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    LAB MANUAL of DSP-1

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    Eayashen Arafat
    The document provides instructions for a lab experiment on time domain analysis of discrete time signals. It defines common discrete time signals like unit impulse, unit step, unit ramp and exponential signals. It then provides MATLAB code examples and instructions to generate and plot these signals. The lab work section asks students to generate and plot these signals using MATLAB and submit a report.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    LAB MANUAL of DSP-1

    Uploaded by

    Eayashen Arafat
    65 views11 pages
    The document provides instructions for a lab experiment on time domain analysis of discrete time signals. It defines common discrete time signals like unit impulse, unit step, unit ramp and exponential signals. It then provides MATLAB code examples and instructions to generate and plot these signals. The lab work section asks students to generate and plot these signals using MATLAB and submit a report.

    Original Description:

    DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB1

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    The document provides instructions for a lab experiment on time domain analysis of discrete time signals. It defines common discrete time signals like unit impulse, unit step, unit ramp and exponential signals. It then provides MATLAB code examples and instructions to generate and plot these signals. The lab work section asks students to generate and plot these signals using MATLAB and submit a report.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    65 views11 pages

    LAB MANUAL of DSP-1

    Uploaded by

    Eayashen Arafat
    The document provides instructions for a lab experiment on time domain analysis of discrete time signals. It defines common discrete time signals like unit impulse, unit step, unit ramp and exponential signals. It then provides MATLAB code examples and instructions to generate and plot these signals. The lab work section asks students to generate and plot these signals using MATLAB and submit a report.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    LAB MANUAL

    COURSE: DSP-3105

    Information and Communication Technology


    Faculty of Science & Technology
    Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP)

    Laboratory Manual
    Prepared by: Supervised by:
    Saiful Islam Dr. Md. Junaebur Rashid
    Lecturer of ICT, BUP Associate Professor of EEE, DU
    Experiment Name: Time domain analysis of discrete time signals

    Objectives:
    1. To understand the time domain properties of discrete time signals: unit impulse, unit step,
    unit ramp, and exponential signals.
    2. To learn how to generate and plot the discrete time signals in MATLAB.

    Pre-Lab works
    1. Read carefully the experiment manual before attending the lab.
    2. See the theory lecture notes (bring them with you if necessary).
    3. Practice the examples given in this experiment at home for better class performance.
    4. Do not bring any relevant MATLAB codes, neither in any portable device nor in written
    form.
    5. Familiarize yourself with the MATLAB commands that may be required for this lab (see
    the list).

    Discrete Time Signals

    Signals are broadly classified into analog and discrete signals. An analog signal will be denoted by
    Xa(t), in which the variable t can represent any physical quantity, but we will assume that it
    represents time in seconds. A discrete signal will be denoted by x(n), in which the variable n is
    integer valued and represents discrete instances in time. Therefore it is also called a discrete-time
    signal, which is a number sequence and will be denoted by one of the following notations:
    x(n) = {x(n)} = {. . . , x(−1), x(0), x(1), . . .}

    where the up-arrow indicates the sample at n = 0.

    In MATLAB we can represent a finite-duration sequence by a row vector of appropriate values.


    However, such a vector does not have any information about sample position n. Therefore a
    correct representation of x(n) would require two vectors, one each for x and n. For example, a
    sequence x(n) = {2, 1,−1,0, 1, 4, 3, 7} can be represented in MATLAB by
    >> n=[-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4]; x=[2,1,-1,0,1,4,3,7];
    Generally, we will use the x-vector representation alone when the sample position information is
    not required or when such information is trivial (e.g. when the sequence begins at n = 0). An
    arbitrary infinite-duration sequence cannot be represented in MATLAB due to the finite memory
    limitations.

    TYPES OF SEQUENCES
    We use several elementary sequences in digital signal processing for analysis purposes. Their
    definitions and MATLAB representations follow.

    1. Unit sample sequence (unit impulse, unit impulse signal)


    1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛=0
    𝑢(𝑛) = {
    0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
    {… ,0,0,1,0,0, … }

    MATLAB Coding

    In MATLAB the function zeros(1,N) generates a row vector of N zeros, which can be used to
    implement δ(n) over a finite interval.

    % Program for the generation of Unit Impulse sequence


    clc;
    clear all;
    close all;
    n=-5:1:5;
    x=[zeros(1,5),ones(1,1),zeros(1,5)];
    stem(n,x);
    xlabel('time');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    title('Unit Impulse signal');
    2. Unit Step sequence

    1 for n  0
    u ( n) =  {… ,0,0,1,1,1, … }
    0 for n  0

    MATLAB Coding

    In MATLAB the function ones(1,N) generates a row vector of N ones. It can be used to generate
    u(n) over a finite interval.

    % Program for the generation of Unit Step sequence


    clc;
    clear all;
    close all;
    n=-10:1:15;
    x=[zeros(1,10),ones(1,16)];
    stem(n,x);
    xlabel('time');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    title('Unit step signal');
    3. Ramp sequence

    𝑢(𝑛) = 𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 ≥ 0
    0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 < 0

    MATLAB Coding
    % Program for the generation of Unit Ramp sequence
    clc;
    clear all;
    close all;
    n=-1:10;
    x=[zeros(1,1),0:10];
    stem(n,x)
    xlabel('time')
    ylabel('Amplitude')
    title('Unit Ramp signal')
    Alternative coding
    % program for generation of ramp signal
    clc;
    clear all;
    close all;
    n1 = input('Enter the value for end of the sequence: '); %n1 = <any
    value>10
    x = 0:n1;
    stem(x);
    xlabel('time')
    ylabel('Amplitude')
    title('Unit Ramp signal')

    'Enter the value for end of the sequence: 10


    4. Exponential sequence

    Real-valued exponential sequence:


    n
    x(n) = a , ∀n; a ∈ R

    In MATLAB an array operator “.^” is required to implement a real exponential sequence. For
    example, to generate x(n) = (0.9)n, 0 ≤ n ≤ 10, we will need the following MATLAB script:
    >> n = [0:10];
    >> x = (0.9).^n;

    MATLAB Coding

    % program for generation of exponential signal


    clc;
    clear all;
    close all;
    n=0:20;
    x=(0.9).^n
    stem(n,x);
    xlabel('time');
    ylabel('Amplitude');
    title('Real valued Exponential signal');
    Useful MATLAB Commands:
    clc zeros xlabel
    close all ones ylabel
    clear all stem title

    LAB WORK
    1. Unit Impulse signal
    a. Create Unit impulse signals,  (n ) for n = -5:5

    [Hint: Use the logical relation n==0 for implementing δ(n). For example, to implement
    𝛿(𝑛) = 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑛𝑜
    0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 ≠ 𝑛𝑜
    over the n1 ≤n0 ≤n2 interval.]

    b. Plot Unit Impulse signal Vs. n Using the MATLAB function stem ( ).

    c. Level the X and Y coordinate and use a title of the generated signal.

    2. Unit Step signal


    a. Create Unit Step signals: u(n), u(n-8), u(n+12) for n = -25:25
    [Hint: Use MATLAB functions- zeors and ones.]
    b. In each case plot impulse signal Vs. n Using the MATLAB function stem ( ).
    c. Level the X and Y coordinate and use a title of the generated signals.
    3. Unit Ramp signal

    Generate a ramp sequence shown in following figure using your own aptitude.
    a. Write MATLAB script or m-file.
    b. Plot Unit Ramp signal Vs. n Using the MATLAB function stem ( ).
    c. Level the X and Y coordinate and use a title of the generated signals.
    [You can code this program in different ways.]
    4. Exponential sequence
    Generate a real valued-exponential sequence shown in following figure using, a=0.85
    a. Write MATLAB script or m-file.
    b. Plot Real valued Exponential signal Vs. n Using the MATLAB function stem ( ).
    c. Level the X and Y coordinate and use a title of the generated signals.
    REPORT:
    1. Submit a report on your lab work along with the corresponding MATLAB script file and
    figure window for each work.
    2. Clearly label x-axis, y-axis, and title in each figure.
    3. Answer all the questions in Lab Work.

    Warning
    1. Don’t copy from your mates.

    Reference
    1. Digital Signal Processing Using MATLAB®, Third Edition Vinay K. Ingle, John G.
    Proakis.

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