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Reported Speech Notes

Direct and indirect speech refer to quoting someone's words directly versus reporting what they said in your own words. When using indirect speech, certain changes must be made to reflect changes in tense, place, time, and pronouns. Tense changes from the present to past, words indicating nearness change to distance, pronouns change to the appropriate third person forms, and adverbs of time and place are altered to reflect when and where the speech is being reported rather than originally spoken. Correctly identifying and implementing these changes is necessary to accurately convey someone's message through indirect speech.

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71 views5 pages

Reported Speech Notes

Direct and indirect speech refer to quoting someone's words directly versus reporting what they said in your own words. When using indirect speech, certain changes must be made to reflect changes in tense, place, time, and pronouns. Tense changes from the present to past, words indicating nearness change to distance, pronouns change to the appropriate third person forms, and adverbs of time and place are altered to reflect when and where the speech is being reported rather than originally spoken. Correctly identifying and implementing these changes is necessary to accurately convey someone's message through indirect speech.

Uploaded by

Faisal Jahangir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

SCHOOLS

Direct and Indirect Speech Rules


Reported Speech is also known as Direct and Indirect Speech or
Narration. In Indirect Speech, we convey the speaker’s message in our
own words. Thus, the message can be conveyed in 2 ways.

1. Direct Speech
2. Indirect Speech

Direct speech is known as repeating the exact words spoken and Indirect
speech is known as reporting the words.

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Can Could

May Might

Must Had to/ Would have to

Should Should

Might Might

Could Could

Would Would

Ought to Ought to
 

 
Direct and Indirect Speech Exercises for Modals:
 

Look to the Direct and Indirect Speech examples with answers using
modals.

1. He said, “I can cook food.”

          He said that he could cook food.

2. They said, “We may go to Canada.”

           They said that they might go to Canada.

3. She said, “I must finish the work on time.”

           She said that she had to finish the work on time.

Changes as per Tense


 

In the below table, we are sharing how tense changes into Indirect
speech.

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Present simple Past simple

 (Subject +V1st + Object) (Subject +V2 + Object)

Present continuous
Past Continuous
 (Subject +is/am/are+V1 +ing+
(Subject +was/were+V1 +ing+ Object)
Object)

Present perfect Past perfect


(Subject +
(Subject+had+V3+Object)
has/have+V3+Object)

Past simple Past perfect

(Subject+V2+Object) (Subject+had+V3+Object)

Past Continuous
Past perfect continuous
(Subject +was/were+V1 +ing+
(Subject +had been+V1 +ing+ Object)
Object)

Future simple Present Conditional

(Subject+ will/shall+V1+object) (Subject+ would+V1+object)

Future Continuous Conditional Continuous

(Subject +will/shall+be+V1 (Subject +would+be+V1 +ing+


+ing+ Object) Object)
Changes in Place and Time
 

Words are changed in an Indirect Speech to replace nearness from


distance. In the table, we are sharing some words which are changed in
Indirect speech.

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Now Then

Here There

Today That day

Tomorrow The next day

Last week The previous week


This That

Tonight That night

Ago Before

Thus So

Hither Thither

Come Go

Hence Thence

Next Following
Changes of Pronouns
 

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

I He/she

You He/she/they

We They

They They

He He

She She

It It

Us Them

Our Their
His His

Her Her

Its Its

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