ECSS E ST 10C System Engineering General Requirement
ECSS E ST 10C System Engineering General Requirement
6 March 2009
Space engineering
System engineering general
requirements
ECSS Secretariat
ESA-ESTEC
Requirements & Standards Division
Noordwijk, The Netherlands
ECSS‐E‐ST‐10C
6 March 2009
Foreword
This Standard is one of the series of ECSS Standards intended to be applied together for the
management, engineering and product assurance in space projects and applications. ECSS is a
cooperative effort of the European Space Agency, national space agencies and European industry
associations for the purpose of developing and maintaining common standards. Requirements in this
Standard are defined in terms of what shall be accomplished, rather than in terms of how to organize
and perform the necessary work. This allows existing organizational structures and methods to be
applied where they are effective, and for the structures and methods to evolve as necessary without
rewriting the standards.
This Standard has been prepared by the ECSS‐E‐ST‐10C Working Group, reviewed by the ECSS
Executive Secretariat and approved by the ECSS Technical Authority.
Disclaimer
ECSS does not provide any warranty whatsoever, whether expressed, implied, or statutory, including,
but not limited to, any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or any warranty
that the contents of the item are error‐free. In no respect shall ECSS incur any liability for any
damages, including, but not limited to, direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages arising out
of, resulting from, or in any way connected to the use of this Standard, whether or not based upon
warranty, business agreement, tort, or otherwise; whether or not injury was sustained by persons or
property or otherwise; and whether or not loss was sustained from, or arose out of, the results of, the
item, or any services that may be provided by ECSS.
Published by: ESA Requirements and Standards Division
ESTEC, P.O. Box 299,
2200 AG Noordwijk
The Netherlands
Copyright: 2009 © by the European Space Agency for the members of ECSS
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Change log
ECSS‐E‐10A First issue
19 April 1996
ECSS‐E‐10 Part 1B Second issue
18 November 2004
ECSS‐E‐ST‐10C Third issue
6 March 2009
The main driver for the changes in this issue of the standard comes from the
intention to include in this document only requirements and moving to an
ECSS Handbook (ECSS‐E‐HB‐10) all the informative material related to the
process, in line with the ECSS Task Force #2 recommendations.
Consequently, the former clause 5 “System engineering process”, which
contained a thorough description of a reference space system development
process has been replaced by a brief overview of the project phases and related
system engineering tasks in the current clause 6 “Overview of system
engineering tasks per project phase”.
Former Clause 4 has now been split into an introductory clause 4 “Overview of
Systems engineering” and clause 5 “General Requirements”.
The remaining requirements have been reworded for readability and
consistency. Repetition of requirements included in other related standards
have been eliminated.
Regarding the documentation model, the only significant modification
originates in the simplification of the concept of Functional Specification and
Technical Specification, established in the previous issue of ECSS‐E‐10‐06. In
the new issue of ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐06 only one specification, the technical
requirements specification (customer specification), is considered. This is
reflected in this standard, as explained in clause 5.2.3.1
Other changes are explained below:
• Clause 2: Normative references
Extended and completed
• Clause 3: Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
Includes additional definitions and abbreviated terms. In particular
definition of the Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) has been added.
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• Clause 4: Overview of system engineering
Includes the first clause of former clause four “The system engineering
discipline”. A brief characterisation of the System engineering process has
been added to this introductory clause.
• Clause 5: General requirements
The set of requirements initially contained in clause 4 of previous issue
have been considerably restructured.
Non mandatory requirements contained in previous issue have been
eliminated, leaving only “mandatory requirements” or “shall”
requirements.
Descriptive text has been eliminated and it will be included in the System
engineering handbook (to be published).
The use of technology readiness level (TRL) is introduced in clause 5.6.7.
• Clause 6: Overview of system engineering tasks per project phase
This new issue contains high level requirements on the system engineering
tasks to be complied with for each of the project phases.
• Annex A: System engineering documents delivery per review
This annex replaces and expands old annex B. It includes the listing of the
main documents per phase of the project development indicating when the
document needs to be available.
• Annexe B to Q: Document Requirements Descriptions (DRD)
This annexes include all the project documents pertinent to this standard.
In the previous issue of the standard the DRDs were not included.
• Annex R: Mapping of typical DDP to ECSS documents
This is an addition with respect to the previous issue. It presents where
specific subjects contained in the previously used Design and
Development Plan are located in the new set of ECSS documents.
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Table of contents
1 Scope.......................................................................................................................8
5 General requirements...........................................................................................21
5.1 System engineering plan.......................................................................................... 21
5.2 Requirement engineering ......................................................................................... 21
5.2.1 General....................................................................................................... 21
5.2.2 Requirement traceability............................................................................. 22
5.2.3 Requirement engineering process.............................................................. 22
5.3 Analysis .................................................................................................................... 24
5.3.1 System analysis.......................................................................................... 24
5.3.2 System environments and design and test factors..................................... 25
5.3.3 Trade-off analyses...................................................................................... 26
5.3.4 Analysis methods, tools and models .......................................................... 26
5.4 Design and configuration.......................................................................................... 27
5.4.1 Design ........................................................................................................ 27
5.4.2 Configuration .............................................................................................. 29
5.5 Verification................................................................................................................ 29
5.5.1 General....................................................................................................... 29
5.5.2 Product verification ..................................................................................... 29
5.6 System engineering integration and control ............................................................. 30
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5.6.1 Management of system engineering activities............................................ 30
5.6.2 Planning...................................................................................................... 31
5.6.3 Engineering data ........................................................................................ 31
5.6.4 Interface control.......................................................................................... 32
5.6.5 Coordinate systems and units .................................................................... 32
5.6.6 Technical budgets and margin policy ......................................................... 32
5.6.7 Technology ................................................................................................. 32
5.6.8 Risk control................................................................................................. 33
5.6.9 Changes and nonconformances control..................................................... 33
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Annex N (normative) Requirements traceability matrix (RTM) - DRD .................83
Bibliography...........................................................................................................100
Figures
Figure 4-1: System engineering functions and boundaries .................................................... 18
Figure 4-2: System engineering functions and relationships.................................................. 19
Figure B-1 : Relationship between documents....................................................................... 42
Tables
Table A-1 : System engineering deliverable documents ........................................................ 38
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1
Scope
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NOTE 2 The requirements on the system engineering
process are gathered in this standard; specific
aspects of the SE process are further elaborated
in dedicated standards.
This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristic and constrains of a
space project in conformance with ECSS‐S‐ST‐00.
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2
Normative references
To be published.
1
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3
Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
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3.2.2 critical
characteristic of a process, process condition, parameter, requirement or item
that deserves control and special attention in order to meet the objectives (e.g.
of a mission) within given constraints
3.2.4 integration
process of physically and functionally combining lower level products
(hardware or software) to obtain a particular functional configuration
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3.2.11 technical requirement
required technical capability of the product in terms of performances, interfaces
and operations
NOTE These are requirements related to a product
and not those related to the process or
management of the project or business
agreement.
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PDR preliminary design review
PMP project management plan
PRR preliminary requirement review
PUM product user manual
QR qualification review
RAMS reliability, availability, maintainability, safety
RF radio frequency
RJF requirement justification file
ROD review of design
ROM/RAM read only memory / random access memory
RTM requirement traceability matrix
R&D research and development
SE system engineering
SEP system engineering plan
SFT system functional test
SRR system requirement review
SVT system validation test
TP technology plan
TRL technology readiness level
TS technical requirements specification
UM user manual
VCD verification control document
VP verification plan
w.r.t. with respect to
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4
Overview of system engineering
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and complementing testing evaluation and providing trade studies for
assessing effectiveness, risk, cost and planning;
• design and configuration which results in a physical architecture, and its
complete system functional, physical and software characteristics;
• verification, which objective is to demonstrate that the deliverables
conform to the specified requirements, including qualification and
acceptance;
• system engineering integration and control, which ensures the
integration of the various engineering disciplines and participants
throughout all the project phases.
Figure 4‐2 shows system engineering functions, their relationships and their
main activities during the system engineering process.
System engineering functions are applied in an iterative mode during
implementation of the system engineering process described in clause 4.2.
Within the frame of a project, the system engineering functions are
implemented by a system engineering organisation of the supplier which is in
charge of transforming the requirements of the customer into a system solution
delivered by the supplier.
NOTE With respect to the next lower level, the
supplier plays the role of the customer.
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Figure 4‐1: System engineering functions and boundaries
18
System Engineering Data Base
Technical Plans
System Engineering Tools and Models
Integration and Control
System Analysis System Analysis
P la n s a n d D a ta
System Analysis
P la n s a n d D a ta
Analysis
P la n s a n d D a ta
Requirements Functional Product Qualified product design
Verification Verification Verification
Verification
Figure 4‐2: System engineering functions and relationships
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5
General requirements
5.2.1 General
a. The system engineering organisation shall analyse the requirements for
the system issued by the customer.
NOTE This analysis enables transforming these
requirements into a system solution.
b. The system engineering organisation shall derive, generate, control and
maintain the set of requirements for the lower level elements, defining
their design and operational constraints and the parameters of
functionality, performance, and verification necessary to meet the system
requirements issued by the customer.
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c. The system engineering organisation shall ensure consistency of the
requirements at system level, at lower levels, as well as amongst levels.
d. The system engineering organisation shall ensure conformance of each
requirement with characteristics specified in ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐06 clause 8.
NOTE Main characteristics are: traceable, unique,
single, verifiable, unambiguous.
e. The system engineering organisation shall ensure that each requirement
for the lower level elements has a justification reflected in the
requirement justification file in conformance with Annex O.
NOTE This applies also to a standard as a whole.
Tailoring of a standard in a list of applicable
standards, or of a requirement in an applicable
standard, is possible where each tailoring
measure is duly justified.
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c. The system engineering organisation shall establish for its own product
and lower level ones a specification tree in conformance with Annex J.
d. In systems where the supply chain consists of at least 3 layers (including
the customer), the system engineering organisation of the highest level
supplier shall define at the beginning of a project, a set of requirements
specifications covering aspects common to more than one lower level
product.
NOTE 1 These “common” technical specifications have
been historically called support specifications
(e.g. GDIR “General Design and Interface
Requirements”, environmental, test, EMC
requirements specifications) and are separated
from other requirements specifications
addressing product specific characteristics and
functionalities.
NOTE 2 Requirements for equipment level products (or
below) can be issued in self contained
specifications.
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5.2.3.5 Requirement allocation
a. The system engineering organisation shall ensure that the system
requirements (and their verification methods) are allocated to lower
levels and included in the specifications of the related products.
5.3 Analysis
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c. The system engineering organisation shall document the functional
architecture in the design definition file (DDF) in conformance with
Annex G.
d. The system engineering organisation shall justify the functional
architecture in the DJF in conformance with Annex K.
e. The system engineering organisation shall perform a physical analysis,
produce the physical architecture and produce the product tree in
conformance with ECSS‐M‐ST‐10 Annex B.
f. The system engineering organisation shall document the physical
architecture in the DDF in conformance with Annex G.
g. The system engineering organisation shall justify the physical
architecture in the DJF in conformance with Annex K.
h. The system engineering organisation shall analyse the performances of
the system, including end‐to‐end evaluation, documenting the results of
the analysis in the Design Justification File in conformance with Annex K.
i. The system engineering organisation shall analyse influence of mission,
design, development, operations and constraints on cost and schedule as
input to the project cost and schedule consolidation and to the utilisation
recurring cost (design to cost).
j. The system engineering organisation shall ensure that any analysis is
documented in an analysis report, in conformance with Annex Q.
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e. The system engineering organisation shall ensure that analysis tools are
capable of transferring models and data for multi‐disciplinary analysis.
NOTE 1 Details on product data exchange and system
modelling and simulation are provided in
ECSS‐E‐TM‐10‐20 and ECSS‐E‐TM‐10‐21.
NOTE 2 Exchange can be either direct or via interfaces.
f. The system engineering organisation shall ensure that models produced
by analysis tools are validated based on documented procedures and
results.
g. The system engineering organisation shall ensure that modelling and test
accuracy as well as limitations are considered (as part of Annex K) when
establishing the performances and specifying environmental conditions
for product verification.
h. The system engineering organisation shall ensure that models are kept
operational for the lifetime of the product.
5.4.1 Design
5.4.1.1 General
a. The system engineering organisation shall establish a design of the
system from its functional architecture, requirement allocation, and
technology selection.
NOTE This includes definition of the interfaces and
corresponding ICDs.
b. The system engineering organisation shall ensure that the design
addresses system aspects, covering its whole lifecycle, producing the
physical architecture documented in conformance with Annex G and the
product tree in conformance with ECSS‐M‐ST‐10 Annex B.
c. The system engineering organization shall take into account the outcome
of the design and verification activities of the lower level products.
d. The system engineering organisation shall ensure that the design covers
hardware, software, and man in the loop.
e. The system engineering organisation shall ensure that the design is
supported by analyses consistent with the level of maturity of the design.
f. The system engineering organisation shall ensure that all interface points
with the production organisation are duly supported by communication,
cooperation and provision of inputs between the two organizations.
NOTE This relates to integration procedures and
production master file.
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5.4.1.2 Budgets
a. The system engineering organisation shall define and maintain all
technical budgets of the system in conformance with Annex I in terms of
target, current status and their trends.
b. The system engineering organisation shall apportion and control budget
requirements to all levels of system decomposition.
c. The system engineering organisation shall apply the margin policy as
defined in the SEP.
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5.4.2 Configuration
5.5 Verification
5.5.1 General
a. The system engineering organisation shall implement the product
verification according to ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐02.
NOTE By implementing the product verification as
per ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐02 the system engineering
organisation defines the Verification Plan, as
specified in ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐02 Annex A.
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b. The system engineering organisation shall assign the product to a
verification product category, as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐02 Table 5‐1.
c. The system engineering organisation shall specify the configuration and
environment conditions for product verification and the criteria for its
qualification and acceptance.
d. The system engineering organisation shall confirm that all product
verification objectives are achieved by analysing the results of the
verification activities.
NOTE This includes analysis of Verification Control
Document and its closeout documents, as
defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐02 Annex B.
e. The system engineering organisation shall ensure that validation of
systems with man‐in‐the‐loop takes into account the man related
limitations.
f. The system engineering organisation shall ensure that the verification
covers the complete product including hardware, software, man in the
loop, operations and representative mission scenarios (including pre‐
launch, launch and early orbit, in‐orbit, post‐landing, or other mission
scenario).
NOTE 1 The testing performed during and at the end of
the integration of a system is defined as System
Functional Test (SFT).
NOTE 2 For system composed of different segments
(e.g. space segment, ground segment), the
testing performed to ensure operability and
functionality of the complete system is defined
as System Validation Test (SVT).
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product assurance, of production, and of operations and ILS relevant for
the achievement of its objectives.
NOTE Examples of such activities are:
• Engineering disciplines: mechanical and
thermal;
• PA: FMECA and RAMS;
• Production: producibility;
• ILS: operability, maintainability.
d. The system engineering organization shall make engineering decisions
with the support and implementation of:
1. studies, trade‐offs and analyses,
2. models, simulators, breadboards,
3. development activities,
4. technical optimisation efforts.
e. The system engineering organization shall ensure the availability of
product and process data which enables the complete system to be
produced, tested, delivered, operated, maintained, and properly
disposed of.
f. The system engineering organisation shall establish a working link to the
project configuration control to ensure that all binding changes resulting
from engineering changes, dispositions and decisions are correctly
picked‐ up and processed.
g. The system engineering organization shall ensure that the experience
gained in past and in parallel activities is systematically considered.
5.6.2 Planning
a. The system engineering organization shall ensure that the SEP is in
agreement with the project schedule.
NOTE Details on the project schedule content are
provided in ECSS‐M‐ST‐60, in particular the
DRD Annex B.
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5.6.7 Technology
a. The system engineering organization shall identify candidate
technologies, and document them in the Technology Matrix in
conformance with Annex F.
b. The system engineering organization shall ensure that the technologies
proposed are assessed and confirmed in terms of availability and
maturity (according to TRL levels defined in 3.2.12), and documented in
the Technology Plan in conformance with Annex E.
c. The system engineering organization shall demonstrate supportability
and feasibility within the defined industrial organization’s cost and
schedule constraints.
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6
Overview of system engineering tasks per
project phase
6.1 Overview
The allocation of specific system engineering requirements per phase depends
strongly on the type of business agreement established between Customer and
Supplier and the nature and level of complexity of the system subject of the
agreement. The breakdown and the details of the tasks are defined in the
business agreement specific documents.
NOTE Some projects define them in a Statement of
work (SoW).
The actors in the customer‐supplier relationship change between phases and
across levels. In the following clauses each system engineering organisation is
meant to be the supplier’s system engineering organisation during that phase.
6.2 General
a. The system engineering organisation shall plan its activities in
conformance with the project phases as defined by management.
NOTE The phases or combination thereof to be
implemented for a project are specified in the
business agreement.
b. The system engineering organisation shall plan the system engineering
activities for the considered project phases in accordance with ECSS‐M‐
ST‐10.
NOTE This includes contribution to the associated
reviews.
c. The system engineering organization shall monitor the execution of all
system engineering activities including lower levels.
NOTE For details regarding system engineering
activities, see ECSS‐E‐HB‐10.
d. The system engineering organisation shall identify the critical elements.
e. The system engineering organisation shall ensure that for critical
elements which are not at the next lower level, the technical requirements
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specification, the design definition file and the design justification file are
available early in the project to control the project risk.
NOTE Information regarding the expected delivery of
system engineering documents for each project
review is provided in Annex A.
The documents to be approved by the customer
as well as the time of their approval are listed in
the business agreement.
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Annex A (informative)
System engineering documents delivery
per review
Scope of the Table A‐1 is to present relation of documents associated to
engineering activities to support project review objectives as specified in ECSS‐
M‐ST‐10.
NOTE This table constitutes a first indication for the
data package content at various reviews. The
full content of such data package is established
as part of the business agreement, which also
defines the delivery of the document between
reviews.
The table lists the documents generated by the engineering organization
necessary for the project reviews (identified by “+”), except for verification
documents, which are identified in Table G‐1 of ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐02.
The various crosses in a row indicate the increased levels of maturity
progressively expected versus reviews. The last cross in a row indicates that at
that review the document is expected to be completed and finalized.
For the SEP, DDF and DJF, the elements of these documents which are not
identified by a “+” in the table are not expected to be delivered for the quoted
review.
NOTE All documents, even when not marked as
deliverables in Table A‐1, are expected to be
available and maintained under configuration
management as per ECSS‐M‐ST‐40 (e.g. to
allow for backtracking in case of changes).
Documents listed in Table A‐1 are either ECSS‐E‐ST‐10 DRDs, or DRDs to other
ECSS‐E‐XX, ECSS‐M‐XX, or ECSS‐Q‐XX standards, or defined within the
referenced DRDs.
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Table A‐1: System engineering deliverable documents
Phase 0 Phase A Phase B Phase C Phase D Phase E Phase F
Document title ECSS document DRD ref.
MDR PRR SRR PDR CDR QR AR ORR FRR LRR CRR ELR MCR
Mission description
document
ECSS‐E‐ST‐10 Annex B + +
Specifications
Preliminary technical
requirements ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐06 Annex A + +
specification
Technical requirements
specification
ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐06 Annex A +
Interface requirements
document
ECSS‐E‐ST‐10 Annex M + + +
System engineering plan ECSS‐E‐ST‐10 Annex D + + + + + + +
Other related plans
(as called in ECSS‐E‐ST‐ + + + + + +
10 Annex D)
Coordinate system
document
ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐09 Annex A + + + + +
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Correlation report + +
GSE specifications + + + +
GSE Data packages + + +
Other documents
Note (1) : Document limited to the verification matrix
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Annex B (normative)
Mission description document (MDD) –
DRD
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Figure B‐1: Relationship between documents
<1> Introduction
a. The MDD shall contain a description of the purpose, objective, content and
the reason prompting its preparation (e.g. logic, organization, process or
procedure).
<2> Applicable and reference documents
a. The MDD shall list the applicable and reference documents in support to
the generation of the document, and include, as a minimum, the current
preliminary technical requirements specification.
<3> Preliminary technical requirements specification
summary
a. The MDD shall provide a summary of the preliminary technical
requirements specification objectives and list the design driving
requirements, derived from the current initial specification.
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<4> Concept description
a. The MDD shall provide:
1. Overview of the concept
2. Mission analysis
3. System description, element by element
NOTE For example: For a spacecraft, its ground control
segment, and a user segment, e.g.
Space Segment
• Payload
• Platform
• Launch Vehicle
• Orbit related aspects
• On‐Board Data Handling
• Reference Operation Scenarios / Observation
characteristics
• Operability / Autonomy Requirements
Ground Segment
• Functional Requirements and Major Elements
• Monitoring and Control Segment
• Data Processing Segment
User segment
• Functional Requirements and Major Elements
• Monitoring requirements
b. Description of how the system works in each mission phase
1. Performance drivers
2. Constraints
3. Main events
4. Operations scenarios
NOTE For example: For a spacecraft, the following
phase:
• Launch preparation
• Launch and Early Orbit Phase
• In Orbit Commissioning
• Nominal Operations
• Spacecraft Disposal
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<5> Assessment of the performance
a. The MDD shall provide the
1. assessment against the current preliminary technical requirements
specification requirements, and
2. identification of non‐compliances, and their impact on the current
preliminary technical requirements specification.
<6> Identification of risk areas
a. The MDD shall provide the list of identified risk related to the concept,
including as a minimum technology, contingencies handling, and
programmatic aspects.
<7> Conclusion
a. The MDD shall summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the concept.
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Annex C (normative)
System concept report – DRD
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Annex D (normative)
System engineering plan (SEP) – DRD
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<1> Introduction
a. The SEP shall contain a description of the purpose, objective, content and
the reason prompting its preparation (e.g. programme or project reference
and phase).
<2> Applicable and reference documents
a. The SEP shall list the applicable and reference documents in support to the
generation of the document.
b. The SEP shall include the references to the following applicable
documents:
1. Business agreement
2. Project management plan, as defined in ECSS‐M‐ST‐10 Annex A
3. Product assurance plan, as defined in ECSS‐Q‐ST‐10 Annex A
4. Configuration management plan, as defined in ECSS‐M‐ST‐40
Annex A
5. Production plan
6. Mission operations plan, as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐70 Annex G
7. ILS plan.
<3> Project overview
<3.1> Project objectives and constraints
a. The SEP shall contain the following description of:
1. The project objective and the main elements that characterize the
user’s need.
2. The objective of the system or product as established by the TS (as
defined in the ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐06 Annex A).
3. The main elements of the system architecture (i.e. first level elements
of the architecture adopted for the system and identification of their
reuse constraints).
4. The principal characteristics of the project lifecycle and the
incremental development of the system (e.g. successive versions,
progressive implementation of system functions).
5. The main elements supporting the project lifecycle (e.g. ground
support equipments, and facilities).
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6. The organizational constraints impacting system engineering
activities (e.g. the external and internal industrial organization (e.g.
contractors, partners, suppliers, own company) constraints).
7. The list of the critical issues identified at the beginning of the project
phase(s).
8. The list of national and international regulations.
9. The capacity for verification and validation of the product, taking
into account the means available, e.g. for tests, analysis, or
simulation.
<3.2> Product evolution logic
a. The SEP shall detail the incremental development of the system:
1. progressive implementation of system functionalities,
2. identification of possible successive versions,
3. objectives and strategy for the implementation of the successive
versions.
<3.3> Project phase(s), reviews and planning
a. The SEP shall provide an implementation and schedule of the system
engineering activities and identify for the considered phase(s), as a
minimum:
1. the main project milestones driving the system engineering process,
2. the phase(s) of the project lifecycle and the main reviews in
accordance to project management plan.
b. The SEP shall provide dates of milestones or the duration of phases and
the critical path according to the project master schedule.
<3.4> Procurement approach
a. The SEP shall describe the strategy for acquisition of the items of the
system or products defined in the product tree (e.g. make or buy, product
line, incremental development).
<3.5> Initial critical issues
a. The SEP shall list the critical issues identified at the beginning of the
project phase(s) covered in the SEP (e.g. any specific issues, problems,
critical subjects, which require dedicated attention, investigation, action
and planning).
<4> System design approach
<4.1> System engineering inputs
a. The SEP shall list the driving inputs for the system engineering activities
described and defined by the:
1. business agreement,
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2. outputs from previous phase(s) or expected under the heading of
activities which are not controlled within the context of this SEP (e.g.
data provided by the customer, data coming from other projects,
upstream or predevelopment studies, product lines),
3. project management plan, product assurance plan, risk management
plan, and configuration and documentation management plans.
b. The SEP shall list the external means and facilities (e.g. equipment,
software, and premises) made available by the customer or by any other
entity external to the organization that is responsible of this SEP, and, for
each identified mean or facility, identify the applicable interface
requirements (e.g. interface control documentation) as well as the authority
in charge of it.
c. The SEP shall list the internal means and facilities (e.g. equipment,
software, and premises) made available by the organization in charge of
the development of the system or product.
d. The SEP shall contain the Coordinate System Document (as defined in
ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐09 Annex A).
e. The SEP shall define the units system to be used in the project.
<4.2> System engineering outputs
a. The SEP shall list the specified system engineering outputs as defined in
ECSS‐E‐ST‐10 clause 6 for the specific project phase(s) covered in the SEP.
NOTE An overview of document delivery is given in
Annex A.
b. The SEP shall describe the following:
1. The strategy for the system engineering activities in line with the
guidelines addressed by the management plan. In particular,
identifying intermediate technical events for each phase in
compliance with the master program schedule.
2. The system design activities, with their objectives and major outputs
according to the phase.
3. The major engineering activities for each intermediate technical
events, showing their mutual interactions and their relationships
with the principal milestones (i.e. internal or contractual) of the
project.
4. The model philosophy (as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐02 clause 4.2.5)
in terms of number and characterization of models, from system to
the requested lower level, necessary to achieve a high confidence in
the product verification.
5. The margin policy according to project phase, product category and
maturity level.
c. The SEP shall also describe
1. the method(s) and process(es) considered for the engineering
activities (e.g. concurrent engineering, value analysis, or iteration
cycle),
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2. the interrelation between the different engineering disciplines and
other project activities (e.g. production, quality assurance, and
operations and logistics),
3. the interaction with other actors (e.g. customer and suppliers),
4. the consistency and coherency of simultaneous activities (e.g.
performed in parallel),
5. which and how, control activities are implemented,
6. Assessment of potential COTS usage
d. In the case of a system incremental evolution, the SEP shall describe the
design strategy for the:
1. development of the initial release of the product,
2. development, the verification of subsequent releases and their
deployment,
3. introduction of new technologies,
4. tools and methods used for analysis,
5. control of the evolutions for each release.
<4.3> System engineering team responsibilities and organization
a. The SEP shall contain the following:
1. Definition of the entities participating in the system engineering
activities and the corresponding functions according to the project
management plan.
2. Identification of key engineering roles and responsibilities (e.g.
system engineers, disciplines engineers, and technical managers).
3. Description of the co‐operative work amongst the different teams
participating in the system design.
<4.4> System engineering interfaces
a. The SEP shall describe the external and internal interfaces in line with the
project management plan.
<5> Implementation and related plans
<5.1> System engineering tasks description
<5.1.1> System engineering process description
a. The SEP shall describe the system engineering process tailored to the
specifics of the considered project, and identify all the system engineering
tasks to be implemented from the starting conditions (e.g. kick‐off) to the
closing event (e.g. review), their relationship, and their interfaces with
other actors of the project, and identify and describe any existing iteration
within the process.
NOTE Details are provided in ECSS‐E‐HB‐10 “System
engineering guidelines”.
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b. For each task, the input information and their origin, the document(s)
delivered (i.e. expected output) and their destination, the system
engineering function(s) performed and the contribution of other actors
shall be identified.
NOTE Details are provided in ECSS‐E‐HB‐10 “System
engineering guidelines”.
<5.1.2> Engineering disciplines integration
a. The SEP shall address the following activities that concern the different
engineering disciplines, recalling the relevant applicable standards and
ancillary dedicated plans that are considered integral part of this SEP.
b. The SEP shall define the process and control to be put in place to meet
requirements for the thermal, structures, mechanisms, environmental
control and life support, propulsion, pyrotechnics, mechanical parts, and
materials functions and interfaces.
NOTE These requirements refer to Mechanical
engineering as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐3x series of
standards.
c. The SEP shall define the process and control to be put in place to meet
requirements for electrical and electronic engineering, covering all
electrical and electronic aspects of the relevant space product, including
functions such as power generation, storage, conversion and distribution,
and optical, avionics and microwave domains, electromagnetic
compatibility, and electrical interfaces.
NOTE These requirements refer to Electrical and
electronic engineering as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐20.
d. The SEP shall define process and control to be put in place to meet
requirements for software engineering, covering, amongst others, flight
and ground software, checkout software and simulation software.
NOTE These requirements refer to Software engineering
as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐40.
e. The SEP shall define process and control to be put in place to meet
requirements for communication engineering, covering, amongst others,
spacecraft‐to‐ground, spacecraft‐to‐spacecraft, ground‐to‐ground and on‐
board communications links.
NOTE 1 These requirements refer for Communications
engineering as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐50.
NOTE 2 It includes aspects such link budgets, data
management, RF, audio and video
communications and protocols.
f. The SEP shall define process and control to be put in place to meet
requirements for control engineering, covering, amongst others, AOCS,
robotics, rendez‐vous and docking.
NOTE These requirements refer to Control engineering
as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐60.
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g. The SEP shall define the process and control to be put in place to meet
requirements specifying natural environment for all space regimes (e.g.
debris regulations, or planetary contamination protection) and general
models and rules for determining the local induced environment
NOTE These requirements refer to Space environment
as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐04.
h. The SEP shall define the process and control to be put in place to meet
requirements for the approach, methods, procedures, organization and
resources to be implemented to ensure proper technical interfaces between
system engineering and production.
i. The SEP shall define the process and control to be put in place to meet
requirements of operations of the space segment, covering, amongst
others:
1. mission operation definition and preparation,
2. mission and trajectory analysis, and
3. operability analysis (e.g. autonomy, operational scenario, nominal
and non‐nominal modes, failure detection isolation and recovery).
NOTE These requirements refer to Operations
engineering as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐70.
j. The SEP shall define the process and control to be put in place to meet
requirements for ground and in‐orbit logistics and maintenance,
addressing, amongst others, technical activities, related engineering
standards, methods and analyses to be performed to ensure that the
development of space systems (i.e. manned and unmanned) properly takes
into account and integrates the supportability and support aspects for the
whole life cycle.
k. The SEP shall define the process and control to be put in place to meet
requirements for human activities and environments associated with space
systems.
NOTE These requirements refer to Human factors
engineering as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐11.
l. The SEP shall define process and control to be put in place to meet
requirements for implementation of design selections relating to humans
for any item with associated human interface, including computer based
system and equipment.
<5.1.3> Work package
a. The SEP shall define and describe the work package(s) for the relevant
engineering tasks, which are maintained in the work breakdown structure.
<5.2> Related plans
a. When the SEP includes sub‐plans covering parts of system engineering
activities, these sub‐plans shall be annexed to the SEP.
b. The system engineering organization shall identify in the SEP the other
plans relevant to its activity belonging to the following categories:
NOTE Some of these plans can be integrated in the SEP
in the early phases of a project.
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1. Programmatic plans
NOTE Examples of programmatic plans are: the SEP
plans of sub‐products constituting the system or
product, Industrial procurement plan, risk
management plan, off‐the‐shelf plan (see ECSS‐
Q‐ST‐20‐10).
2. Verification plans
NOTE 1 Examples of verification plans are: verification
plan (VP), AIT plan, AIV plan and technology
plan, system calibration plan, Security Aspects
Verification Plan. Some of those DRDs are
defined in this document, in ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐02 or
ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐03.
NOTE 2 VP and AIT plans can be integral parts of the
SEP, or rolled out separately (without overlap),
or combined as the AIV Plan which can also be
rolled out separately. However, the existence of
the AIV Plan excludes independent VP and AIT
plans
3. Engineering discipline plans
NOTE Examples of engineering discipline plans are:
Fracture Control Plan (see ECSS‐E‐ST‐32), Micro‐
gravity Control Plan, Electro‐Magnetic
Compatibility Plan (see ECSS‐E‐ST‐20), Audible
Noise Control Plan, Radio Frequency Plan,
Alignment Requirements and Control Plan,
System Performance Simulations Plan, Software
Development Plan, Orbital Debris Mitigation
Plan and Disposal Plan (as defined in ISO 24113),
Planetary protection Plan, Cleanliness and
Contamination Control Plan.
4. Operations plans
NOTE Examples of operation plans are: launch site
operations and logistics plan, system
commissioning and operation support plan,
c. The SEP shall describe the constraints and the interactions impacting the
system engineering activities derived from the analysis of the plans
identified as relevant in D.2.1<5.2>b.
<5.3> System engineering methods, tools and models
a. The SEP shall list and briefly describe the methods, tools, and data models
that the system engineering team uses in performing their tasks.
b. In relation to requirements traceability and demonstration of verification
(compliance with requirements, VCD), the specific methods and tools shall
be described (including interfaces to next lower level suppliers), and reuse
of elements (e.g. COTS) identified.
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<5.4> Critical issues
a. The SEP shall describe any specific issues, problems requiring dedicated
attention, investigations or actions during the current phase and identify
risks, and risk mitigation measures.
<6> System engineering for the following phase(s)
a. The SEP shall introduce the system engineering activities, to be conducted
during subsequent phase(s) of the project, and as a minimum, list any
identified critical issue and risk to be mitigated during the subsequent
phase(s).
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Annex E (normative)
Technology plan (TP) – DRD
<1> Introduction
a. The TP shall contain a description of the purpose, objective, content and
the reason prompting its preparation (e.g. programme or project reference
and phase).
<2> Applicable and reference documents
a. The TP shall list the applicable and reference documents in support to the
generation of the document and include the reference to the following
applicable documents:
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1. SEP
2. Technology matrix (as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐10, Annex F)
3. Function tree
4. Specification tree.
<3> Project overview
a. The TP shall contain a summary of the main aspects of:
1. project objectives and constraints (i.e. section <3.1> of ECSS‐E‐ST‐10,
Annex D ʺSEP DRDʺ);
2. product evolution logic (i.e. section <<3.2> of ECSS‐E‐ST‐10, Annex D
ʺSEP DRDʺ);
3. project phase(s), reviews and planning (i.e. section <3.3> of ECSS‐E‐
ST‐10, Annex D ʺSEP DRDʺ),
4. Procurement approach (i.e. section <3.4> of ECSS‐E‐ST‐10, Annex D
ʺSEP DRDʺ)
<4> Tasks description
<4.1> TP expected outputs
a. The TP expected output shall be an answer concerning the possibility for
using the identified or needed technology to perform a function.
<4.2> TP inputs
a. For each system function, the TP input shall be:
1. technical requirements,
2. the selected technology or technological element and its TRL,
3. the list of the identified project risks and critical aspects, and
4. the schedule for Engineering activities.
<4.3> TP tasks
a. The TP shall establish and describe the necessary activities to complete the
acquisition of each technology or technological element, including
verification strategies and methods, and the link to product assurance
aspects.
b. The TP shall define the model philosophy for each technology or
technological element, based on an assessment on the maturity status and
on the criticality of the technology with respect to functionsʹ requirements.
c. The TP shall describe the technology development activities, their required
or possible interrelations and timings, as necessary for the satisfactory
acquisition of the technologies and procurement of the technological
elements.
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d. The TP shall identify technical milestones, showing their interactions and
relationships with the SEP milestones.
<4.4> Responsibilities and organization
a. The TP shall contain the following:
1. definition of the entities participating in the engineering activities
and the corresponding functions according to the SEP;
2. identification of key engineering roles and responsibilities for each
technology or technological element.
<4.5> TP interfaces
a. The TP shall describe the external and internal interfaces in conformance to
the SEP.
<5> Critical issues
a. The TP shall describe, for any identified technology risk and related critical
aspects for the project, the specific actions taken for risk mitigation based
on identified technology readiness level (TRL).
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Annex F (normative)
Technology matrix - DRD
<1> Introduction
a. The technology matrix shall contain a description of the purpose, objective,
content and the reason prompting its preparation.
<2> Applicable and reference documents
a. The technology matrix shall list the applicable and reference documents in
support to the generation of the document and include the reference to the
following applicable documents:
1. Specification tree
2. Preliminary technical requirements specifications
3. Function tree.
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<3> List of technical requirements/functions
a. The technology matrix shall list the system technical
requirements/functions as defined in the functional architecture and its
corresponding function tree, and their associated preliminary TS.
<4> List of potential technologies for each technical
requirement/function
a. The technology matrix shall list the system technical
requirements/functions and for each, a potential technology or
technological element.
NOTE Sources to identify potential technologies are
technology watch, corporate technology plan, or
research and development programme.
b. For each technology or technological element, the following information
shall be listed:
1. index of technology readiness and maturity as defined in proposed
table in definition 3.2.12 “technology readiness level”;
2. proof of companyʹs maturity concerning the knowledge and
mastership of the technology, including a description of the
necessary technology acquisition activities;
3. identification of potential risks, e.g. technology availability,
programmatic and financial aspects.
<5> Ranking of the potential technologies for each function
a. The technology matrix shall propose a ranking of the potential technology
or technological element for each system requirement/ function.
<6> Conclusion
a. The technology matrix shall provide, for each system
requirement/function, the selected technology or technological element, a
list of the identified project risks and critical aspects, and an identified
back‐up technological solution.
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Annex G (normative)
Design definition file (DDF) - DRD
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<1> Introduction
a. The DDF shall contain a description of the purpose, objective and the
reason prompting its preparation (e.g. programme or project reference and
phase).
<2> Applicable and reference documents
a. The DDF shall contain the list of applicable and reference documents, used
in support to the generation of the document.
b. The DDF shall include the reference to the following applicable
documents:
1. Business agreement
2. System engineering plan (as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐10 Annex D)
3. Coordinate system document (as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐09
Annex A)
4. Technical requirements specification (TS)
5. Product assurance plan
6. Configuration management plan (as defined in ECSS‐M‐ST‐40)
7. Configuration status report (as defined in ECSS‐M‐ST‐40).
c. The DDF shall refer to DDFs of next higher and lower level products.
<3> Summary of the project and technical requirements
a. The DDF shall contain a brief description of the product and of the main
technical requirements throughout its life cycle phases (e.g. launch,
deployed, operations, end‐of‐life).
b. The DDF shall contain the description of the system or product design
documentation, based on the product tree (as defined in ECSS‐M‐ST‐10)
and also include, or refer to, the specifications tree (as defined in ECSS‐E‐
ST‐10 Annex J).
c. The DDF of a system shall contain at least the technical requirements
specifications of the elements in which the system is broken down
<4> Functional description
<4.1> Functional architecture
a. The DDF shall contain the description of the functional architecture of the
system or product i.e. the arrangement of functions, their sub‐functions
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and interfaces (internal and external), and the performance requirements to
satisfy the requirements of the TS.
b. The DDF shall present the data and their flow interchanged between the
different functions, the conditions for control, and the execution
sequencing for the different operational modes and states.
NOTE The Functional Architecture is an output of the
functional analysis process (as defined in ECSS‐
E‐ST‐10 clause 5.3.1a)
<4.2> Function tree
a. The DDF shall contain or refer to the system or product function tree, the
latter conforming to ECSS‐E‐ST‐10 Annex H.
<4.3> Description of functional chains
a. The DDF shall describe the functional chains that contribute to the
realization of the functional requirements of the TS and their contributing
functions, consider the different operational modes and states, and indicate
the selected physical implementation for each of the functions.
<5> Physical description
<5.1> Physical architecture
a. The DDF shall contain the description of physical architecture of the
system or product i.e. the arrangement of elements, their decomposition,
interfaces (internal and external), and physical constraints, which form the
basis of a system or product design to satisfy the functional architecture
and the technical requirements.
NOTE The Physical Architecture is an output of the
preliminary design definition activities (as
defined in clause 5.3.1f).
<5.2> Product tree
a. The DDF shall contain or refer to the product tree of the system or product,
as defined in ECSS‐M‐ST‐10 Annex B.
NOTE The Product Tree is a breakdown of the Physical
Architecture.
<5.3> Specification tree
a. The DDF shall contain or refer to the specification tree of the system or
product, the latter conforming to Annex J.
<5.4> Description of elements of the physical architecture
a. The DDF shall provide
1. the nomenclature of the system or product,
2. the overall system or product drawings,
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3. for each element of the system, the description of the different
constituents of the physical architecture,
4. the characteristics of the respective elements,
5. their configuration management identifier (e.g. hardware part
number, software version number, drawings number, electrical
schematics numbers).
b. The DDF shall reference any documentation containing detailed technical
descriptions and associated matrices to ensure overall consistency and
completeness.
<5.5> Description of interfaces
a. The DDF shall describe the physical and functional characteristics of the
internal and external interfaces of the system and refer to the relevant IRD
and ICD, respectively conforming to Annex M and ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐24.
<6> System technical budget, margins and deviations
a. The DDF shall present the budget allocation of the technical parameters of
the system and provide the actual status of the system margins, and
deviations.
b. The DDF shall contain or refer to the system or product technical budget,
the latter conforming to Annex I.
<7> System design constraints
<7.1> Constraints for production
a. The DDF shall present the constraints induced by the system or product
design definition on the production activities e.g. operational allowable
envelopes, restrictions on assembling sequences, procedures and testing
modes, exclusion zones, manufacturing environmental conditions, and
conditions for procurement.
<7.2> Constraints for operation
a. The DDF shall present the constraints induced by the system or product
design definition on the implementation of the operations e.g. operational
allowable envelopes, restrictions on operating modes, and exclusion zones.
<7.3> Constraints for transportation and storage
a. The DDF shall present the constraints induced by the system or product
design definition on the transportation activities and during the periods of
storage of the product e.g. allowable envelopes, restrictions on
transportation and storage, exclusion zones, packaging, shock levels,
temperature environments, humidity, cleanliness, regulations, and
dangerous materials.
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<7.4> Constraints for maintainability
a. The DDF shall present the constraints induced by the system or product
design definition on the maintenance activities and procedures e.g.
operational allowable envelopes, accessibility, tooling, support materials,
parts availability, and deliveries.
<8> Engineering database
a. The DDF shall contain the information on the system or product
engineering database that contains the complete set of design parameters,
or a reference to it.
NOTE Information about the set of design parameters is
provided in ECSS‐E‐TM‐10‐10.
<9> Conclusion
a. The DDF shall list and summarize all deviations of the design with respect
to the technical specifications and constraints induced by the system or
product design definition.
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Annex H (normative)
Function tree - DRD
<1> Introduction
a. The function tree document shall contain a description of the purpose,
objective and the reason prompting its preparation.
<2> Applicable and reference documents
a. The function tree document shall contain the list of applicable and
reference documents, used in support to the generation of the document.
<3> Project summary and user’s need presentation
a. The function tree document shall contain a brief description of the project
and of the key user’s needs.
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<4> Tree structure
a. The function tree document shall provide the complete list of functions
that the system or product shall perform, and contain a graphical
representation where the main specified function(s) (i.e. at the top level of
the tree) is/are decomposed into lower level functions.
b. When recurrent products from previous space projects are used, the
product’s functions shall be identified in the tree structure, and addition,
every necessary function by the system or product that is not under the
supplier’s responsibility identified in the tree structure.
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Annex I (normative)
Technical budget - DRD
<1> Introduction
a. The technical budget shall contain a description of the purpose, objective,
content and the reason prompting its preparation.
<2> Applicable and reference documents
a. The technical budget shall list the applicable and reference documents in
support to the generation of the document.
<3> List of selected key engineering parameters
a. The technical budget shall:
1. list the selected key engineering parameters (those specified by the
customer and those selected by the supplier),
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NOTE Examples of key engineering parameters are
mass, communication links, power, and on‐board
computer memory capacity.
2. present the reason for their selection,
3. identify for each key engineering parameters the stages of maturity
of the design.
4. present the related margin policy for these parameters.
<4> Assessment of key engineering parameters
a. For each key engineering parameter, the technical budget shall:
1. provide the specified value of the parameter,
2. provide the supplier’s margin resulting of the allocation of the
parameter to the lower level products,
3. provide the specified values with the reference to the relevant
technical requirement of the lower level products,
4. propose a specific program to conform to the specified value in case
of nonconformance,
5. contain a chart of parameter history that presents the evolution of
the parameter’s value at the different design maturity steps for
which the evaluation of the parameter is performed,
6. list the documentation sources (e.g. analysis report and verification
report).
<5> Conclusion
a. The technical budget shall contain a conclusion that identifies the key
engineering parameters having a negative margin, and identify for each of
those:
1. the impact on the technical requirements and the associated risk for
the project, and
2. the specific program to conform to the specified value and for
project risk mitigation.
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Annex J (normative)
Specification tree - DRD
<1> Introduction
a. The specification tree document shall contain a description of the purpose,
objective and the reason prompting its preparation.
<2> Applicable and reference documents
a. The specification tree document shall contain the list of applicable and
reference documents, used in support to the generation of the document.
<3> Project summary and user’s need presentation
a. The specification tree document shall contain a brief description of the
project and the key user’s needs.
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<4> Tree structure
a. The specification tree document shall provide the complete list of
specifications defining the system or product, and contain a graphical
representation where the system or product specification (i.e. at the top
level of the tree) is decomposed into lower level product specifications.
b. When recurrent products from previous space projects are used, their
specification shall be identified in the tree structure, and in addition, for
every necessary product that is not under the supplier’s responsibility,
their specification shall be identified in the tree structure.
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Annex K (normative)
Design justification file (DJF) - DRD
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• All results obtained during the verification of the design as a consequence
of the activities performed along the verification process.
• Test Reports on engineering model, structural and thermal model and
qualification model (e.g. Protoflight Models).
NOTE The DJF is a logical file covering all technical
disciplines required for the considered system. In
general, the elements of the DJF are “rolled out”
as separate documents.
<1> Introduction
a. The DJF shall contain a description of the purpose, objective, content and
the reason prompting its preparation.
<2> Applicable and reference documents
a. The DJF shall list the applicable and reference documents in support to its
generation.
b. The applicable document list shall contain the reference to the relevant
product specifications, and the relevant DDF and system engineering plan.
c. The reference document list shall contain the reference to:
1. Trade‐Off‐Reports, as defined Annex L.
2. Analysis Reports (e.g. requirements allocation analysis, functional
analysis).
3. Requirements Traceability Matrix, as defined in Annex N (with link
to analysis).
4. Verification Control Document
5. All verification documentation, such as:
(a) Analysis Reports (e.g. reports w.r.t. qualification aspects)
(b) Test Reports
(c) ROD Reports
(d) Inspection Reports
(e) Verification Reports
<3> Design description
a. The DJF shall contain a description of the expected product, its intended
mission, architecture and design, and the functioning principles on which
it is based.
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b. The DJF shall define the requirement criteria levels for qualification and
acceptance verification of the product.
<4> Design Justification File Synthesis
a. The DJF shall present status of the design justification in response to
requirements, with emphasis on the driving requirements that have a big
impact on the system design, production and maintainability (see also
K.2.1<8.2.4>a.)
b. The DJF shall present an overall system qualification status synthesis,
including:
1. the list of requirements which have not been met (e.g.
nonconformances), including proposed actions,
2. the list of all critical points, and how criticalities have been or are
intended to be resolved,
3. the identification of requirements which have not been justified yet,
and associated risks analysis, with emphasis on those that can have
an impact at system level.
<5> Justification of the Functional Architecture
a. The DJF shall contain the demonstration that all requirements of the
preliminary technical requirements specification are allocated to functional
blocks of the system functional architecture.
b. Where requirements assigned to functional blocks do not have their origin
within any of the customer preliminary technical specifications, these
requirements shall be justified.
<6> Justification of the Physical Architecture
a. The DJF shall contain the demonstration that the system design conforms
to the requirements of the technical specification, and identify products
which are reused (e.g. COTS).
b. The DJF shall also provide the justification for the choice of architectural
elements at the next lower level, or lower levels in case of system critical
elements.
c. Where requirements do not have their origin within any of the upper level
technical specifications, these shall be justified.
<7> Development activities and synthesis of development
results
a. The DJF shall present the development activities (e.g. assessments,
analyses, tests, and trade‐offs) and the design drivers, which lead to and
justify the design as defined in the DDF, in line with the development
approach identified in the SEP.
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b. The justification shall concern all the engineering disciplines contributing
to design and development of the product (including its operational modes
and scenarios).
c. The DJF shall include the status of DJF of lower level products.
NOTE Activities related to verification are dealt with in
section K.2.1<8>.
d. For the system and each discipline, following information shall be
produced:
1. Activity inputs, such as requirements, operational modes,
assumptions, analysis cases, boundary conditions, model
descriptions and limitations.
2. Activity results, such as
(a) raw results,
(b) evaluation of results,
(c) evaluation of margins with respect to the technical
requirements contained in the TS,
(d) identification of any marginal areas.
3. Activity synthesis, such as
(a) evidence of compliance to the technical requirements
contained in the TS,
(b) list of technical requirements which have not been met,
including proposed actions,
(c) list of all critical points, and how criticalities have been or are
intended to be resolved,
(d) identification of aspects of the design, which are not yet
justified, and assessment of inherent risks.
e. The DJF shall reference the requirements traceability matrix, e.g. w.r.t.
building up the justification of a considered system top level requirements
in terms of the various elements contributing to it, including where
relevant contribution from other disciplines (e.g. pointing as a function of
thermal, structures, and AOCS).
<8> Verification activities and synthesis of results
<8.1> Verification plan
a. The DJF shall integrate or refer to the document that conforms to the
verification plan DRD defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐02 Annex A.
NOTE The verification activities are detailed in the
Verification Plan (VP), which also contains the
justification of the verification strategy (as
defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐02).
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<8.2> Qualification verification and synthesis of results
<8.2.1> Qualification evidence
a. The DJF shall present the evidence of the qualification of the design in
conformance to the applicable technical requirements and proper
qualification margins.
NOTE This is done in line with the qualification
approach identified in the VP.
b. The DJF shall cover the system and all disciplines relevant to the product
in all its operational modes and scenarios, addressing all applicable
technical requirements and proper qualification margins.
NOTE 1 This is done in line with the system verification
matrix.
NOTE 2 The formal compliance with the qualification
requirements is recorded in the VCD, together
with references to the close‐out documents.
<8.2.2> Implementation of the qualification plan
a. The DJF shall present the implementation of the qualification plan and the
status thereof, addressing the detailed definition of qualification activities
(e.g. analysis, test, ROD, and inspection), including the detailed definition
of the tests, the prediction of expected test results, test success criteria, test
specifications, and model validations.
NOTE Details on test specifications are provided in
ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐03 Annex B.
<8.2.3> Validation of models
a. The DJF shall contain all evidence (e.g. analyses, test results, and model
descriptions and correlations) regarding the suitability and validation of all
models used for the analysis of the system.
<8.2.4> Requirements status log
a. The DJF shall include a requirement status log addressing each
requirement in turn, and including the
1. reference to relevant elements of the verification plan,
2. synthesis of the justifications acquired, calling up references to the
supporting activities and evidence (e.g. Technical Notes listed in
section K.2.1<4>),
3. list of justifications to be acquired and related activities,
4. conclusion / action flag.
<8.2.5> Manufacturing process status log
a. The DJF shall include a requirement status log, addressing design relevant
aspects of manufacturing processes, and recording their characteristics in
regard to qualification.
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<8.3> Acceptance verification
a. The DJF shall present the implementation of the acceptance verification
and the status thereof, addressing the detailed definition of acceptance
activities (e.g. inspection, test, analysis), including the detailed definition of
the tests, the prediction of expected test results, test success criteria, and
test specifications.
NOTE Details on test specifications are provided in
ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐03 Annex B.
a. The DJF shall cover the system and all disciplines relevant to the product,
addressing all acceptance verification activities in line with the system
verification Plan (VP).
<9> Justification of System Technical Budgets and Margins
a. The DJF shall present a synthesis of all technical budgets and margins for
specific parameters according to the functional and physical architectures.
NOTE For technical budgets and margins, see ECSS‐E‐
ST‐10 Annex I.
<10> Justification of Constraints imposed by the System
Design
<10.1> Design constraints on the production
a. The DJF shall present the justification of constraints induced by the system
or product design definition on the production activities e.g. operational
allowable envelopes, restrictions on assembling sequences, procedures and
testing modes, exclusion zones, manufacturing environmental conditions,
and conditions for procurement.
<10.2> System design constraints for operation
a. The DJF shall present the justification of constraints induced by the system
or product design definition on the implementation of the operations e.g.
operational allowable envelopes, restrictions on operating modes, and
exclusion zones.
<10.3> System design constraints for transportation and storage
a. The DJF shall present the justification of constraints induced by the system
or product design definition on the transportation activities and during the
periods of storage of the product e.g. allowable envelopes, restrictions on
transportation and storage, exclusion zones, packaging, shock levels,
temperature environments, humidity, cleanliness, regulations, and
dangerous materials.
<10.4> System design constraints for maintainability
a. The DJF shall present the justification of constraints induced by the system
or product design definition on the maintenance activities and procedures
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e.g. operational allowable envelopes, accessibility, tooling, support
materials, parts availability, and deliveries.
<11> Constituent documents
a. The DJF shall integrate or refer to the documents that conform to the:
1. ECSS‐E‐ST‐10 Annex L, Trade‐Off‐Report ‐ DRD
2. ECSS‐E‐ST‐10 Annex Q, Analysis Report ‐ DRD
3. ECSS‐E‐ST‐10 Annex O, Requirement Justification File ‐ DRD
4. ECSS‐E‐ST‐10 Annex N, Requirements Traceability Matrix – DRD
5. ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐02 Annex B, Verification Control Document ‐ DRD
6. ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐02 Annex C, Test Report ‐ DRD
7. ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐02 Annex D, Review Of Design Report ‐ DRD
8. ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐02 Annex E, Inspection Report ‐ DRD
9. ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐02 Annex F, Verification Report ‐ DRD
b. The DJF shall include or refer to the DJF of lower level elements of the
product.
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Annex L (normative)
Trade-off report - DRD
<1> Introduction
a. The trade‐off report shall contain a description of the purpose, objective,
content and the reason prompting its preparation.
<2> Applicable and reference documents
a. The trade‐off report shall list the applicable and reference documents in
support to the generation of the document and include the reference to the
following applicable documents:
1. Mission description document, if relevant
2. Technical requirements specification
3. System engineering plan
4. Project phasing and planning requirement document.
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<3> Objective and context of the trade‐off study
a. The trade‐off report shall contain a brief description of the purpose of the
trade‐off study and its context (e.g. logic, organization, process or
procedure).
<4> Key technical requirements
a. The trade‐off report shall list the key technical requirements from the TS
(as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐06) to be satisfied by the possible alternative
design solutions to conform to the needs or requirements of the user.
b. The research of possible alternative design solutions should not preclude
the identification of design solutions which are not currently mature
enough, but which can be potential design solution for future similar
applications.
NOTE A possible design solution is a technical answer
that has the capability to meet a set of technical
requirements.
c. The system trade‐off report shall identify and present the sources of
information used to identify the possible design solution, e.g. R&D results,
lessons learned, or similar applications.
<5> Evaluation criteria
a. The trade‐off report shall list the selected evaluation criteria and precise
the justification for selecting those criteria, and provide the weighting of
criteria and their justifications.
NOTE The criteria are selected theme by theme from the
Technical Specification (as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐
10‐06 Annex A), the programmatic aspects
(including e.g. budget, schedule, etc… for
development, manufacturing, as well as target
cost for operations and recurrent items), and the
technical risks.
b. The trade‐off report shall identify the entity responsible for the evaluation
of the design solutions for any criteria, as well as the source and agreement
regarding weighting factors (e.g. with management).
<6> Presentation of the alternative design solutions
a. The trade‐off report shall present every different alternative design
solutions proposed by the organization in charge of the development of the
system or product, the proposals from the customer and supplier if any,
and emphasize the technical description that is correlated to the criteria of
evaluation.
b. The trade‐off report shall characterize each alternative design solution in
terms of technology status or maturity, performances capability, and risks.
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<7> Evaluation of the alternative design solutions
a. The system trade‐off report shall present the result of the evaluation of
every identified alternative design solution with regard to the key
technical requirements.
b. For each alternative design solution the following shall be performed:
1. assessment of all the key technical requirements / evaluation criteria,
2. presentation of the pros and cons of the design solution, and
3. identification of the technical and programmatic risks.
c. The trade‐off report shall present, in a table, the result of the evaluation per
criteria.
<8> Classification of the alternative design solutions
a. Based on the proposed scheme for weighting the evaluation criteria, the
trade‐off report shall provide a classification of the different alternative
design solutions.
<9> Analysis of the robustness of the classification
a. The trade‐off report shall provide the result of a sensitivity analysis of the
criteria that provide advantage to the solution ranked first, e.g. when
changing the weighting of the evaluation criteria.
<10> Conclusion
a. The trade‐off report shall recommend one solution and explain the reason
for this choice (e.g. evaluation criteria where the selected solution take
advantage), and precise the condition for the application of the
recommended solution.
b. The trade‐off report shall present the identified technical and
programmatic risks induced by the choice of the recommended solution,
and any additional activity necessary to be performed for risk mitigation.
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Annex M (normative)
Interface requirement document (IRD) -
DRD
<1> Introduction
a. The IRD shall contain a description of the purpose, objective, content and
the reason prompting its preparation.
<2> Applicable and reference documents
a. The IRD shall list the applicable and reference documents in support to the
generation of the document.
b. The IRD shall include the following references:
1. Product tree (as defined in ECSS‐M‐ST‐10 Annex B)
2. Specification tree (as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐10 Annex J).
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<3> Interface requirements
a. The interface requirements shall be grouped per couple of product
elements having an interface.
b. The interface requirements shall be expressed according to ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐06.
c. The interface requirements shall be grouped per nature of interface.
NOTE For example: Nature of interface includes, but is
not restricted to, mechanical, electrical, thermal
and software interfaces.
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Annex N (normative)
Requirements traceability matrix (RTM) -
DRD
<1> Introduction
a. The RTM shall contain a description of the purpose, objective, content and
the reason prompting its preparation.
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<2> Applicable and reference documents
a. The RTM shall list the applicable and reference documents in support to
the generation of the document.
b. The RTM shall include the following:
1. Technical requirements specification (as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐06
Annex A) of the product and its lower level elements
2. Product tree (as defined in ECSS‐M‐ST‐10 Annex B)
3. Specification tree (as defined in ECSS‐E‐ST‐10 Annex J).
<3> Requirement traceability
a. The RTM shall list all the technical requirement of the product TS.
b. The RTM shall list all the lower level elements constituting the product and
their technical requirements (contained in the lower‐level element TS).
c. The requirement identification shall be identical in the RTM and the
different TS.
d. Each technical requirement of the product shall be linked to at least one
requirement of a lower level element.
NOTE The required visibility of the traceability down
the elements of the product tree is depending on
the criticality of some lower level elements w.r.t.
the product requirements.
e. Each technical requirement of a lower level element should be linked to a
technical requirement of the product.
f. When a technical requirement of a lower level element is not linked to a
technical requirement of the product, this requirement shall be justified
and an evaluation of its existence or removal on the product shall be
agreed between the customer and the supplier.
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Annex O (normative)
Requirements justification file (RJF) - DRD
<1> Introduction
a. The RJF shall contain a description of the purpose, objective, content and
the reason prompting its preparation.
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<2> Applicable and reference documents
a. The RJF shall list the applicable and reference documents in support to the
generation of the document.
b. The RJF shall include the reference to the technical requirements
specification.
<3> Selected concept/solution justification
a. The RJF shall present the rationale for the selection of a concept for the
technical requirements specification.
NOTE For justification, reference can be made to the
system concept report of the considered project.
<4> Life profile justification for the selected concept/solution
a. The RJF shall present and justify the life profile situations for the concept
presented in the technical requirements specification.
NOTE For justification, reference can be made to the
system concept report of the considered project
where relevant.
<5> Environments and constraints justification
a. The RJF shall present and justify the different environments and
constraints for each life profile situations for the concept presented in the
technical requirements specification.
NOTE For justification, reference can be made to the
system concept report of the considered project
where relevant.
<6> Technical requirements justification
a. The RJF shall list all the technical requirements, and their identifier,
expressed by the corresponding TS as they are organized in these
documents.
b. For each technical requirement the following information shall be
provided:
1. the justification of the requirement (i.e. justified source),
2. the Entity or owner responsible for the requirement,
3. if one technical requirement is induced by several sources, the
reason of the specified performance,
4. the justification of the quantified performance (such as the range, the
approach used to determine the level, e.g. measure, estimation),
5. the justification of the selected verification method.
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<7> Requirement traceability
a. The RJF shall present the requirement traceability between the technical
requirements of the TS, and their justified source.
<8> Compliance matrix for COTS
a. For COTS, the RJF shall contain a compliance matrix between the technical
specification/characteristics of the COTS and the technical requirement
expressed by the TS.
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Annex P (normative)
Product user manual (PUM or UM) - DRD
<1> Introduction
a. The introduction shall describe the purpose and objective of the PUM.
<2> Applicable and reference documents
a. The PUM shall list the applicable and reference documents in support of
the generation of the document.
<3> Product function definition
<3.1> Product expected functions
a. The PUM shall provide a general description of the expected functions of
the product during its lifetime in expected operational context and
environment.
<3.2> Product functional constraints
a. The PUM shall describe all product functional constraints.
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<3.3> Life time phases and purposes
a. The PUM shall address the whole product life cycle and all its modes:
1. Handling
2. Storage
3. Installation
4. Operations (nominal and contingency)
5. Maintenance
6. Disposal.
b. The PUM shall consider potential consequences of the environment on
those sequences (e.g. sensor blinding, eclipses);
<4> Product description
<4.1> Design summary
a. The PUM shall include the following:
1. summary of the product design, showing the definition of the
product, its constituents, the distribution of functions and the major
interfaces;
2. block diagram of the product;
3. top‐level description of the product software architecture;
4. description of nominal product operations scenarios and constraints
e.g. mutually exclusive modes of operation, power or resource
sharing.
<4.2> Product level autonomy
a. The PUM shall include the following:
1. description of product‐level autonomy provisions in the areas of
fault management (FDIR);
2. definition, for each autonomous function, of the logic or rules used
and of its internal (product constituents) and external interfaces.
<4.3> Product configurations
a. The PUM shall include the following:
1. drawings of the overall product configuration in all product modes;
2. definition of the product reference axes system(s);
3. drawings of the product layouts.
<4.4> Product budgets
a. The PUM shall provide the distribution (or allocation) of the following
budgets, per product constituent, or per operating mode, as appropriate:
1. mass properties;
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2. alignment;
3. power consumption for all operational modes;
4. thermal budget and constraints and predictions;
5. Description of interfaces and related budgets. (e.g. RF links);
6. telemetry and telecommand date rates;
7. memory;
8. timing.
<4.5> Interface specifications
a. The PUM shall provide a cross‐reference to the applicable version of the
ICD.
<4.6> Handling
a. The PUM shall describe the conditions and procedures for the handling of
the product, be it integrated or stand‐alone.
b. The PUM shall describe the specific design features, transport and
environmental conditions, required GSE, and limitations for the handling
of the product.
<4.7> Storage
a. The PUM shall describe the conditions and procedures for the storage of
the product, be it integrated or stand‐alone.
b. The PUM shall describe the specific design features, environmental
conditions, required GSE, monitoring requirements, life‐limited items,
health maintenance procedures (activation, monitoring) and limitations for
the storage of the product.
<4.8> Installation
a. The PUM shall describe the conditions and procedures for the installation
of the product, be it integrated or stand‐alone.
b. The PUM shall describe the specific design features, required GSE, modes,
environmental conditions, and limitations for the installation of the
product.
<4.9> Product operations
<4.9.1> General
a. The PUM shall include timelines, modes and procedures, constraints to
operate the product during its life cycle in nominal and contingency
conditions, and highlight critical operations.
NOTE 1 When the product is a space segment, the
product operations aspects are included in a
specific part of the UM called Flight Operations
Manual (FOM).
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NOTE 2 The implementation of the FOM by the ground
segment responsible organisation is contained in
the Mission Operations Plan (MOP, as defined in
ECSS‐E‐ST‐70 Annex G).
<4.9.2> Timelines
a. The PUM shall include:
1. Baseline event timelines for all nominal and contingency modes and
phases.
2. Related constraints.
b. Each timeline shall contain a detailed description (i.e. down to the level of
each single operational action) of the complete sequence of operations to be
carried out, including a description of the rationale behind the chosen
sequence of events, a definition of any constraints (e.g. absolute timing,
relative timing) and the interrelationships between operations in the
sequence.
<4.9.3> Product modes
a. The PUM shall describe all nominal and contingency modes, including:
1. their purpose (i.e. circumstances under which they are used),
2. the related procedures,
3. operational constraints,
4. resource utilization,
5. the definition of the associated modes, and
6. monitoring requirements.
b. The PUM shall describe the allowable mode transitions and the operations
procedure corresponding to each such transition.
c. Appropriate cross‐reference shall be made to product constituent modes
and procedures.
<4.9.4> Product failure analysis
a. The PUM shall provide the results of the product failure modes, effects and
criticality analysis (FMECA) and the resulting list of single point failures.
b. Potential product failures shall be identified by means of a fault‐tree
analysis (FTA).
<4.10> Maintenance
a. The PUM shall describe the conditions, procedures and logistics for the
maintenance of the product, be it integrated or stand‐alone.
NOTE The description can refer to the document that
conforms to the Integrated Logistic Support Plan
in conformance with ECSS‐M‐ST‐70.
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<4.11> Disposal
a. The PUM shall describe the conditions and procedures for the disposal of
the product, be it integrated or stand‐alone.
b. The procedures shall include passivation, as relevant.
c. The PUM shall identify the risks during and after disposal.
<5> Products constituents description
<5.1> General
a. The information specified in P.2.1<5.2> to P.2.1<5.9> shall be provided for
each product constituent.
<5.2> Product constituent design summary
a. The PUM shall describe the product constituent including:
1. the overall functions of the product constituent and the definition of
its operational modes during the different mission phases;
2. description of any product constituent management functions, fault
management concept and redundancy provisions;
3. a summary description of the component units/equipment and
software including the functions which each supports;
4. product constituent functional block diagrams and a diagram
showing the source of telemetry outputs and the sink of
telecommand inputs;
5. interfaces;
6. budgets.
<5.3> Product constituent design definition
a. The following shall be provided for each product constituent:
1. a detailed design description, including block diagrams, functional
diagrams, logic and circuit diagrams;
2. physical characteristics including location and connections to the
support structure, axes definition and alignment where relevant,
dimensions and mass properties;
3. principle of operation and operational constraints of the product
constituent;
4. if a product constituent is composed of many complex elements, it
may be necessary to provide a lower level of breakdown.
<5.4> Software
a. The PUM shall include:
1. description of software design,
2. product constituent software,
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3. application process service software, and
4. memory map.
b. The PUM shall describe the organization of the software and its physical
mapping onto hardware.
c. The PUM shall describe the details of each software component i.e.
scheduler, interrupt handler, I/O system, telecommand packet handling
system, telemetry packet handling system, including for each component
its functions, component routines, input/output interfaces, timing and
performance characteristics, flowcharts and details of any operational
constraints.
d. For the application process service software, the PUM shall:
1. describe the services implemented making cross‐reference to ECSS‐
E‐ST‐70‐41 “Telemetry and telecommand packet utilization”, as
tailored for the mission;
2. summarize all telemetry and telecommand structures (e.g. packets)
including the conditions under which they are generated, the
generation frequency, content and interpretation.
e. For each memory block, a map shall be provided showing RAM and ROM
address areas, areas allocated for program code, buffer space and working
parameters (e.g. content of protected memory).
<5.5> Product component performance
a. The PUM shall describe all relevant product constituent performance
characteristics, define the expected performance degradation as a function
of time during the mission, and identify the resulting impact in terms of
modifications to operational requirements or constraints.
<5.6> Product component telemetry and telecommand lists
a. For each product constituent, the following lists shall be provided:
1. a list of the housekeeping telemetry parameters;
2. a list of the telecommands.
b. Each housekeeping telemetry shall have a functional description with
validity conditions, telecommand relationship, and all technical
information necessary for using it.
c. Each telecommand shall have a functional description with utilization
conditions (e.g. pre‐transmission validity, criticality level), command
parameters (syntax and semantics) and execution verification in telemetry.
<5.7> Product component failure analysis
a. The PUM shall describe:
1. Identification of potential product constituent failures by means of a
systematic failure analysis (including a subsystem FMECA and
FTA).
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2. Identification of the methods by which the higher levels can identify
a failure condition from analysis of the telemetry data and isolate the
source of the failure.
<5.8> Product components operations
a. The PUM shall describe:
1. product constituent modes;
2. nominal operational procedures;
3. contingency procedures.
b. product constituent modes shall be defined for all distinct nominal and
back‐up modes of the subsystem including:
1. purpose (i.e. conditions under which each is used);
2. operational constraints;
3. resource utilization;
4. the definition of the associated modes for each product constituent
and its software functions;
5. higher level monitoring requirements;
6. identification of the allowable mode transitions and any product
constituent operational constraints.
c. Nominal operational procedures shall be defined for each nominal mode
transition identified under P.2.1<5.8>b.6.
d. For each procedure described in P.2.1<5.8>c., the following shall be
provided:
1. an introduction describing the purpose of the procedure and the
phase(s) or conditions when applicable;
2. the body of the procedure, structured according to operational steps,
including:
(a) pre‐conditions for the start of the step defining, where
applicable:
− product or product constituent level pre‐requisites (e.g.
configuration and resource requirements, such as power,
fuel);
− external interfacing products pre‐requisites.
(b) telecommands to be sent;
(c) telemetry data to be monitored to verify correct execution of
the step;
(d) interrelationships between steps (e.g. conditional branching
within the procedure, timing requirements or constraints,
hold and check points);
(e) conditions for completion of the step.
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e. Contingency procedures shall be defined for each failure case identified in
the product constituent failure analysis (FMECA/FTA).
NOTE This can utilize a nominal operational procedure
already identified in P.2.1<5.8>c. above.
f. For contingency procedures, the same details shall be provided as for
nominal operational procedures in P.2.1<5.8>d. above.
g. Where the recovery method for a failure or group of failures is mode,
mission, or phase dependent, separate procedures shall be described for
each mode/mission phase.
<5.9> Product component data definition
a. For each operational mode of the product constituent, sensor output data,
conditions under which they are generated, their contents, and data rate
shall be described.
b. Required on‐board processing performed on sensor data and algorithms
used for this shall be described.
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Annex Q (normative)
Analysis report – DRD
<1> Introduction
a. The analysis report shall contain a description of the purpose, objective,
content and the reason prompting its preparation.
b. Any open issue, assumption and constraint relevant to this document shall
be stated and described.
<2> Applicable and reference documents
a. The analysis report shall list the applicable and reference documents in
support to the generation of the document, and make a clear reference to
the configuration baseline of the product considered for the analysis.
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<3> Definitions and abbreviations
a. The analysis report shall list the applicable dictionary or glossary and the
meaning of specific terms or abbreviations utilized in the document with
the relevant meaning.
<4> Analysis approach
a. The analysis report shall summarize the analysis content and the method
utilized.
<5> Assumptions and limitations
a. The analysis report shall describe the basic assumptions, the boundary
conditions, validity of the analysis, life profile aspects, and all other related
limitations.
<6> Analysis description
a. The analysis report shall describe and justify the analysis methods used
including software, tools and associated models.
<7> Analysis results
a. The analysis report shall present the main calculations, associated results,
accuracies, sensitivities, margins where relevant.
<8> Conclusions
a. The analysis report shall:
1. summarize the analysis results,
2. summarize the conditions of validity of this analysis,
3. clearly state and describe any open issue.
b. Where the analysis report is used for the verification of requirements it
shall list the requirements to be verified (in correlation with the VCD),
summarize the analysis results, present comparison with the requirements,
and indicate the verification closeout judgements (e.g. requirement met /
not met).
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Annex R (informative)
Mapping of typical DDP to ECSS
documents
Design Development Plan (DDP) content ECSS coverage
Introduction M‐ST‐10 ‐ PMP <3>
• General summary of the scope, objective and constraints E‐ST‐10 ‐ SEP <3.1>
• Definition of responsibilities and pre‐requisites M‐ST‐10 ‐ PMP <4>
System definition including high level product tree M‐ST‐10 ‐ PT
• Identification of customer furnished products M‐ST‐60 ‐ 9.6.2 req.
• Availability of and need to reuse existing products E‐ST‐10 ‐ SEP <4.2>.6 and <5.2.13>
• Specification tree M‐ST‐10 ‐ PT <3>.e
E‐ST‐10 ‐ Annex J
Technology assessment E‐ST‐10 ‐ SEP <5.2.5>
Availability of and need to develop new technologies E‐ST‐10 ‐ TP <4.3>
System design flow and philosophy of models E‐ST‐10 ‐ SEP <4.2>.4
• Model philosophy E‐ST‐10 ‐ SEP <4.2>.5
• Design margin philosophy for budgets
‐ Margin philosophy for requirements as flown
down from system to subsystem‐ assembly – and
equipment level
‐ Management of system resource allocation over the
entire project phases and resource reporting to the
next higher level
‐ Rationale
System control and verification E‐ ST‐10 ‐ SEP <5.2.2>
• Qualification and acceptance philosophy ‐> E‐ ST‐10‐02 ‐ VP
• Budget allocation philosophy ‐> E‐ ST‐10‐02 ‐ VCD (inc. VM)
• Compliance to requirements demonstration philosophy
• High‐level Assembly, Integration & Verification Plan, incl.:
‐ end to end test
‐ mission simulation and Dress Rehearsals
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Planning and definition of milestones and reviews M‐ ST‐10 ‐ PMP <7>
including the analysis of the critical path(s) ‐> M‐ ST‐60 ‐ S
• definition and scope of reviews in terms of
‐ baselining of requirements and requirements M‐ ST‐10‐01
control
E‐ST‐10 ‐ SEP <3.3>
‐ design releases and control of released design
including external and internal interfaces
Definition of required Ground Support Equipment
and schedule of development and delivery
Risk assessment linked to development choices E‐ ST‐10 ‐ SEP <5.4> <3.5>
M‐ ST‐80 ‐ RAR
M‐ST‐10 ‐ PMP = ECSS‐M‐ST‐10, Project management plan DRD ‐ Annex A
M‐ST‐10 ‐ PT = ECSS‐M‐ST‐10, Product tree DRD ‐ Annex B
M‐ST‐60 ‐ S = ECSS‐M‐ST‐60, Schedule DRD ‐ Annex B
M‐ST‐80 ‐ RAR = ECSS‐M‐ST‐80, Risk assessment report DRD ‐ Annex C
E‐ST‐10 ‐ SEP = ECSS‐E‐ST‐10, System engineering plan DRD ‐ Annex D
E‐ST‐10 ‐ TP = ECSS‐E‐ST‐10, Technology plan DRD ‐ Annex E
E‐ST‐10‐02 ‐ VP = ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐02, Verification plan DRD ‐ Annex B
E‐ST‐10‐02 ‐ VCD = ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐02, Verification control document DRD ‐ Annex C
(Note: Verification matrix = 1st issue of CVD)
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Bibliography
ECSS‐S‐ST‐00 ECSS system – Description, implementation and
general requirements
ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐03 Space engineering – Testing
ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐04 Space engineering – Space environment
ECSS‐E‐ST‐10‐11 Space engineering – Human factors engineering
ECSS‐E‐ST‐20 Space engineering – Electrical and electronic
ECSS‐E‐ST‐3x series Space engineering – Materials series
ECSS‐E‐ST‐40 Space engineering – Software general requirements
ECSS‐E‐ST‐50 Space engineering – Communications
ECSS‐E‐ST‐60 Space engineering – Control engineering
ECSS‐E‐ST‐70 Space engineering – Ground systems and
operations
ECSS‐E‐ST‐70‐41 Space engineering – Telemetry and telecommand
packet utilization
ECSS‐E‐HB‐10 Space engineering – System engineering guidelines
ECSS‐E‐TM‐10‐10 Space engineering – Logistic engineering
ECSS‐E‐TM‐10‐20 Space engineering – Product data exchange
ECSS‐E‐TM‐10‐21 Space engineering – System modelling and
simulation
ECSS‐M‐ST‐60 Space project management – Cost and schedule
management
ECSS‐M‐ST‐70 Space engineering – Integrated logistic support
ECSS‐M‐ST‐80 Space project management – Risk management
ECSS‐Q‐ST‐10 Space product assurance – Product assurance
management
IEEE P1220 Standard for application and management of the
systems engineering process
ISO/CD 24113 Space systems – Space debris mitigation
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