Chapter 8

QUESTION *: “Please explain what "ROGER" means and what "WILCO"means?” (20
sec)
On the screen: ROGER and WILCO

ANSWER-*: ROGER means (that) I have received all of your last transmission.

WILCO means (that )I understand your message and will comply

with it.

QUESTION *: “Please explain what "AFFIRM" means and what "CONFIRM" means?”
(20 sec)
On the screen: AFFIRM and CONFIRM

ANSWER-*: AFFIRM means positive, yes or affirmative.

CONFIRM is a question word. If you have some information but

are in doubt.

QUESTION *: “Please explain what "INCIDENT" means and what "ACCIDENT"

means?” (20 sec)
On the screen: INCIDENT and ACCIDENT

ANSWER-*: INCIDENT describes by an occurrence

other than an accident
associated with the operation of the aircraft
which affect the safety of operation.

ACCIDENT describes by an occurrence

associated with the operation of an aircraft
in which a person is seriously or fatally injured,
and the aircraft has a damage or it is lost.

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QUESTION *:(1) “Give minimum of two medical mayday situation example for both
cabin and flight crew to divert?” (20 sec)

ANSWER *:(1) Heart attack, severe allergic reaction and asthma are examples of
medical mayday situations to divert.

QUESTION *:(2) “Sağlık sebebi ile 2 tane mayday örneği ver.Semptomları neler?”

ANSWER-*: (2) First one is heart (hart)attack and its symptoms are pain on the
left side of the chest and numb feeling on the left arm,

the other one is severe allergic reaction and its symptoms are
difficult breathing(breth) and loss(los) of consciousness.

QUESTION *: “Please report one of these medical situations to ATC?” (20 sec)

ANSWER-*: Mayday mayday mayday ATC, AB12, captain is probably having a

heart attack.

Request radar vector to ILS final course for emergency landing

and request paramedic and ambulance.

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QUESTION *: Meydan kolaylıklarını anlat. Özelliklerini bildiğiniz bir meydanı. Üç pisti

var, kalabalık, ndb si var.fire truckları var.vs.(Özelliklerini bildiğiniz bir
meydanı anlatın.) (İyi bildiğiniz bir havaalanını anlatın .Yolcular ve crew
a sağladığı avantaj ve olanaklar nelerdir.)

ANSWER * : I may tell you Atatürk airport.

The airport has three runways.

Two of them aligning north and the third crosses like north
eastern.

Parking positions are available and seperated for both

international and domestic terminals.

I think that fewer parking stands will be a problem in the future.

There is also a military area with shelters and parking spaces in

within Atatürk airport border.
Navaids are ILS, VOR, TACAN and NDB.

There is a surveillance radar controlling the area.

Airline maintance and general aviation flight areas are placed

towards the northern part of the airport.

Also, there are a lot of facilities in Atatürk airport such as in

advance baggage check in, express shipping, lost and found
center, financial services, tax free shopping, post office, visitor
information center, pubs , restaurants and a police station

QUESTION 122: İyi bildiğiniz bir havaalanın yolcular ve crewe sağladığı avantajlar ve
olanaklar nelerdir? (30 sec)

ANSWER 122 : If the airport is familiar for the passengers and crew, the standard
procedures will be much easier to complete in a short time.

It will take a shorter time to prepare for the next flight.

Nobody and no luggage will be lost during the transfers.

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QUESTION *: “During a taxi you were informed that one of your passengers is
missing but his baggage is still on board. You have to turn back to gate
and you will have a delay because of this situation. Make an
announcement to passengers?” (30 sec)

ANSWER-*: Ladies and gentlemen. This is the captain speaking.

Due to a missing passenger, we have to go back to the gate and

offload that passenger’s baggage.

We apologize for the delay. Thank you for your understanding.

QUESTION * : Bir anons yap. make an announcement

ANSWER *: Ladies and gentlemen, this is the captain speaking.

Because of heavy traffic, we are expecting 20 minutes delay for

landing.

I will give you further information as soon as possible.

I apologize for the inconvenience and thank you for your

understanding.

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QUESTION 133: Atlantik üzerinde yolcu hastalandı ilk olarak ne yaparsınız mayday
örneği ver (Okyanus üzerinde uçarken seriously ill yolcu var. Ne
yaparsın. Nasıl bir anons yaparsın. ATC ye durumu rapor et.)

ANSWER 133 (1) : First, I would make an announcement for a doctor or a medical
personell on board.

If there is a doctor on board, he makes the necessary initial

treatment.

If there isn’t any doctor on board and the patient needs immediate
medical care, I should report the situation to the ATC and divert to
the nearest suitable airport and request medical assistance after
landing.

ANSWER 133 (2) : Ladies and gentlemen.

This is the captain speaking.
One of the passengers needs immediate medical assistance.
If any doctor on board, please contact with cabin crew.
Thank you

Ladies and gentlemen.

This is the captain speaking.
Due to a seriously ill passenger, we have to divert to nearest
suitable airport.
Thank you for your understanding.

ANSWER 133 (3) : PANPAN PANPAN PANPAN ATC, AB12.

We have a seriously ill passenger on board. Request divert to
nearest suitable airport and medical assistance after landing.

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QUESTIONS *: Kötü hava şartlarında uçan pilotlar nelere karşı hazırlıklı olmalıdır.

ANSWER * : First of all we should avoid penetrating the CB clouds.

If an aircraft penetrates a CB cloud, pilot should be ready for;

-severe turbulence,

-icing,

-windshear,

-loss of radio instruments,

-lightning strike or

-overstressing of aircraft and structural damage

QUESTION-136: Bir meydanda windshear var, bu durumda neler yaparsınız? (30 sec)

ANSWER-136: If I hear something about windshear on the radio, I will ask

the ATC if there is any reported windshear around the airport
especially over the take off and landing path.

If ATC confirms the precence of a windshear I will ask a different

runway if there is any in the airport.

If there is no alternative runway I will abort my departure until

the windshear passes / finishes.

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QUESTIONS 142: Havacılık ileride nasıl olacak. Future of aviation?

ANSWER 139 : I suppose there won`t be any significant change.

However flight safety, passenger’s comfort, airspace control and

airports may develop.

Maybe, in the near future we may see unmanned commercial jets .

QUESTION-148: Hava taşımacılığında teknolojik gelişmelerin ne gibi faydaları olmuştur?

(Future of the aviation) (80 sec)

ANSWER-148: The advantages of the computerized command and navigation

systems are;

The data link system prevents unnecessary radio

communication,

Development of the aircraft engine technology reduces the

amount of fuel used and reduces the fuel cost,

Navigational System Accuracy decreases the rate of

human error and makes the operations safety,

Development of the technology increases the comfort of

the passengers on board.

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QUESTION * : Kokpitte veya kabinde çıkan yangını nasıl söndürürsünüz. (How do we

extinguish (put out) fire in the cockpit?)

ANSWER * : We should use appropriate type of extinguisher.

If it’s an electrical fire we should turn off electrical devices.

If there is a fire in the cocpit, we should use BCF chemical

extinguisher.

QUESTION 137 : Which fire extinguisher not only it use on the ground but also use in the
air? (30 sec)

ANSWER 137 : There are four types of fire extinguishers used in an aircrafts as
HALON, CO2, DRY POWDER and WATER.

For aircraft, portable types can be found in the cockpit and cabin.

In the cockpit, there is halon fire extinguisher and it can be

generally used for electrical fires.

In the cabin, there are water and halon fire extinguishers.

On the ground, we can easily use portable ones around parking

gates and stands.

Fire trucks are always ready against a fire.

QUESTION 138 Yangın kategorileri nelerdir? (30 sec)

ANSWER 138 : There are four types of fire categories;

- Type A fire which is caused by inflammable and simple

materials such as paper, fabric, wood. In A type fire, water
extinguisher is used.

- Type B fire which is caused by flammable liquid and chemical

substances. In B type fire Halon fire extinguisher is used.

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- Type C fire which is caused by electrical device sor electrical

wires. In C type fire Halon or CO2 fire extinguisher is used.

- Type D fire which is caused by combusti. ble metals. In D

type fire dry powder fire extinguisher is used.

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QUESTION-141: Exterior check (harici kontrol) yaparken hangi arızalarda uçağı

almazsınız? (30 sec)

Harici kontrol yaparken NO-GO itemlar nelerdir?

ANSWER-141: The aircraft should be checked before each flight for the safety of
all passengers and crew.

When completing an exterior check of an Aircraft;

First of all, surfaces and structures must be safe, not

damaged,

Secondly, probes, vents and static ports must be clear and

not damaged,

At last, engine inlets and tailpipes should be clear,

Fluids should not be leaking,

Tires should not be worn out.

If any defect such as:

- Abnormality on flight control surfaces,

- A damage on engine fan blades,

- Damaged pitot tubes or static vents,

- Leaking fuel,

- Worn out tire.

is found,

I will not /won`t accept the aircraft for flight.

QUESTION-142: Uçak başına geldin ve uçakta arıza var ne yaparsın? (30 sec)

Uçağın NO-GO olduğunu öğrendiniz, nasıl davranırsınız ve ne

yaparsınız?

ANSWER-142: If I encounter a malfunction while standing on the ramp, I have to

check the Minumum Equipment List.

This list tell us whether flight crew can continue the flight or not.

Any malfunction has to be examined before the airplane leaves

the gate.

Otherwise the captain can not accept the aircraft for flight.

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QUESTION-143: How do you conduct preflight inspections? (Kokpitti uçuşa nasıl

hazırlasın?) (30 sec)

ANSWER-143: During the preflight inspection, the following list of Equipment

has to be checked;

Emergency equipments such as fire fighting equipment

and evacuation devices,

All circuit breakers and the aircraft systems,

I also check all the flight management computer data

systems if they are ready for the flight.

I check all the maintenance messages and data,

And finally aircraft is ready for the engine start.

QUESTION-144: Uçuştan önce bir arıza olursa nasıl hareket edersin? (30 sec)

ANSWER-144: If I encounter a malfunction before the take-off, I have to check the

Minumum Equipment List.

This list tell us whether flight crew can continue the flight or not.

Any malfunction has to be examined before the airplane takes off.

If the malfunction suggests that the flight should be aborted,

I inform ATC units about the situation.

At last I contact the company and maintenance center about

the malfunction.

QUESTION-145: Yaşayabileceğin bir arıza söyle neler olabilir veya kalkıştan sonra olan
bir arızayı anlat, ne yaparsın?

After take-off any failed please describe what action is? (30 sec)

ANSWER-145: If I encounter any malfunction after take-off,

And then continue to navigate the aircraft,

And finally communicate with ATC.

If I can`t establish any communication, I will follow the radio

failure procedures.

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For the failure systems, we can follow the Flight Manual items

And return to departure airport to avoid taking any risks.

QUESTION-146: Yangın uçuşta olursa ne yaparsın, yerde olursa ne yaparsın?

Kokpitte veya kabinde çıkan yangını nasıl söndürürsünüz, anlatın? (30

sec)

ANSWER-146: After finding the source and type of the fire,

we should use proper type of fire extinguisher.

If it’s an electrical fire we should turn off all electrical devices.

If there is a fire in the cocpit, we should use Halon type of fire

extinguisher.

If a there is a smoke we should put on masks for fresh air.

And then execute the checklist items.

At last I inform the ATC about this situation.

And divert to the nearest suitable airport.

QUESTION-147: Uçuşta yanan bir gemi görüyorsun, bulunduğun frekanstan bu durumu

ilgili radar anlat? (20 SEC)

ANSWER-147: PANPAN PANPAN PANPAN, ATC AB12,

Over Biga, Flight Level two zero zero,

a ship below us on the sea has a major fire

and a thick smoke layer is in the sky.

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QUESTION-149: Dağlık arazideki çukur pozisyonda bir meydanın ne gibi zorlukları vardır?
(High terrain area) (80 sec)

ANSWER-149: Some of the runways surrounded with high obstacles such as

mountains and high buildings.

so these runways have a potential risk.

The possible hazards are;

During takeoff, the pilot has to use lower flap position

Due to high climb gradient requirement, It is unable to

execute engine-out SID.

During landing, the aircraft needs an increased glide slope

that affects the stop distance.

And the mountains can cause windshear and severe

turbulence.

QUESTION-150: Desribe the word fatigue? (30 sec)

ANSWER-150: The fatigue is a state of physical or mental weakness

and it is important aspect for flight safety.

If somebody has a fatigue position he has to cancel flight

and he has to rest for a while.

If somebody continues flight mission at this situaition

he may not concentrate on the flight,

and he may not monitor aircraft`s position

also he may lose situational awereness

and he may not decide effectively.

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QUESTION-151: Your aircraft is on short final for Runway 09. You have been given
landing clearance, when you see an aircraft which has just landed and
that has not vacated the runway in use. What action do you take? (30
sec)

ANSWER-151: If I have been given clearance to land, I will continue my

approach.

After that, I inform the ATC about the situation.

I will listen to tower`s instructions more carefully and be ready to

go around if instructed by the ATC.

However, if there is no instruction and the landing aircraft is still

on the runway, I will go around and execute the missed approach
procedures.

At last, I will inform the ATC about this situation.

QUESTION-152: Describe some of the possible actions which ATC may take when an
airline passenger aircraft declares a low fuel emergency? (30 sec)

ANSWER-152: If there is an aircraft declaring low fuel level emergency, ATC

should take precautions for a safe landing.

First of all, ATC should give the priority for landing and
clear the landing area,

And, if applicable, ATC should give radar vectoring to the

emergency aircraft for a safe landing as soon as possible, and
should also clear the approach path.

During landing phase, there should be emergency vehicles

such as fire fighters and ambulances.

Emergency Answer for All Questions:  

I don’t have any academic information about this question,

but I can explain something about the principles of general

aviation and piloting.

I should fly the aircraft, and then continue to navigate the

, and finally communicate with ATC.

If I can't communicate, I should follow the radio failure

procedures.

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Eskilere İlaveler

3: High terrain areada kalkış ve inişte nelere dikkat edilmeli, potential riskkler nedir?
80sn

We should be careful about takeoffs and landings when on high terrains.

And there are several hazards during taking off or landing on high terrain areas.

These hazards are;

During takeoff, the pilot has to use lower flap position

Due to high climb gradient requirement, It is unable to execute engine-out SID.

During landing, the aircraft needs an increased glide slope that affects the stop
distance.

And the mountains can cause windshear and severe

turbulence.

4: “Blown-Punctured Tire” hakkında bildiklerinizi yazınız

Worn-out tire can negatively affect the braking action and directional control.

It may cause a blow-out or fire on tires.

If I encounter a blown or punctured tire situation, The major problem may be the
directional control.
It is easier to control the aircraft with a blown tire at slower speeds.

When speed increases it is harder to control the aircraft.

5: Uçuşta ikinci pilotun kafası yarılmış pilot olarak ne yaparsın, ATC’e ne dersin?

I should fly the aircraft,

And then continue to navigate the aircraft,

And finally communicate with ATC.

For an injured or incapacity pilot, I make an announcement for a doctor or a medical

personel on board.

If there is a doctor on board, he makes the necessary initial treatment.

After that I inform the ATC about this situation and divert to nearest suitable airport.

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My call for ATC will be;

MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY,ATC AB12,

Captain has a medical problem, his head is bleeding.,
Request radar vector to nearest sutiable airport for emergency landing.
After landing request paramedic and ambulance.

6: Pist içinde kalkışta CARGO DOOR OPEN ikazı geldi, ne yaparsın?

After considering speed and condition,

I would decide to abort the take-off, and retard the power levers and apply brakes
smoothly.

At the same time, I would inform the tower about this situation.

My call to tower will be;

Tower, AB32, aborted the take-off,

Due to illimunation of cargo door open light.
Request taxi back to ramp,

7: İki motor gitti,elektrik de gitti,yolcular panikte?

We should fly the aircraft,

And then continue to navigate the aircraft,

And finally communicate with ATC.

If we can`t communicate, we shoul follow the radio failure procedures.

For the failure systems, we can follow the Flight Manual items and divert to the
nearest, suitable airport.

Since both engines are inoperative, I should maintain optimum gliding speed.

My call for tover will be;

MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY,ATC AB12,

We lost all engines,
Request radar vector to the nearest sutiable airport for emergency landing.

8: Uçak kaçırıldı, teröriste nasıl davranacaksın, işlemler neler olmalı:

Firstly, I would set 7500 on transponder,

After that I would inform the ATC about this situation

And comply with the hijackers demands,

My aim would be to land safely.

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After landing I would let the security forces handle the situation.

9: Kokpitte duman var, meydana yaklaştın, meydana durumunu bildir.

First of all we have to use oxygen masks,

And than set the transponder code as 7700, and inform the ATC about this situation
for emergency descent for landing.

My call for ATC will be;

MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY, ATC, AB12,

Smoke in the cockpit.
Request radar vector to nearest sutiable airport for emergency landing.

10:What do you think about poor communication?

We have to maintain CRM in the cocpit,

So we need clear and correct communication among flight crew.

If there is a communication problem of in the cockpit, this may cause unsafe

situations to flight safety.

11: Yolculardan biri yakıt sızıntısı var ikazı yaptırdı, ne yaparsın?

Question TK-15:
You are the pilot of a twin engine airplane. While you were flying, one of the
passengers said that it looked like fuel was leaking. You checked your fuel gauge but
you could not find anything unusual. What will you do in this situation?

Firstly, I would send cabin crew personnel to check the situation,

At the same time I would check the system indications.

If I were in doubt after their report, I would send the co-pilot to check visually.

If I believed that the fuel is leaking, I would follow the checklist items,

After that I would inform the ATC about this situation for emergency descent for
landing.

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12: Kalkış rulesinde V1 süratine yaklaşıyorsun, görüş kısıtlı, co-pilot karşıdan gelen
bir ışık gördüğünü ikaz ediyor,tersten muhtemel gelen uçak var. Ne yaparsın ve kuleye
ne dersin? Question TK-15:

First of all I would check the speed and the condition,

I would decide to abort the take-off,and retard the power levers and apply brakes
smoothly.

At the same time, I would inform the tower about this situation.

My call for tover will be;

Tower, AB32, aborted take-off,

Rejected takeoff due to runway incursion,
We have visual with the opposite traffic,
Will vacate the runway immediately.

13: Uçuş esnasında aynı uçakta olan baban kalp krizi geçirdi,hemen inmek istediğin
meydanda havadurumu senin kategorinin altında, ne yaparsın.

Question TK-6:
You are the pilot of an aircraft with 80 passengers, including your parents. During the
flight, your father suffers a heart attack, so you decide to execute an emergency
landing to save his life. When you approach the runway, you find out that the ceiling is
less than 400ft, which is below the minimum for your aircraft. Meanwhile, your father’s
condition continues to deteriorate. What would you do in this situation? Provide a
sample of the message you will give to the appropriate party to communicate your
decision.

I would go around and divert to a suitable airport,

I would never violate the rules and take risk on people for my father.

(Şakirden ilaveler)

For my father I would make an announcement for a doctor or a medical personnel

on board.

If there is a doctor on board, he makes the necessary initial treatment.

I would inform the ATC about this situation and divert to the nearest airport.

My call for ATC would be;

MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY,ATC AB12,

One of the passengers needs immediate medical care,
Request radar vector to the nearest sutiable airport for emergency landing.
After landing request paramedic and ambulance.

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14: Uçakta bomba ihbarı yapıldı, ne yaparsın?

I should fly the aircraft, and then continue to navigate , and finally
communicate with ATC.

If I can't communicate, I should follow the radio failure procedures.

For bomb, I would inform the ATC about this situation and divert to the nearest
suitable airport.

My call for ATC will be;

MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY,ATC AB12,

Explosive on board,
Request radar vector to the nearest sutiable airport for emergency landing.
After landing request security forces, paramedic and ambulance.

15: Tek ana dikme içerde hareket tarzı ve emc deklere et?

I should fly the aircraft, and then continue to navigate the aircraft, and finally
communicate with ATC.

I would inform the ATC about this situation and divert to the nearest suitable airport.
I would notify the ATC and request low pass and visual inspection

If tower confirms the situation, I would try to execute the checklist items and follow
emergency procedures.

Then I would proceed to land.If not corrected, I would consider to retract the others
and carry out belly landing.

My call for ATC will be;

MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY, Tower AB12,

On long final, left main gear retracted and stuck.
Request low pass and visual inspection.
Be advised. I may carry out a belly landing if I retract landing gears
And alert fire, resque and medical services.

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16: Meydana yaklaşırken,yağmur ve düşük görüş bildirlidi,kaptan incapasite

oldu,yolculardan biri tecrübeli pilot olduğunu söyledi,ne yaparsın?

Question TK-13:
If you are the first officer of KS 505 with a captain nearing your destination, the air
traffic controller informed you that the weather at the airport was rainy with strong
winds and poor visibility. The captain decided to continue to land. During the initial
descent, the captain became incapacitated, leaving you alone at the controls.
Learning about the situation, the senior flight attendant informed you that one of your
passengers is a qualified airline pilot who is willing to help. Are you going to allow the
passenger to help you land the airplane? Provide a sample of your message and
intention to the controller. 

I should fly the aircraft, and then continue to navigate, and finally communicate with
ATC.

First of all, I would decide to go-around, and execute missed approach procedures

I would inform the ATC about this situation and divert to the nearest suitable airport.

For the captain, I would make an announcement for a doctor or a medical personnel
on board.

If there is a doctor on board, he makes the necessary initial treatment.

If the runway's meteorological conditions are OK, I would make a landing plan,

If needed, I would approve that the passenger come in the cockpit.

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