Topic#8

Communicating with Wired and Wireless

Networks and Devices

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES

ISLAMABAD
MAY, 2020

Submitted to: Mr. Mubashar Sarfaraz

Submitted by: Anas Jahangir
Kamran Javid
Muhammad Abubaker
 ABSTRACT
The wireless industry is going very fast nowadays. We can easily see the
evolution from 2G to 3G and now advance to the 4G and 5G network. Before
wireless networks, wired networks were commonly used in every field. But
there were some disadvantages regarding mobility, quality of service and
connectivity. Wired network bounded the region of the working area for the
internet and it requires multiple wires to connect computer from one device to
another. While on the other hand wireless network is an open source for
everyone to use the internet. There is no limitation of the region and no issue
regarding connectivity because data is transfer through signal which includes
frequency in the form of waves. But there are also some disadvantages of
wireless network regarding cost, speed, coverage, bandwidth etc. If we talk
about the better network so it depends on the situation and problem.
As technology advances in society the need for wired and wireless networking
has become essential. Each of these types of networking has their
advantages and disadvantages according to security. Wired networking has
different hardware requirements and the range and benefits are different.
Wireless networking takes into consideration the range, mobility, and the
several types of hardware components needed to establish a wireless
network. As you read on you will understand different types of configurations
of networks and the security measures that need to be taken to ensure a
secure network.
1 Table of Contents
1 Wired Network.............................................................................................................3
1.1 PROTOCOLS OF WIRED NETWORK.....................................................................................4
1.1.1 E THERNET :..........................................................................................................5
1.1.2 FAST ETHERNET :...................................................................................................5
1.1.3 LOCAL TALK:........................................................................................................5
1.1.4 TOKEN RING:.......................................................................................................5
1.1.5 FDDI:.................................................................................................................6
1.2 ADVANTAGES OF THE WIRED NETWORK:.............................................................................6
1.3 DISADVANTAGES OF THE WIRED NETWORK:........................................................................6
1.4 WIRED COMMUNICATION DEVICES:...................................................................................7
2 WIRELESS NETWORK:.........................................................................................................8
2.1 Types of wireless protocols:......................................................................................8
2.1.1 LONG RANGE:......................................................................................................8
2.1.2 MEDIUM RANGE:.................................................................................................9
2.1.3 SHORT RANGE:.....................................................................................................9
2.2 FACTOR AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE WIRELESS NETWORK:....................................10
2.3 USES OF WIRELESS NETWORK:........................................................................................10
2.4 PROPERTIES OF WIRELESS NETWORK:...............................................................................11
2.4.1 HOME:..............................................................................................................12
2.4.2 SPACE :..............................................................................................................12
2.4.3 WIRELESS NETWORK ELEMENT :...........................................................................12
2.4.4 PERFORMANCE :..................................................................................................12
2.5 ADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS NETWORK:.............................................................................12
2.6 DISADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS NETWORK:........................................................................13
2.7 HOW WI-FI HAS CHANGED THE WORLD:..........................................................................13
2.8 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICES:.............................................................................14
3 CONCLUSION:.................................................................................................................15
4 REFERENCES...................................................................................................................15
INTRODUCTION:
Organizations rely heavily on the ability to share information throughout the
organization in an efficient and productive manner. Computer networks have
allowed for this technology and are now a part of almost every business. An
organization has two options when it comes to setting up a network. They can
use a completely wired network, which uses networking cable to connect
computers, or they can use a wireless network, which uses radio frequencies
to connect computer. Wireless networks have allowed organizations to
become more mobile; therefore, organizations are now using a combination of
both wired and wireless networks.
They basic hardware layout for the two types of networks are fairly similar but
for an organization to go wireless it requires a few more hardware
components. Although networks provide convenience they do open the
organization up to security and privacy risks. If a company is faced with a
security they are ways that they can fix and prevent future security risks. As
you read on, you will learn how the network has become an essential part of
today’s organizations

Networks:
A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share
resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic
communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables,
telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams
There are two types of communication networks.
 Wired Networks
 Wireless Networks.

1 Wired Network
The word wired refers to any kind of physical medium which is consisting of
the cable. The cables made up of the copper, fiber optics, and twisted pair.
Wired network is mostly used to carry different types of signals in the form of
electricity from one medium to another. In a wired network, only one internet
connection is used in the cable. Only one device is attached to one internet
cable and data is shared among the different devices by using this same
concept of wire network.

Figure 1 diagram of wired network

1.1 PROTOCOLS OF WIRED NETWORK

Wired network has the following protocols and let's discuss protocols one by
one:
 Ethernet
 Fast Ethernet
 Local talk
 Token ring
 FDDI

Figure 2 protocol of wired networks

1.1.1 ETHERNET:
It is one of the protocols of a wired network and it is mostly used in the world.
Ethernet uses the access method which is called CSMA/CD (carrier sense
multiple access/collision detection). This is basically a system in which each
computer before sending some information/data through the network must
listen to the cable. In this only one by one link is made. If there is multiple
networks in a single line then computer have to wait until the line is clear after
that it sends the data to the receiver. If two devices send the data through the
cable, this work is done by one by one. First, one device receives the data
from the sender and the other device have to wait until the first data transfer
completed and wait for his turn and try again later. When the first receiver
receives the data the second will start. Because of this sometimes collision
occurs and the computer has to wait and lots of time consumes. But this
collision is occurring for a very small time and it does not affect the
transmission of the network. The Ethernet protocol uses the method of bus,
star and tree topologies i. Data can be transferred through the coaxial wire,
optical fiber wire at a speed of 10Mbps up to 1000Mbps.

1.1.2 FAST ETHERNET:

It is another type of protocol which is used to increase the speed of
transmission and it develops the new standards that have the speed of
100Mbpsii .this is called fast Ethernet. Fast Ethernet requires the hub,
networks interface cards and category 5(CAT5), fiber optics and twisted pair
cable is required. This Ethernet is commonly used in school nowadays.

1.1.3 LOCAL TALK:

Local talk is a wired network protocol which was developing by the Apple
computer for Macintosh computer iii. The data is transfer by using the special
twisted pair cable. It allows the linear bus, star or tree topologies using twisted
pair cable. Disadvantages of the local talk are the low speed of transmission
which is 230Kbps.

1.1.4 TOKEN RING:

The token ring [16] protocol was developing by IBM in 1980 mid. The
information is carried out in the form of token and move round in the
circle/ring. Two computer cannot connect to each other until the will finish the
task. After that, it connects with the other system and its application on 2,23
computers system and rarely used because its performance is very low and
lots of time is consumed and lots of trouble is there .its speed is 4Mbps 0r
16Mbps.

1.1.5 FDDI:
Fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) iv is another protocol of a wired network
that is used to connect two or more LAN. This is far away over a long
distance. It is used as the token ring method. But it uses the two rings for the
transfer of the data. If one system is busy then the other systems are
automatically activated and transmit the data. Its advantages are high speed
and it works on the fiber optic cable at 100Mbps.

1.2 ADVANTAGES OF THE WIRED

NETWORK:
 Power is not consumed so much.
 Wired network is easy to use, plug in the wire and ready to use the
internet.
 There are varieties of cables available in the market nowadays. The
user can choose according to its need and budget.
 It provides the constant, stable and faster speed because it provides
one to one connection.
 Security is very strong in a wired network.
 It is beneficial for small area network like at home or at the office.
 It is most reliable than a wireless network.
 It is good for business, home, office, school etc.
 Bandwidth is higher.
 It can extend to the longer distance by using the optical fiber.

1.3 DISADVANTAGES OF THE WIRED

NETWORK:
 It is not useful for the mobile or Smartphone.
 One wired network cable is attached to only one computer so it does
not facilitate another computer by single wire.
 Cable can be easily damaged after some time, so the user has to be
very careful while arranging and connect the cable with PC and protect
the cable from any cuts and water.
 It messes the room where you are gathering the wire
 If you want to connect more devices with each other you need an
Ethernet connection.
 But it also requires more wires to connect and if you are doing this then
it is difficult for you to find out that which wire is connected to which PC
and it takes your lots of time.
 If you want to expand your network then you need more cables and it
becomes more costly and takes lots of time to establish the network. If
you want to expand your network widely then you have to rewire all the
devices and then again establish the wider network.
 There is no freedom of movement for users.
 Wired network is not suitable for openly public usage.
 Lots of cables need to connect to the certain port.
  Set up is difficult sometimes but it’s expensive.

1.4 WIRED COMMUNICATION DEVICES:

Wired communication refers to the transmission of data over a wire-based
communication technology. Wired communication is also known as wired
communication. Examples include telephone networks, cable television or
internet access, and fiber-optic communication. Most wired networks use
Ethernet cables to transfer data between connected PCs. Also waveguide
(electromagnetism), used for high-power applications, is considered wired
line. Local telephone networks often form the basis for wired communications
and are used by both residential and business customers in the area. Many
networks today rely on the use of fiber optic communication technology as a
means of providing clear signaling for both inbound and outbound
transmissions and are replacing copper wire transmission. Fiber optic
technology is capable of accommodating far more signals than copper wiring
while still maintaining the integrity of the signal over longer distances.
Alternatively, communication technologies that don't rely on wires to transmit
information (voice or data) are considered wireless, and are generally
considered to have higher latency and lower reliability .In Wired
Communication, the medium is a physical path like Co-axial Cables, Twisted
Pair Cables and Optical Fiber Links etc. which guides the signal to propagate
from one point to other.

Figure 3 wired communication device

2 WIRELESS NETWORK:
The wireless network was also established by IEEE in 1947 with a standard
802.it first connection was of 2Mb and that time it was not so much advance
and familiar to anyone but later with the passage of time and generating the
new version of wireless, it becomes famous over the world. Wireless word is
used to refer to medium which is made up of electromagnetic waves or
infrared waves. All the devices, which are wireless that has sensor in them. it
includes mobile, wireless sensor, TV remote, laptop etc. It does not use the
wire for the connection between two devices or to transfer the data. It uses
the radio frequency waves. Fiber optic and broadband ADSL are also used.

Figure 4 (Diagram of the Wireless Network)

2.1 Types of wireless protocols:

There are three protocols of wireless network:
Long range (measured in miles)
Medium range (measured in tens or hundreds of feet)
Short range (less than 10 feet)
2.1.1 LONG RANGE:
Long range protocols are used for speed to transfer the data over the longer
distance. It may be used as back-haul between two sites such as Smartphone
etc. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) is the most important
protocol of wireless network which is using in all world and its connections are
between the cellular phones and mobiles.

2.1.1.1 LTE:
Before newer Smartphone, older generation used GPRS, EV-DO for the
communication. Because of that companies and industry have to spend lots of
money to upgrade it and made it supportive for 4G.LTE (long-term evaluation)
is used to improve the low data rates and other issues that occur in older
phone .the protocol can carry the 100Mbps of data which is divided into the
users to use and each user gave the 10Mbps.

2.1.1.2 60 GHz protocol:

Most of the video which is running on the computer needs 60GHz and they
are using it as well. It requires a lot of bandwidth. There are two different
standard called wirelesses HD and WiGig. It gives the best high-quality
definition for the video streaming.

2.1.2 MEDIUM RANGE:

WLAN is usually used for the medium range protocol which is used for the
communication between the computers to enhance wired LAN or replace it.
These all protocols are the parts of IEEE (Institute of electrical and electronics
engineers) 802.11 standards.

2.1.2.1 Wi-Fi:
Wi-Fi is mostly used nowadays because of its range and access to another
device. It provides the facility of a hotspot as well. It becomes popular in 1990
for the hardware usages. Wi-Fi can be controlled in the environment
according to the range. Its speed is lower as compared to the other wireless
network protocols speed but mobile device easily support the Wi-Fi and LTE
and give the flexibility to the user.

2.1.2.2 WAP:
The wireless application protocol is standardizing a protocol for
communication. It is used to provide the security and privacy to the network.
There are other types of protocols .one is WEP and the other is WPA. Both
used for security.

2.1.3 SHORT RANGE:

Wireless Personal Area network or WPAN is also called short wireless
protocols. Which work on the lower frequencies between the devices which
are just a few feet away from each other? Bluetooth is an example of a short
range protocol. Its common usage is that it allows the wireless headset to
communicate with a portable phone. Infrared data association or IRDA is
older and used for every short range protocol.

2.1.3.1 Bluetooth:
It is the oldest wireless network protocol which is commonly used now a day.
It transfers the data from one device to another device. It needs a lower
amount of power to work then Wi-Fi and from most other wireless protocols. It
is a short distance wireless network protocol. Wi-Fi has been replaced with
the Bluetooth v but some Smartphone still has the features of Bluetooth in
their system.

2.1.3.2 Wireless Home Automation protocols:

It is used to control the remote control of light, home appliances, and gadgets.
Two basic protocols for home automation are z-wave and Zigbee. They have
low data rates and support the low energy consumption for home automation .
0.25Mbps for Zigbee and 0.01Mbps for Zwave.

2.1.3.3 Ultrawide band:

It is UWB and also called digital pulse wireless. It used for short distance and
have a wide frequency band with lower power. And take that kind of data
which was bend due to some obstacle or due to some higher power.

2.2 FACTOR AFFECTING THE

PERFORMANCE OF THE WIRELESS
NETWORK:
 Physical obstruction
 The range of the network and distance between the devices
 Sharing of signal
 Usage of network and load on the network
 Poor antennas
 Reflection back of the signal
 Spectrum channel limitation
 Restriction of the wireless signal
 The polarization of the signal
 Speed loss due to wireless overhead
 Lower performance

2.3 USES OF WIRELESS NETWORK:

 We can easily use the wireless network vi in medical science without
any kind of issue or Danger .It is used in the remote monitoring of the
patient, biometric data of wireless network and dispensers application.
 We can also use the wireless technology while traveling with the help
of an airline. Now we can travel from place to another without any ticket
.Because all documentation is available on your mobile and can be
accessed by using the hotspot wireless.
 We can also use the wireless network on hotels. vii It enhances the
business of the hotel. Management uses the wireless internet as
wireless network checking of hotel. we can check the guest list through
mobile or tablet. Opening and closing of the door are also because of
the wireless network.
 We can also use the network in business because everyone can easily
access each other; no matter where they are now and what are they
doing. Because of this, they can run to smaller business and larger
also and earn lots of profit.
 We can use the wireless network in mobile communication. By using
this technology multimedia approach, interconnection and transfer of
data and all other things related to wireless are in your control and
range.
 We can also use this technology in voice communication. It gave the
facility to in contact with two or more users via video calls or text
messaging.
 We can also use the technology in the remote control. There are many
different uses of a remote control system such as doorbell at home,
TV, car, remote, garage opener etc.
 We can use this technology in entertainment and also in the navigation
system.
2.4 PROPERTIES OF WIRELESS
NETWORK:
 Home
 Space
 Performance
 Wireless network element

2.4.1 HOME:
Wireless technologies are effective for sharing printer, scanner, and high-
speed internet connection. It saves the cost and time and creates the mobility
for the devices which are connected to the devices.

2.4.2 SPACE:
It is sometimes become difficult to connect the wires and cables. Wireless
technology allows a specific space to the user through which it will be able to
communicate with the other device.

2.4.3 WIRELESS NETWORK ELEMENT:

It is a device used by a carrier to support for the back-end network and it also
supports the mobile switching center. Wireless technologies depend upon the
network element. It is used in a wireless network in the physical layer.

2.4.4 PERFORMANCE:
It enhances the performance of network from 2G to 3G and now mostly using
the 4G network with high speed.

2.5 ADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS

NETWORK:
 Users are free to move with a wireless network and can easily access
the internet anywhere with their laptop and other handsets devices.
 The user can easily share the files with other devices without any
connection of cables.
 There is no need of cable connection. [5] So it is cheap and not a time
consumer .Easily connected to more than one PC or device at the
same time.
 They are convenient and easily accessible.
 It handles a large number of users because it is an open source and
unlimited to use.
 By using the wireless network social media information becomes easy
to access and become easy to transfer.
  It is convincing because the user can access from any nearly located
resources.
 It is useful to enhance the productivity.
 In wireless network number of user connect with each other easily but
in wired they all need their wire to connect It is cheap.
 Network security is becoming good and stronger than the system
cannot be easily hacked because they insert the strong password in
hardware and in software.
 Although it is slow in speed it fulfills the requirement of the user and the
user easily gets the desired thing from the internet.
 Healthy and safe.
 Wi-Fi is cost effective.

2.6 DISADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS

NETWORK:
 It can require extra cost and other equipment to set up.
 The person who is not so much familiar with a computer for that type
person setting up the wireless becomes difficult.
 Speed is effective and slower while sending some sort of file.
 If you go far away from the router it becomes difficult for you to access
the internet.
 The range is limited.
 Less secure because anyone can steal your internet bandwidth if your
password is not secure and not protected.
 Easily hacked the information.
 It depends upon the wave-like radio.

2.7 HOW WI-FI HAS CHANGED THE

WORLD:
Before the internet, nobody familiar with each other but after the internet has
arrived people started using it and it becomes so popular that it demands
increases day by day. And Wi-Fi becomes the life of people more easily
because anyone can access the internet through laptop, mobile and can be
accessed by the nearest Wi-Fi, hotspot or booster. Now a day 88% people
come online according to the research through Wi-Fi.it played a most
important and significant role in human life. With the help of Wi-Fi, we can
improve our society and as well as ourselves steadily and speedily. Through
Wi-Fi two or more cities are now able to connect to each other .it provide the
online shopping facility to the people and this type of shopping criteria is very
common in Europe because with the help of this technology people compare
the prizes and purchase the item. Wi-Fi [14] is also giving facility of the
communication and communication become easier through this technology.
Healthcare center is also available for the people online; people can easily
connect to the hospital through this technology because now a day’s doctor
carries Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), through which they can
communicate with the people easily, no matter where are they, at home or
outside. Wi-Fi is the best solution for a whole geometric location and they can
share their data easily. It going forward and forward and day by day its
technologies is increases and its speed also up to 866.7Mb/s because of
802.11ac and 802.11n.

Figure 6(Wi-Fi advance technology )

2.8 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

DEVICES:
Wireless Communication is the fastest growing and most vibrant technological
areas in the communication field. Wireless Communication is a method of
transmitting information from one point to other, without using any connection
like wires, cables or any physical medium.
Generally, in a communication system, information is transmitted from
transmitter to receiver that are placed over a limited distance. With the help of
Wireless Communication, the transmitter and receiver can be placed
anywhere between few meters (like a T.V. Remote Control) to few thousand
kilometers (Satellite Communication).

We live in a World of communication and Wireless Communication, in

particular, is a key part of our lives. Some of the commonly used Wireless
Communication Systems in our day – to – day life is: Mobile Phones, GPS
Receivers, Remote Controls, Bluetooth Audio and Wi-Fi etc.

Wireless Communication doesn’t require any physical medium but propagates

the signal through space. Since, space only allows for signal transmission
without any guidance, the medium used in Wireless Communication is called
Unguided Medium. If there is no physical medium, then how does wireless
communication transmit signals? Even though there are no cables used in
wireless communication, the transmission and reception of signals is
accomplished with Antennas.

Antennas are electrical devices that transform the electrical signals to radio
signals in the form of Electromagnetic (EM) Waves and vice versa. These
Electromagnetic Waves propagates through space. Hence, both transmitter
and receiver consist of an antenna.

Figure 7wireless communication devices

3 CONCLUSION:
The wireless network is better than wired network.80% of the world using the
wireless network now a day. Its future is brighter than wired network
according to research. Wireless gives the freedom of movement and sharing
of files becomes easier, no matter of slower speed. But there have been
made some changes in the wireless network properties related to the speed,
cost, and security. It gives the flexibility as data is transfer from one medium
to another through radio waves. But in the wired network, there is a concept of
cables, which sometimes mess the working place and become dangerous
also. Cables can be easily damaged. There is a single connection and no
multiple connections can be made or accessible on a single cable network. It
is time-consuming and costly as compared to the wireless network. The
wireless network is opposite to the wired network and its protocol is much
beneficial than that of a wired network. Wired technology does not provide the
generations of the internet to the users. It is limited and gives the connection
through the wire to wire that’s why wireless is commonly use nowadays and
further going on we will see the brighter and brighter future of Wi-Fi
technology.
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