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Fuses - Principles of Design and Operation

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88 views3 pages

Fuses - Principles of Design and Operation

The concept of traditional education has changed dramatically over the past two years. Being physically present in a classroom is no longer the only learning option - at least not with the rise of the internet and new technologies. Today, you have access to quality education when and where you want it, as long as you have access to a computer. We are now entering a new era - the online education revolution.

Uploaded by

buraqtech49
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Fuses - Principles of design and operation

A fuse consists of a replaceable part (the fuse) and a fuse


holder. Examples of fuse holders are The simplest fuse link is a length of It
is mounted by screwing in support which partially encloses it. When an
overcurrent or short circuit current is passed, the wire begins to melt and an
arc begins at various places along with it. The arc voltage causes the
current to drop and once it drops to zero the arcs are extinguished.

The larger wire the cross-section, the greater the current that the fuse-link
will carry without operating. In the UK, fuses of this type are specified for
use with voltages up to 250 V and currents up to 100 A. They are known as
semi-closed or rechargeable fuses.

The most popular type of cartridge. This consists of a barrel (usually


ceramic) containing one or more elements which are connected at each
end to caps attached to the ends of the barrel. The arrangement is shown
in Figures 2 and 3. If a high current breaking capacity is required, the
cartridge is filled with sand of high chemical purity and controlled grain
size. The entire fuse link is replaced after the fuse has worked and a fault
has been disconnected. Cartridge fuses are used for a much wider range of
voltages and currents than semi-closed fuses.

Merges can be divided into current-limited and non-current-limited types. A


tapered cartridge filled with sand is of the current limiting type; when it
works it limits the peak current to a value that is significantly lower than
the prospective current. A non-current limiting fuse, such as a semi-closed
fuse, does not significantly limit current.

The element shown in Figure 2 is a notched strip. Fusion first occurs at the
notches when an overcurrent flows and results in a number of arcs
controlled in series. The voltage across each arc contributes to the total
voltage across the fuse and this total voltage has the effect of reducing the
current to zero. As the number of arcs is limited, the fuse voltage should
not be high enough to cause damage elsewhere in the circuit.

The characteristic development of current and voltage during the operation


of a fuse is The function of the sand is to absorb the energy of the arcs and
to help extinguish them; when a high current is disconnected, the sand
around the arcs is melted.

The element is usually silver because of its resistance to


oxidation. Oxidation of the element in service would affect the current which
could be carried without melting, as the cross-section of the element is
changed. Silver-plated copper elements are also used.

Many elements include an m-effect blob, which can be deposited on wire or


notched tape. The drop is a solder-type alloy that has a much lower melting
point than the element. If a sufficiently large current only melts the drop-off
effect m, the solder diffuses into the silver. This creates a higher local
resistance in the element and the fuse operates at a lower current than it
would have been in the absence of the drop.

Other types include the expulsion fuse which is used at high voltage and
the universal modular fuse (UMF) which is used on printed circuit boards
(PCB). Fuses offer long life without deteriorating characteristics or
performance, and cartridge fuses have the particular advantage of
completely containing arcing products.
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