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Nama: Mesya Fauziah Class: 5F Keperawatan Nim:181030100197 Lesson 2 Miscarriage

The document discusses miscarriage, including its definition, causes, risks, and signs. Miscarriage is the spontaneous expulsion of the embryo or fetus from the uterus before 20 weeks of pregnancy. The most common cause is an inherited defect in the fetus, accounting for over 60% of miscarriages. The risk is highest in the first six weeks and estimated at 10-25% of recognized pregnancies. Bleeding is the principal sign of impending or threatened miscarriage.

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40 views4 pages

Nama: Mesya Fauziah Class: 5F Keperawatan Nim:181030100197 Lesson 2 Miscarriage

The document discusses miscarriage, including its definition, causes, risks, and signs. Miscarriage is the spontaneous expulsion of the embryo or fetus from the uterus before 20 weeks of pregnancy. The most common cause is an inherited defect in the fetus, accounting for over 60% of miscarriages. The risk is highest in the first six weeks and estimated at 10-25% of recognized pregnancies. Bleeding is the principal sign of impending or threatened miscarriage.

Uploaded by

Mesya Fauziah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Nama : Mesya Fauziah

Class : 5F Keperawatan

Nim :181030100197

LESSON 2

MISCARRIAGE

Miscarriage, also called spontaneous abortion, spontaneous expulsion of the embryo or fetus
from the uterus before the 20th week of pregnancy, prior to the conceptus having developed
sufficiently to live without maternal support. An estimated 10 to 25 percent of recognized
pregnancies are lost as a result of miscarriage, with the risk of loss being highest in the first
six weeks of pregnancy. Because many miscarriages occur prior to a woman knowing she is
pregnant, the actual prevalence of miscarriage is suspected to be higher than that reflected in
the data for clinically recognized cases.

The loss of pregnancy in the first weeks following implantation typically results in bleeding
at about the time of the next expected menstruation. This form of early miscarriage, which
accounts for the majority of miscarriages, is described as chemical pregnancy. The
consecutive loss of pregnancies, which occurs in about 1 to 2 percent of women, is known as
recurrent miscarriage.

The most common cause, accounting for more than 60 percent of miscarriages, is an inherited
defect in the fetus, which might result in a deformed or otherwise abnormal child. An
acuteinfectious disease may play a role in causing some miscarriages, particularly if it
reduces the oxygen supply to the fetus. Certain uterine tumors or other uterine abnormalities
also may induce a miscarriage. Death of the fetus stemming from external trauma or from
knotting of the umbilical cord is another cause of miscarriage. Physical traumas (such as
blows to or falls of the mother) and psychological traumas are rarely implicated in
miscarriage.

Endocrine disorders such as deficient secretion of the hormone progesterone may cause poor
development of the decidua (the mucal lining of the uterus) or an abnormally irritable uterus
and may thus sometimes result in miscarriage.

Women over age 35 tend to be at increased risk of miscarriage relative to younger women.
Risk factors include the presence of a preexisting medical condition such as thyroid disease, a
history of miscarriage, and prenatal testing such as amniocentesis. Smoking, drinking
alcohol, or taking certain drugs during pregnancy are also recognized risk factors.

The principal sign of an impending or threatened miscarriage is vaginal bleeding. Other


symptoms may include pain in the abdomen and lower back.

I. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. What is miscarriage?

Answer : Miscarriage, also called spontaneous abortion, spontaneous expulsion of the


embryo or fetus from the uterus before the 20th week of pregnancy, prior to the conceptus
having developed sufficiently to live without maternal support.

2. According to estimation, what causes miscarriage?

Answer : The most common cause, accounting for more than 60 percent of miscarriages, is
an inherited defect in the fetus, which might result in a deformed or otherwise abnormal child

3. What is the risk of miscarriage?

Answer : An estimated 10 to 25 percent of recognized pregnancies are lost as a result of


miscarriage, with the risk of loss being highest in the first six weeks of pregnancy. Because
many miscarriages occur prior to a woman knowing she is pregnant, the actual prevalence of
miscarriage is suspected to be higher than that reflected in the data for clinically recognized
cases.

4. When do miscarriages occur?

Answer : the first six weeks of pregancy

5. What is the indication of early miscarriage?

Answer : This form of early miscarriage, which accounts for the majority of miscarriages, is
described as chemical pregnancy
6. What is the recurrent miscarriage?

Answer : The consecutive loss of pregnancies, which occurs in about 1 to 2 percent of


women, is known as recurrent miscarriage.

7. What may play a role in causing some miscarriages?

Answer : An acuteinfectious disease may play a role in causing some miscarriages,


particularly if it reduces the oxygen supply to the fetus. Certain uterine tumors or other
uterine abnormalities also may induce a miscarriage. Death of the fetus stemming from
external trauma or from knotting of the umbilical cord is another cause of miscarriage.

8. What is the principal sign of impending or threatened miscarriage?

Answer : The principal sign of an impending or threatened miscarriage is vaginal bleeding.


Other symptoms may include pain in the abdomen and lower back.

II. VOCABULARY

A. EMBRYO TO BIRTH

CHOOSE AN ADJECTIVE AND A NOUN TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES


BELOW

ADJECTIVES NOUNS
amniotic, birth, breech, dilated, fallopian, baby, blood, canal, cervix, contraction, cord,
foetal, lanugo, maternal, menstrual, fluid, hair, monitoring, period, position,
multiple, premature, umbilical, uterine pregnancy, tubes

1. Fertilization takes place in the fallopian tubes

2. the foetus develops within a sac containing Amniotic Fluid

3. Oxygen and nutrient are obtained from umbilical cord

4. At sixteen weeks the foetus is covered in fine lanugo hair


5. Verniox eases the baby’s passage down the materal canal

6. Pregnancy normally lasts forty weeks from the first date of a woman’s last birth baby

7. During labour uterine contraction becomes stronger and more regular.

8. Having more than one foetus in the wombs is known as a multiple pregnancy

9. A full dilated cervis has an opening of about 10 cm

10.A foetal position is when the baby is lying head upwards before delivery

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