®

The TOEFL Test

Structure and Written Expression
(Skill 9-12)
More sentences with multiple clauses

Ahmad Ardillah Rahman

 SKILL 9: USE NOUN CLAUSE
CONNECTORS CORRECTLY

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
 Example

___ was late caused many problems.

(A) That he
(B) The driver
(C) There
(D) Because

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
The following chart lists the noun clause
connectors and the sentence patterns used
with them:

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
EXERCISE 9: Each of the following sentences contains more than
one clause. Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice.
Circle the connectors. Put boxes around the noun clauses. Then
indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
 SKILL 10: USE NOUN CLAUSE
CONNECTOR/SUBJECTS CORRECTLY

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
 Example

___ was on television made me angry.

(A) It
(B) The story
(C) What
(D) When

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
The following chart lists the noun clause
connector/subjects and the sentence patterns
used with them:

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
 EXERCISE 10:

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
SKILL 11: USE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
CONNECTORS CORRECTLY

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
 Example

The gift ___ selected for the bride was

rather expensive.
(A) because
(B) was
(C) since
(D) which we

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
The following chart lists the adjective clause
connectors and the sentence patterns used with
them:

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
EXERCISE 11: Each of the following sentences contains more than
one clause. Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice.
Circle the connectors. Put boxes around the adjective clauses.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
SKILL 12: USE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
CONNECTOR/SUBJECTS CORRECTLY

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
 Example

___ is on the table has four sections.

(A) The notebook

(B) The notebook which
(C) Because the notebook
(D) In the notebook

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
The following chart lists the adjective clause
connector/subjects and the sentence patterns used with
them:

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
EXERCISE 12: Each of the following sentences contains more than
one clause. Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice.
Circle the connectors. Put boxes around the adjective clauses.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
 EXERCISE (Skills 9-12):

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
 TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 9-12): Choose the
the best answer!

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
 TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-12)

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.