Lesson No 2.

- Liquid Control Valve Sizing

Problem Statement
A Single ported, Globe styled Control Valve is to be sized for Liquid Propane service. The valve
plug style is cage-guided with equal percentage characteristics. The control valve is placed on
an 8” DN (ASME B36.10M) pipe that has a wall thickness of 8.18mm.

Based on ANSI/ISA S75.01.01 standards, the requirement is to check if a 2”, 3” or a 4”

control valve caters to the service & how much should the control valve % opening be
during service.

Figure 1. Control Valve Schematic

The process flow conditions are as follows,

Table 1. Input Data [1]

Parameter Value Units

Flow Rate [Q] 800 GPM
Inlet Pressure [P1] 300 psig
Outlet Pressure [P2] 275 psig
Pressure Drop [ΔPValve] 25 psi
0
Inlet Temperature [T1] 70 F
ρ1/ρ0 0.5 -
Vapour Pressure [Pv] 124.3 psia
Critical Pressure [Pc] 616.3 psia
The control valve details to be checked for are,

Table 2. Control Valve Details [1]

Control Valve Cv@100% Opening FL

2” Size 59.7 0.85

3” Size 136 0.82

4” Size 224 0.82

 SOLUTION TO PROBLEM

Based on ANSI/ISA S75.01.01 standards

TAKING INITIAL CONTROL VALVE SIZE TO BE 2”

Step 1: calculating piping Geometry factor

𝛴𝐾 𝐶𝑣 2 -0.5
FP = [1 + ( ) ]
𝑁2 𝑑 2

Where Fp = piping geometry factor

N2 = 890

Cv = valve Coefficient (GPM/√𝑝𝑠𝑖) = 59.7 at 100% opening

d = control valve size (inch) = 2

Calculating the algebraic sum of all the velocity head loss coefficient of all fittings attached to
the control valve ‘ Σk’

Σk = K1+K2+KB1-KB2

2
𝑑2
Where k1 = upstream fitting resistance Coefficient (inlet reducer) = 0.5 ∗ [1 − (𝐷12 )]

2
𝑑2
K2 = downstream fitting resistance coefficient (outlet reducer) = 1.0 ∗ [1 − (𝐷22 )]

𝑑 4
KB1 = inlet Bernoulli coefficient = [1 − (𝐷1 )]

𝑑 4
KB2 = Outlet Bernoulli coefficient = [1 − (𝐷2)]
 D1 = Pipe inlet diameter (in) = 7.981” (from 8” DN (ASME B36.10M) pipe)

D2 = Pipe outlet diameter (in) = 7.981” (from 8” DN (ASME B36.10M) pipe)

𝑑 4 2 4
KB1 = KB2 =KB = [1 − (𝐷 )] = [1 − (7.981)] = 0.99605642

From the problem statement, D1 = D2 = D = 7.981”; KB1=KB2

Therefore Σk = K1+K2+KB1-KB2
2
𝑑2
= k1+ K2 = 1.5 ∗ [1 − ( 2 )]
𝐷

From problem, D = 7.981”, d = 2”

2
22
Σk = 1.5 ∗ [1 − ( )] = 1.31752156
7.9812

Recall

𝛴𝐾 𝐶𝑣 2
FP = [1 + ( 2 ) ]-0.5
𝑁2 𝑑

Where

Σk = 1.31752156

N2 = 890

Cv = 59.7

d=2

1.31752156 59.7 2 -0.5

FP = [1 + ( ) ]
890 22

= 0.8671886
Step 2: calculating liquid pressure drop recovery factor

−0.5
𝐾1+𝐾𝐵1 𝐶𝑣 2 1
FLP = {[ ∗ ( 2) ] + }
𝑁2 𝑑 𝐹𝐿2

2 2
𝑑2 22
K1 = 0.5 ∗ [1 − ( 2
)] = 0.5 ∗ [1 − ( 2
)] = 0.43945313
𝐷1 7.981

KB1 = 0.99605642

N2 = 890

Cv = 59.7

d=2

FL = 0.85

−0.5
0.43945313+0.99609375 59.7 2 1
FLP = {[ ∗( ) ]+ }
890 22 0.852

= 0.75737956

Step 3: calculating liquid critical ratio

𝑃𝑣
F F = 0.96 – 0.28 √
𝑃𝑐

Vapour pressure Pv = 124.3 psia

Critical pressure Pc = 616.3 psia

124.3
F F = 0.96 – 0.28 √ = 0.8342530
616.3
Step 4: calculating pressure drop required for sizing

𝐹𝐿𝑃 2
ΔP chocked = ( ) ∗ (𝑃1 − (𝐹𝐹 ∗ 𝑃𝑣 ))
𝐹𝑃

FLP = 0.75737956

FP = 0.8671886

P1 = 300 psig = 314.7 psia

FF = 0.83425304

Pv = 124.3 psia

0.75736235 2
ΔP chocked = ( ) ∗ (314.7 − (0.83425304 ∗ 124.3)) = 160.948645 psi
0.86712024

Since ΔPvalue< ΔPchocked , (non-chocked flow)

Then ΔP = ΔP sizing = 25 psi

Step 5: Calculating required control valve Cv (non-chocked flow)

𝑄
Cv = 𝚫P sizing
𝑁1𝐹𝑝√( )
𝜌1/𝜌2

Where Q = 800 GPM

N1= 1

Fp = 0.8671886

ΔP sizing = 25

ρ1/ρ2 = 0.5
 800
Cv = 25 = 130.46422
1∗0.86712024∗√( )
0.5

The calculated Cv is outside the limit of the assumed Cv. So a valve with a larger size must
be chosen

CALCULATING ALL PARAMETERS FOR VALVE SIZE 3” AND 4” @100% OPEN

Valve size 2 3 4
K1 0.43917385 0.36868683 0.2803569

K2 0.87834771 0.73737367 0.5607138

KB 0.99605642 0.98003562 0.93690271

Σk 1.31752156 1.1060605 0.84107071

FP 0.8671886 0.88258128 0.9185434

FLP 0.75737956 0.73856588 0.75479101

FF 0.83425304 0.83425304 0.83425304

Δpchocked 160.948645 147.759819 142.475885

Calculated Cv 130.46422 128.188857 123.170103

Assumed Cv 59.7 136 224

For valve 3”

The calculated Cv is within the assumed Cv

Also since no information is provided to estimate Value Reynolds Number Re v, the flow
was assumed to be turbulent
For accurate prediction of Cv, the calculated Cv would be inserted into the Fp equation to
arrive at a new Cv

𝛴𝐾 𝐶𝑣 2 -0.5 1.1060605 128.188857 2 -0.5

NEW FP = [1 + ( ) ] = [1 + ( ) ] = 0.89367028
𝑁2 𝑑 2 890 32

𝑄 800
NEW Cv = 𝚫P sizing = 25 = 126.598241
𝑁1𝐹𝑝√( ) 1∗1.10778809∗√( )
𝜌1/𝜌2 0.5

Step 6: calculating the Ci/C ratio

𝐶𝑖 128.21098
= = 1.012564
𝐶 126.622553

Since the Ci/C ratio is not less than 0.99, the valve sizing is completed with a Cv = 126.6 for
a 3” valve size at 100% open.

Note:

Considering a typical valve operating controllability between 20% -80%, and also
according to rule of thumb, selected valve size should not be less than half the pipe size.

A 4” valve size would be the most appropriate with a Cv of 116.3

By

ADESANMI DAMILOLA

REFERENCES

Liquid control valve sizing methodology, Vijay Sarathy.

ISA-75.01.01-2007 (IEC 650534-2-1 Mod)

ANSI/ASME B36.10M-2015-welded-seamless-wrought-steel-pipe

www.fluidflowinfo.com

blog.craneengineering.net

support.belimo.us/product/control-valve