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WEEK 8 Percentiles and T Distribution

The document discusses the t-distribution and percentiles. It explains that the t-distribution is similar to the normal distribution but used for small sample sizes. The t-table is provided to find t-values based on degrees of freedom and percentiles. Examples are given to find t-values for different sample sizes and percentiles using the t-table. An activity sheet with problems to find t-values is also included.

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Cresilda Mugot
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1K views6 pages

WEEK 8 Percentiles and T Distribution

The document discusses the t-distribution and percentiles. It explains that the t-distribution is similar to the normal distribution but used for small sample sizes. The t-table is provided to find t-values based on degrees of freedom and percentiles. Examples are given to find t-values for different sample sizes and percentiles using the t-table. An activity sheet with problems to find t-values is also included.

Uploaded by

Cresilda Mugot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ST.

LAURENCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY


7-B Mariano Badelles St, Iligan City, Lanao del Norte

STATISTICS
AND
PROBABILITY
WEEK 8 - MODULE 2
MIDTERM

Percentiles and
T- Distribution
Reference: Division of Bataan (DepEd)

RELEASE DATE: May 15, 2021

INSTRUCTOR: PRINCESS JULS D. NUGAS


CONTACT NUMBER: 09759245505
FB: JULZ NUGAS
Percentiles and T- Distribution
The t-distribution (also called Student’s t-distribution) is a family of distributions that look
almost identical to the normal distribution curve, only a bit shorter and stouter. The t-
distribution is used instead of the normal distribution when you have small samples. The
larger the sample size, the more the t distribution looks like the normal distribution.

In fact, for sample sizes larger than 20 (e.g. more degrees of freedom), the distribution is
almost exactly like the normal distribution. The t-distribution is similar to a normal
distribution. It has a precise mathematical definition. Instead of diving into complex math,
let’s look at the useful properties of the t-distribution and why it is important in analysis of
any set of statistical quantitative data.

 Like the normal distribution, the t-distribution has a smooth shape.


 Like the normal distribution, the t-distribution is symmetric. If you think about folding it in
half at the mean, each side will be the same.
 Like a standard normal distribution (or z-distribution), the t-distribution has a mean of
zero.
 The normal distribution assumes that the population standard deviation is known. The t-
distribution does not make this assumption.
 The t-distribution is defined by the degrees of freedom. These are related to the sample
size.
 The t-distribution is most useful for small sample sizes, when the population standard
deviation is not known, or both.
 As the sample size increases, the t-distribution becomes more similar to a normal
distribution. Using the t-table, shown on the next page we can be able to identify the t value
of a certain data.

Let us be familiar first with the following words:


1. Degree of freedom - This refers to the maximum number of logically independent values
which vary in the data sample.
2. Percentile – This is a measure of position with data divided into 100 parts. Below is the t-
table which you can use to find the t-value
Illustrative example:
1. Identify the t-value whose number of samples n = 7 and has an area (𝛼) equal to 0.05.
2. Find the t-value whose degree of freedom is 20 and has 𝛼 = 0.01.
3. Identify the t-value of the following percentiles given the number of samples.
a. 95th percentile , N= 30
b. 90th percentile, N=20
Solution:
1. To identify the t-value, identify first the degree of freedom using the formula df= n-1 where
n is the sample size.
df = n-1
df = 7-1
df = 6

Locate the t-value on the t-table using the degree of freedom and the area (𝛼)

Therefore, the t-value with sample size of 7 and has 𝛼 = 0.05 is 1.943.
2. Since the degree of freedom and 𝛼 are already given locate the t-value on the t-table.

Therefore the t-value is 2.528.

3. a. The 95th percentile is the number where 95% of the values lie below it and 5% lie above
it, so you want the right-tail area to be 0.05. Move across the row, find the column for 0.05,
and then locate the t-value using n=30 or df = 29.

So therefore, the t-value of P95 with n= 30 is 1.699.


b. The 90th percentile is the number where 90% of the values lie below it and 10% lie above
it, so you want the right-tail area to be 0.01. Move across the row, find the column for 0.05,
and then locate the t-value using n=20 or df = 19.

Therefore, the t-value of 90th percentile with n= 20 is 1.328


ACTIVITY SHEET

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY WEEK 8– MODULE 2


INSTRUCTOR: PRINCESS JULS D. NUGAS

NAME:__________________________________________ DATE SUBMITTED: ________________

ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Complete the table below by identifying the degree of freedom, right-tailed
area and the t-value for each percentiles and the sample size. Show your solution.

ACTIVITY 2: Triple Matching Type


Directions: Match column A (the t-value) to Column b (the degree of freedom) and
then to column C (the percentile). Write your answers on the table below.

A B C
1. 0.277
2. 1.7349
3. 1.000
4. 1.345
5. 2.447

ACTIVITY 3: Rowena wants to test a randomly selected 20 students for her study.
Identify the t-value of the following percentiles. Show your solution.

1. 75th percentile
2. 5th percentile
3. 60th percentile
4. 40th percentile
5. 90th percentile

Note: Utilize the back page or use another sheet of paper for your answers.

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