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Chapter 5 Examples

The document contains 3 examples involving calculations of BOD levels and land area required for sewage treatment: 1) A town discharges sewage into a river. Using flow rates and BOD levels, the diluted BOD level is calculated as 83.21 mg/l. 2) A city discharges sewage into a stream. Using flow rates, BOD levels, DO contents and coefficients, the permissible first stage BOD and required sewage treatment level of 65.9% is calculated. 3) A town of 40,000 uses land treatment for sewage. Given water supply and land absorption rates, the required land area is calculated as 78 hectares at a cost of $1,

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386 views

Chapter 5 Examples

The document contains 3 examples involving calculations of BOD levels and land area required for sewage treatment: 1) A town discharges sewage into a river. Using flow rates and BOD levels, the diluted BOD level is calculated as 83.21 mg/l. 2) A city discharges sewage into a stream. Using flow rates, BOD levels, DO contents and coefficients, the permissible first stage BOD and required sewage treatment level of 65.9% is calculated. 3) A town of 40,000 uses land treatment for sewage. Given water supply and land absorption rates, the required land area is calculated as 78 hectares at a cost of $1,

Uploaded by

Asegid Bezabih
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Example 5-1

The sewage of a town is to be discharged into a river stream. The quantity of sewage produced
per day is 8 million liters, and its BOD is 250mg It. If the discharge in the river is 200l/s and its
BOD is 6mg/l, find out the BOD of the diluted water.
Solution
Sewage discharge = Qs
8∗10 6
QS = l/s=92.59 l/s
24∗60∗60
Discharge of the river = QR = 200 l/s
BOD of sewage = CS = 250 mg/l
BOD of river = CR = 6 mg/l.
Using equation (8.1), we have
C s Q s +C R Q R
BOD of thediluted mixture=C=
Q s +Q R
250∗92.59+ 6∗200
C= =83.21 mg/l
92.59+200

Example 5-2
A city discharges 1500 litres per second of sewage into a stream whose minimum rate of flow is
6000 litres per second. The temperature of sewage as well as water is 20°c. The 5 day BOD at
20°c for sewage is 200mg/l and that of river water is 1mg/l. The DO content of sewage is zero,
and that of the stream is 90% of the saturation DO If the minimum DO to be maintained in the
stream is 4.5 mg/l, find out the degree of sewage treatment, required. Assume the de-oxygenation
coefficient as 0.1 and re-oxygenation coefficient as 0.3.
Solution
From the table given at the end of the book, the value of saturation DO at 20°c is found out as
9.17mg/l.
DO content of the stream
= 90% of the saturation DO
90
¿ ∗9.17=8.25 mg/l
100
DO of mix at the start point (i.e. at t = 0)
8.25∗6000+ 0∗1500
¿ =6.6 mg/l
6000+ 1500
(Assuming DO of sewage as zero)
Do=initial DO deficit
¿ Saturation DO at mix .temp .−DO of mix .
¿ 9.17−6.6=2.57 mg/l
(Assume instantaneous mixing)
Minimum DO to be maintained in the stream
= 4.5mg/l
Maximum permissible saturation deficit (i.e., critical DO deficit)
¿ Dc=9.17−4.5=4.67 mg/l
Now, using equations (8.11), the first stage BOD of mixture sewage and stream (L) is given by
L ( f – 1)
( f −1 )∗D 0
( Dc∗f ) =f∗ 1− ( L )
Substituting the values as:
Do = 2.57mg/l, Dc = 4.67mg/l
K R 0.3
f= = =3
K D 0.1
We get
(3 – 1 )
L ( 3−1 )∗2.57
( 4.67∗3 ) =3∗ 1−( L )
Solving by hit and trial, we get the value
L=21.1 mg/l
Now, using
Y t =L∗( 1−10− K t ) D

Maximum permissible 5 day BOD of the mix (at 20°c)


Y 5=21.1∗( 1−10−0.1∗5=14.43 mg/l ) (Where, KD at 20°c = 0.1)
Now, using equation (8.1),
C s Qs +C R Q R
C=
Q s+ Q R
Where, C stands for concentrations of BOD
Substituting the values, we get
C S∗1500+1∗6000
14.43=
1500+6000
Where, Cs will represent the permissible BOD5 (at 20°c of course) of the discharged wastewater.
C S=68.16 mg/l
Original BOD of sewage−Permissible BOD
Degree of treatment required ( percent )= ∗100
Original BOD .
200−68.16
¿ ∗100=65.9 %
200
Example 5-3
A town having population of 40,000 disposes sewage by land treatment. It gets a per capita
assured water supply from waterworks at a rate of 130l/day. Assuming that the land used for
sewage disposal can absorb 80m3 of sewage per hectare per day, determine the land area
required, and its cost at the rate of $25,000 per hectare. Make suitable assumptions where
needed.
Solution
Population = 40,000
Rate of water supply = 130 l/day/person
Total water supplied per day
¿ 40,000∗130 l=5,200,000 lites=5,200 cu . m.
Assuming that 80% of this water appears as sewage,
The quantity of sewage produced per day
¿ 0.8∗5200=4160 cum.
Therefore, area of land required for disposing sewage
4160
¿ =52 hectares
80
Providing 50% extra land fOT rest and rotation,
The total land area required
¿ 1.5∗52=78 hectares
Cost of land involved
¿ 25,000∗78=$ 1,950,000

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