skin healthy and preventing common skin problems.
A. particular B. normal C. infrequent D. accepted
20. Having healthy skin is especially essential to women to maintain their beauty.
A. trivial B. meaningless C. vital D. contributory
21. If you stare at a computer screen for too long, it may damage your eyesight.
А. peep B. look C. glance D. gaze
22. The increase in life expectancy can be attributed to health lifestyle, better nutrition, and
advances in medical science and technology.
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 A. activities B. advisers C. delays D. breakthroughs
23. Mass media have helped to raise people's awareness of lifestyle choices.
A. stabilise B. reduce C. lift D. encourage
24. John Keith has been a fitness instructor for more than ten years.
A. practitioner B. trainer C. learner D. intern
25. Here are some precautions for us to take when doing different types of physical activities.
A. safety measures B. safety levels C. safety rules D. safety factors
26. If you do workout outdoors in the hot and sunny weather, your body can overheat and lose a
lot of fluid.
A. liquid B. vitamins C. minerals D. nutrients
VIII. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. You need to do some warm-up exercise such as stretching before you start your yoga
practice.
A. remaining B. declining C. developing D. shrinking
2. Stretching will relax your muscles and prevent any damage to your joints.
A. allow B. avoid C. limit D. protest
3. When you walk, don't look at your feet. This will slow you down and cause back pain.
A. result in B. result from C. lead to D. activate
4. After hundreds of rejections by the employers, I decided that I need to do something about
my obesity.
A. denial B. approval C. refusal D. rebuttal
5. I found a website advertising an effective way to lose weight in one month.
A. drop B. waste C. maintain D. gain
6. I have followed a special diet and joined a fitness class for overweight people for over six
months.
A. refused B. obeyed C. adhered to D. carried on
7. My family totally supported me during my fight against obesity.
A. aided B. discouraged C. assisted D. promoted
8. I have just received my first job offer after having been unemployed for two years.
A. got B. gained C. rejected D. acquired
IX. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following
exchanges.
Two friends Nam and Lan are talking about the topic of healthy lifestyle and longevity.
1. Nam: What do you personally do to keep fit? - Lan: ____
A. I think keeping fit is necessary for everyone.
B. As far as I know, more and more people exercise to keep fit.
C. Fitness centres are mushrooming.
D. I just do morning exercise and maintain a balanced diet.
2. Lan: Do you think it's important for young people to keep fit? - Nam: ____
A. Why do they need to keep fit?
B. It's very important for old-aged people to have a healthy lifestyle.
C. I do think so. As the main labour force of the country, they must be strong.
D. It doesn't cost much to work out in the gym these days.
3. Nam: Do you do any sports ? - Lan: ____
A. More and more people are talking about sports events these days.
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 B. I used to, but now I don't. I'm too busy.
C. There are different types of sports.
D. Sportsmen should be highly paid.
4. Lan: What do people do to keep fit? - Nam: ____
A. Everyone wants to keep fit these days.
B. So many people do harm to their health by smoking or drinking.
C. They combine exercising and having a balanced diet.
D. Not many people can afford to eat healthily.
5. Nam: Do young people you know get enough exercise? - Lan: ____
A. Not really. They are a little bit lazy. B. Getting enough exercise is very important.
C. They tend to eat too much junk food. D. Fast food is the young people's favourite food.
6. Nam: What could we do to encourage them to exercise more? - Lan: ____
A. Exercising in the morning is really encouraging.
B. What about forming some sports clubs after school hours?
C. Young people tend to exercise less than before.
D. Lack of exercise will weaken your body.
X. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct
word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
HEALTHY LIVING
Millions of people today are overweight and out of shape. This is due in part (1) ____ their diet,
which is often high in sugars and fats. Another (2) ____ is that too many of us spend our
evenings gluing (3) ____ the television, instead of doing something to keep (4) ____ fit. Today
hectic lifestyles also prevent us (5) ____ spending as much time as we should on staying in
shape.
Long hours at school and work don't (6) ____ much time for healthy eating. Convenience food,
such as (7) ____ meals and canned vegetables, saves time but is often (8) ____. Fast food and
takeaways are also (9) ____ for many health problems.
In order to enjoy good health, a regular programme of (10) ____ is essential. This can be
anything from gentle forms of yoga (11) ____ body building. Doing a little exercise every day
so as not to develop (12) ____ problems is something that all of us should consider, young and
old. If you don't practise any form of exercise now, it is for you to choose one and start today
and get in shape!
1. A. of B. to C. in D. at
2. A. reason B. effect C. result D. consequence
3. A. in B. on C. to D. at
4. A. them B. themselves C. us D. ourselves
5. A. from B. against C. about D. with
6. A. take B. leave C. spend D. waste
7. A. freeze B. freezing C. frozen D. unfrozen
8. A. health care B. healthful C. healthy D. unhealthy
9. A. responsive B. reacted C. responsible D. irresponsible
10. A. exercises B. exercise C. homework D. housework
11. A. to B. but C. and D. with
12. A. healthy B. unhealthy C. health care D. health
XI. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
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Super Size Me is a 2004 film by Morgan Spurlock, in which he documents his experiment to
eat only McDonald's fast food three times a day, every day, for thirty days.
Spurlock made himself a short list of rules for the experiment, including an obligation to eat all
of the three meals he ordered. He also had to ‘Super Size’, which means accepting a giant
portion every time the option was offered to him. He ended up vomiting after the first Super
Size meal he finished, after taking nearly twenty minutes to consume it.
After five days Spurlock put on almost 5kg, and he soon found himself feeling depressed, with
no energy. The only thing that got rid of his headaches and made him feel better was another
McDonald's meal, so his doctors told him he was addicted. More seriously, around day twenty,
he started experiencing heart palpitations and one of the doctors detected liver problems.
However, in spite of his doctor's advice, Spurlock continued to the end of the month and
achieved a total weight gain of 11kg. His body mass index also increased from a healthy 23.2 to
an overweight 27.
It took Spurlock fifteen months to recover from his experiment and return to his original
weight, but the film also had a wider impact. Just after its showing in 2004, McDonald's phased
out the Super Size option and healthier options like salads appeared on the menu.
Unfortunately, McDonald's denied the connection between the film and the changes, but it is
interesting to note how closely they coincided with the release of the film.
1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. An experiment with McDonald's fast food B. Putting on weight due to eating fast food
C. Connection between fast food and heart diseases D. How fast food trigger liver damage
2. Which of the following is TRUE about Morgan Spurlock?
A. He had to eat Super Size meal once a week. B. He had to eat Super Size meal twice a day.
C. He had to eat Super Size meal three times a week.
D. He had to consume Super Size for three meals a day.
3. In paragraph 2, the word "giant” is closest in meaning to ____.
A. light B. balanced C. big D. healthy
4. Which of the following could get rid of Spurlock's headaches?
A. salad B. a McDonald's meal C. a pain killer D. nothing
5. According to the passage, all of the following are the results of the experiment EXCEPT
____.
A. Spurlock put on weight B. the experiment affected his heart
C. the experiment affected his liver D. he became fairly relaxed and energetic
6. The word “its” in paragraph 4 refers to ____.
A. McDonald's B. the experiment C. the film Super Size Me D. the menu
XII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
In 2002, several obese teenagers in the USA sued McDonald's, claiming that the company was
responsible for making them fat. They argued that McDonald's deliberately misled them into
thinking that their cheeseburgers and other products were healthy and nutritious food. They
claimed that the company had not warned them about the health problems that can result from
eating too much salty, high-fat food and drinking too many sugary drinks: diabetes, high blood
pressure and obesity. The mother of one of the children, who at the age of 15 weighed more
than 180 kilograms, said in her statement: ‘I always believed McDonald's was healthy for my
son.'

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McDonald's rejected the claim that they were responsible for these teenagers’ health problems.
‘People don't go to sleep thin and wake up obese,' said McDonald's lawyer, Brad Lerman. 'The
understanding of what hamburgers and French fries do has been with us for a long, long time,’
he added. The judge agreed, and dismissed the case, saying: 'it is not the place of the law to
protect people against their own excesses.' In other words, if people choose to eat a lot of
unhealthy food, they can't blame the company that sold it to them.
Other similar lawsuits against fast food companies in the USA have also failed. In 2005, the US
House of Representatives passed a bill which became known as the 'Cheeseburger Bill'. It made
it much harder for obese people to take legal action against the food industry. However, the bill
has not ended the arguments about responsibility. There is some scientific evidence to suggest
that fast food is addictive, and harmful too. So is selling fast food the same, in a way, as drug-
dealing?

2. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Obesity - who is to blame? B. Is fast food addictive?
C. Is fast food really healthy? D. How to get rid of fast food?
3. According to the obese teenagers in the USA who sued McDonald’s, which of the following
health problems was NOT mentioned?
A. diabetes B. hypertension C. obesity D. heart disease
4. In paragraph 2, the word “rejected” is closest in meaning to ____.
A. accepted B. denied C. ignored D. agreed
5. In paragraph 2, the word “it” refers to ____.
A. law B. healthy food C. unhealthy food D. bill
6. What happens if people choose to eat a lot of unhealthy food?
A. The company will be responsible for their health problems.
B. They may get financial support from the company.
C. They will surely succeed in lawsuits.
D. They can't force the company to be responsible for them.
7. In paragraph 3, the word “failed” is closest in meaning to ____.
A. not famous B. not important C. not successful D. not proud
8. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about fast food?
A. salty and high-fat B. addictive C. nutritious D. harmful