LATERAL LOADS ON

BUILDING FRAMES
CANTILEVER METHOD
Assumptions:
1. A hinged is placed at the center of each girder
and each column since this is assumed to be
point of zero movement.
Note: this internal hinges are placed at
midspan of girders and midheight of columns.
Consider the given frame.
 Assume columns have the same cross-sectional area.
Locate the centroid of each columns per storey.

4Ax = A(0) + A(3.5)+ A(3.5+4.5)+A(3.5+4.5+4)

x = 5.875 m from AH

Consider this storey

 Assume columns have the same cross-sectional area.
Locate the centroid of each columns per storey.
3Ax = A(0) + A(3.5)+ A(3.5+4.5)
x = 3.833 m from HI

Consider this storey

NOTE: 2ND FLOOR AND 3RD FLOOR HAVE THE

SAME CENTROID SINCE THEY HAVE THE SAME
CONFIGURATION
Solve for column axial load, considering that at the left of the centroid the
column axial loads are subjected to compression and at the right are subjected
to tension.
Considering the hinged at the midheight of each column, moment at the
centroid, M = 20(1.4) = 28 kN-m at the 3rd floor.

Considering the hinged at the midheight of each column, moment at the

centroid, M = 20(1.5+3) + 80(1.5) = 206 kN-m at the 2nd floor.

Considering the hinged at the midheight of each column, moment at the centroid,
M = 20(2.25+3+2.8) + 80(2.25+3) + 120(2.25) = 851 kN-m at the ground floor.

Then solve the moment of inertia, I

for 2nd floor and 3rd floor

I = Ad2 = 1 3.833 − 0 2 + 1 3.833 − 3.5 2 + 1 8 − 3.833 2 = 32.167

For ground floor

I = Ad2 = 1 5.875 − 0 2 + 1 5.875 − 3.5 2 + 1 8 − 5.875 2 +1 12 − 5.875 2

= 113.916
 𝑀𝐶
Column axial load, Pc = (𝐴)
𝐼

28(3.833) 28(0.333) 28(4.167)

(1) (1) (1)
32.167 32.167 32.167

206(3.833) 206(0.333) 206(4.167)

(1) (1) (1)
32.167 32.167 32.167

851(5.875) 851(2.375) 851(2.125) 851(6.125)

(1) (1) (1) (1)
113.96 113.96 113.96 113.96
 𝑀𝐶
Column axial load, Pc = (𝐴)
𝐼

3.336 0.290 3.626

24.547 2.133 26.679

43.872 17.735 15.869 45.739

After getting the column axial load, we now solve the girder shear,VG, that is,
analyze each FBD.
Consider this section, you have 3.336 downward force,
therefore you need an upward force of 3.336

3.336 0.290 3.626

24.547 2.133 26.679

43.872 17.735 15.869 45.739

Consider this section, you have 3.336 downward force, and
0.290 downward force therefore you need an upward force
to counteract the forces
3.336

3.336 0.290 3.626

24.547 2.133 26.679

43.872 17.735 15.869 45.739

 3.336 3.626

3.336 0.290 3.626

24.547 2.133 26.679

43.872 17.735 15.869 45.739

Consider the encircled section, a 3.336 upward force and
24.547 downward force, thus, we need an upward force to
counteract
3.336 3.626

3.336 0.290 3.626

24.547 2.133 26.679

43.872 17.735 15.869 45.739

Complete the girder shear.

3.336 3.626

3.336 0.290 3.626

21.211 23.054

24.547 2.133 26.679

19.325 34.927 45.737

43.872 17.735 15.869 45.739

After getting the girder shear, we now solve the girder moment, MG, that is
girder shear x half of the span
3.336 x 3.5/2
3.336 3.626

3.336 0.290 3.626

21.211 23.054

24.547 2.133 26.679

19.325 34.927 45.737

43.872 17.735 15.869 45.739

After getting the girder shear, we now solve the girder moment, MG, that is
column axial load x half of the span

3.336 3.626
5.838 5.838 8.158
8.158

3.336 3.626
0.290
21.211 23.054
37.119 51.872
51.872
37.119

24.547 2.133 26.679

19.325 34.927 45.737
78.586 91.474 91.474
33.819
33.819 78.586

43.872 17.735 15.869 45.739

After getting the girder moment, analyze each joint, such that moment at each
joint must be zero, thus, we counteract the girder moment with the column
moment, MC.
3.336 3.626
5.838 5.838 8.158
8.158

5.838 8.158
13.996
3.336 3.626
0.290
21.211 23.054
37.119 51.872
51.872
37.119

24.547 2.133 26.679

19.325 34.927 45.737
78.586 91.474 91.474
33.819
33.819 78.586

43.872 17.735 15.869 45.739

The column moment above the column is also equal to the moment below the
column.

3.336 3.626
5.838 5.838 8.158
8.158

5.838 8.158
13.996
3.336 3.626
0.290
21.211 13.996 23.054 8.158
5.838
37.119 51.872
51.872
37.119

24.547 2.133 26.679

19.325 34.927 45.737
78.586 91.474 91.474
33.819
33.819 78.586

43.872 17.735 15.869 45.739

Again, moment at each joint must be zero. Consider the direction of the
moment.

3.336 3.626
5.838 5.838 8.158
8.158

5.838 8.158
13.996
3.336 3.626
0.290
21.211 13.996 23.054 8.158
5.838
37.119 51.872
51.872
37.119 43.714
31.281 74.995
24.547 2.133 26.679
19.325 34.927 45.737
78.586 91.474 91.474
33.819
33.819 78.586

43.872 17.735 15.869 45.739

The column moment above the column is also equal to the moment below the
column.

3.336 3.626
5.838 5.838 8.158
8.158

5.838 8.158
13.996
3.336 3.626
0.290
21.211 13.996 23.054 8.158
5.838
37.119 51.872
51.872
37.119 43.714
31.281 74.995
24.547 2.133 26.679
19.325 74.995 34.927 43.714 45.737
31.281 91.474
78.586 91.474
33.819
33.819 78.586

43.872 17.735 15.869 45.739

Again, moment at each joint must be zero. Consider the direction of the
moment.

3.336 3.626
5.838 5.838 8.158
8.158

5.838 8.158
13.996
3.336 3.626
0.290
21.211 13.996 23.054 8.158
5.838
37.119 51.872
51.872
37.119 43.714
31.281 74.995
24.547 2.133 26.679
19.325 74.995 34.927 43.714 45.737
31.281 91.474
78.586 91.474
33.819
33.819 78.586
2.538
37.41 126.346 91.474

43.872 17.735 15.869 45.739

The column moment above the column is also equal to the moment below the
column.

3.336 3.626
5.838 5.838 8.158
8.158

5.838 8.158
13.996
3.336 3.626
0.290
21.211 13.996 23.054 8.158
5.838
37.119 51.872
51.872
37.119 43.714
31.281 74.995
24.547 2.133 26.679
19.325 74.995 34.927 43.714 45.737
31.281 91.474
78.586 91.474
33.819
33.819 78.586
2.538
37.41 126.346 91.474

43.872 17.735 15.869 45.739

2.538 37.41 126.346 91.474

Finally, we solve for the column shear, Vc = Column moment / half of column
height.

3.336 3.626
5.838 5.838 8.158
8.158

5.838 8.158
13.996
3.336 4.17 9.997 3.626
0.290 5.827
21.211 13.996 23.054 8.158
5.838
37.119 51.872
51.872
37.119 43.714
31.281 74.995
28.854 49.997
24.547 2.133 26.679 29.143
19.325 74.995 34.927 43.714 45.737
31.281 91.474
78.586 91.474
33.819
33.819 78.586
2.538
37.41 126.346 91.474

0.282 16.627 56.154 40.655

43.872 17.735 15.869 45.739

2.538 37.41 126.346 91.474

To recap, here are the step-by-
step forces/moments to obtain:
After getting the centroid:

1. Column axial load, Pc

2. Girder shear, VG
3. Girder moment, MG
4. Column axial, Pc
5. Column moment, Mc
6. Column shear, VC